Check out Reel History! https://www.youtube.com/@ReelHistory Double slit and superposition explained: https://www.discovery.com/science/Double-Slit-Experiment Consider supporting me on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theatomicage References: [1] Diakov, A. (2011) "The History of Plutonium Production in Russia," Science and Global Security, 19:28-45. R. Rhodes, "The Making of the Atomic Bomb," 2012 Edition, New York, NY: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 1986. K. Bird and M. J. Sherwin, "American Prometheus: the triumph and tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer," 1st ed., New York, NY: Vintage Books, 2006. NUKEMAP by Alex Wellerstein, https://nuclearsecrecy.com/nukemap/ Attribution: Single slit and double slit2, 04:32, (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Single_slit_and_double_slit2.jpg) by Jordgette is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 ((https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en)) Wilhelm Keitel, 23:03, (https://www.bild.bundesarchiv.de/dba/de/search/?query=Bild+183-H30220) is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 DE Deed (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en) J. Ernest Wilkins, Jr. (https://www.ans.org/about/presidents/jewilkinsjr/) Timestamps 00:00:00 Intro 00:00:27 Can you hear the music? 00:01:36 What's wrong with him? 00:02:08 Heisenberg 00:03:23 Quantum mechanics 00:05:44 Communism 00:08:43 General Groves 00:12:20 Oak Ridge and Hanford 00:18:45 Destroy the world 00:21:17 Kitty Oppenheimer 00:26:47 Teller's Super 00:33:18 The Chicago Pile 00:39:51 Compartmentalization 00:44:09 Col. Pash 00:47:31 Heavy water 00:51:34 Hitler's dead 00:55:32 Explosive lenses 00:57:52 The Trinity test 01:05:59 Oppie's bomb speech 01:09:44 That crybaby 01:13:10 The bomb's aftermath 01:17:47 Strauss' downfall 01:19:59 I believe we destroyed the world

This is Kairos Power's Hermes test reactor. It is a Generation IV reactor which in this case means it's a TRISO fueled, graphite moderated, fluoride salt-cooled, high temperature reactor, and it just got approval for construction in the United States. Let's check it out. References: Goldberg, S. M., and Rosner R., "Nuclear Reactors: Generation to Generation," American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2011. Farkas, G., "From Gen I to Gen III," https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/44/078/44078368.pdf [1] "Fuel Rod" (https://flickr.com/photos/69383258@N08/26072384441) by Nuclear Regulatory Commission (https://www.flickr.com/people/69383258@N08) is licensed under CC by 2.0. [2] Felts, M., "TRISO Fuels", Gen IV International Forum, 2019, https://www.gen-4.org/gif/upload/docs/application/pdf/2019-12/gen_iv_webinar_series_36_feltus__dec_18_triso_final.pdf [3] U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy, "TRISO Particles: The Most Robust Nuclear Fuel on Earth," https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/triso-particles-most-robust-nuclear-fuel-earth

In this series, I will teach you the basics of nuclear reactors. The technical level will be for an informed citizen audience, not a nuclear engineer audience (although maybe you will think differently lol). In Part 3, I go in-depth on Moderators and Coolants and answer these questions: what is a moderator, what is a coolant, and why might you pick one moderator or coolant over another? Consider supporting me on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theatomicage References: Reactors and Fuels & Nuclear Reactors: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Hpq-rU92kw Reactors, Fuels & Associated Subjects: Graphite Moderated - Allen Croff: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olPTu3K8YtU Reactor Fuels - Allen Croff: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6hEMLYYI5o Moderating Ratio - MR: https://www.nuclear-power.com/glossary/moderating-ratio-mr/ Lamarsh, Introduction to Nuclear Engineering, 3rd Ed. Timestamps 00:00 Intro 00:10 What Is a Moderator? 03:09 Moderating Ratio 06:49 Welcome to the Real World (of Moderators) 07:56 Moderators: Light Water 10:39 Moderators: Heavy Water 11:44 Moderators: Beryllium 14:12 Moderators: Graphite 15:51 Coolants 18:27 Coolants: Water 20:04 Coolants: Organics 21:17 Coolants: Liquid Metals (and Molten Salts) 26:52 Coolants: Gases 29:48 Outro

In this series, I will teach you the basics of nuclear reactors. The technical level will be for an informed citizen audience, not a nuclear engineer audience (although maybe you will think differently lol). Part 2 will cover the fundamentals of Fuels, Moderators, and Coolants, and then go more in-depth on Fuels, and Part 3 will go in-depth on Moderators and Coolants, and talk about classes of nuclear reactor designs. References/Further Reading: Reactors and Fuels & Nuclear Reactors: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Hpq-rU92kw Reactors, Fuels & Associated Subjects: Graphite Moderated - Allen Croff: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olPTu3K8YtU Reactor Fuels - Allen Croff: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6hEMLYYI5o Timestamps 00:00 Intro 00:05 Fuel 03:01 Reactor Neutron Spectrum 09:30 Moderators and Coolants 12:49 Control Rods/Neutron Absorbers 15:23 Uranium 21:51 Plutonium 31:23 Thorium 38:44 Other Fuels

In this series, I will teach you the basics of nuclear reactors. The technical level will be for an informed citizen audience, not a nuclear engineer audience (although maybe you will think differently lol). Part 2 will cover the fundamentals of Fuels, Moderators, and Coolants, and then go more in-depth on Fuels, and Part 3 will go in-depth on Moderators and Coolants, and talk about classes of nuclear reactor designs. References/Further Reading: Reactors and Fuels & Nuclear Reactors: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Hpq-rU92kw Reactors, Fuels & Associated Subjects: Graphite Moderated - Allen Croff: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olPTu3K8YtU Reactor Fuels - Allen Croff: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6hEMLYYI5o Timestamps: 00:00 Intro 01:22 A Few Notes 03:36 What Is a Nuclear Reactor? 07:21 The Atom (1/2) 08:57 The Atom (2/2) 11:35 Elements and Isotopes 18:33 The Periodic Table 20:38 Binding Energy 24:09 Splitting Atoms (Fission) 27:23 Chain Reactions

I take a look at the shockingly realistic depiction of a nuclear attack on downtown LA from the hit 1991 film Terminator 2: Judgment Day. Thanks to viewer @DrillSergeantP for suggesting this breakdown of Terminator 2! https://www.patreon.com/theatomicage References/Additional Reading: Nuclear Weapons Calculator - https://anycalculator.com/nuclearweaponscalculator.html NUKEMAP by Alex Wellerstein - https://nuclearsecrecy.com/nukemap/ Nuclear 101: How Nuclear Bombs Work Part 1/2 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVhQOhxb1Mc Beirut Explosion Seen From Nearby Boat - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DwRF5liTGB4 Fallout Pattern: Atoms for Peace and War by Richard Hewlett and Jack Holl

Counter-Strike is a game that first started as a mod to the 1998 video game Half-Life over twenty years ago. It's always featured some nuclear maps, so let's take a look at how they're presented in Counter-Strike 2. Timestamps 00:00 Intro 00:31 de_nuke 00:36 Nuclear transport package 01:12 Cooling tower 01:22 Containment building 01:53 Control room 02:11 Entering the containment building 02:24 Spent fuel cask 02:45 What is this thing? 03:22 Spent fuel storage pool 04:01 The reactor 05:02 Where's the turbine hall? 05:19 The ISFSI 05:55 de_train 06:00 Package at Bombsite A 06:37 Package at Bombsite B DONALD COOK CONTAINMENT DOME "The twin PWR reactor containments at the Cook Nuclear Plant in Michigan" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Containment_building#/media/File:Donald_Cook_Nuclear_Power_Plant_1993.jpg) by Dwp49423 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Dwp49423) is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) SPENT FUEL POOL https://masterlee.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/spent-fuel-pool.jpg REACTOR WITH HEAD OFF Credit: Ruben Sprich/REUTERS/Newscom TURBINE (Turbine hall at Paks nuclear power plant) https://imgur.com/pIRC12h YUCCA MOUNTAIN John Locher, AP CASTOR TRAIN PICTURE © Carsten Koall/​Getty Images https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2020-10/atommuell-castor-transport-greenpeace-polizei-kritik CONTROL ROOM https://www.wbur.org/news/2019/05/31/plymouth-reactor-training-center (Robin Lubbock/WBUR) SPENT FUEL VIDEO https://twitter.com/tvo_fi M-290 Naval Spent Fuel http://www.virginiaplaces.org/waste/transportnukewaste.html

In this month's episode, I discuss the last of the German reactors shutting down back in April, and I address the controversy around the release of treated water from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Check out my extended commentary on German reactors for free on my Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/posts/german-reactor-90092887 Articles referenced: https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Tributes-paid-as-Germany-s-last-nuclear-plants-clo https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Fukushima-water-release-is-safe,-IAEA-concludes References: [1] https://www.nrc.gov/reactors/operating/ops-experience/tritium/faqs.html#normal [2] https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/tritium-radiation-fs.html#compare [3] https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/tritium-radiation-fs.html#risks [4] https://www.tepco.co.jp/en/decommission/progress/treated-water-lan/index-e.html [5] https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/tritium-radiation-fs.html#water [6] http://hps.org/publicinformation/ate/faqs/faqradbods.html Additional references: https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-comment-on-release-of-waste-water-from-fukushima-into-the-sea-expected-later-this-year/ https://www.nrc.gov/reactors/operating/ops-experience/tritium/faqs.html#normal https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Fukushima-water-release-is-safe,-IAEA-concludes https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/tritium-radiation-fs.html#tritium https://www.meti.go.jp/english/earthquake/nuclear/decommissioning/qa.html Timestamps: 00:00 Intro 00:11 German Reactors Shut Down 00:41 Fukushima Starts Releasing Water 01:07 What is tritium? 03:26 How will they release the water? 04:56 How dangerous is tritium? 09:07 What does 4 mrem per year mean? #fukushima #tritium

Hey, all! I just wanted to get out a quick review and mini-breakdown of Oppenheimer before Jared Frederick of Reel History and I do our thorough breakdown later this year. Hope you enjoy! Check out Reel History: https://www.youtube.com/@UC1Uhd1cYz1ooV45DnIFLhiQ If you'd like to support me further: https://www.patreon.com/theatomicage

Not a nuclear accident, thankfully, but let's talk about UF6. The article: https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/07/14/uranium-enrichment-plant-accident-leaves-1-dead-a81844 UF6 photos: https://flic.kr/p/HojTkf, https://flic.kr/p/HkbF3i, https://flic.kr/p/HhP7ph, https://flic.kr/p/GvP7Et International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale: https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/ines.pdf

Check out the Oppenheimer Trailer 2 here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYPbbksJxIg&pp=ygUVb3BwZW5oZWltZXIgdHJhaWxlciAy Check out Jared's channel, Reel History, here: https://www.youtube.com/@ReelHistory What a trailer! I'm actually looking quite forward to this movie. Thanks so much to Jared for coming by, and I can't wait for us to do our full breakdown. Check out our reaction to the full trailer here: https://www.patreon.com/posts/nuclear-engineer-83309382 Trinity Tower photo: Los Alamos Historical Society Photo Archives. (https://www.losalamoshistory.org/trinitytest.html) Read more about Shigeko Sasamori: https://www.colgate.edu/news/stories/atomic-bomb-survivor-shigeko-sasamori-envisions-anti-war-world

Several people posted on my first Nuclear News video that they were alarmed that a reactor 'went critical', so I decided to clear the air by making a short little explainer video about what critical means. Original video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtCirApYgTI https://www.patreon.com/theatomicage

Resources Centrifuges and proliferation: https://fas.org/issues/nonproliferation-counterproliferation/nuclear-fuel-cycle/uranium-enrichment-gas-centrifuge-technology/centrifuges-nuclear-weapon-proliferation/ Timestamps 00:00 Intro 00:24 Why enrich uranium? 04:10 Are these tanks/centrifuges accurate? 06:19 A reactor?? 08:24 Other attacks on reactors 09:34 Contamination from the attack 10:33 Outro

Welcome to this first episode of Nuclear News! Each month, I'm going to spend 5-10 minutes highlighting some of the goings-on in the nuclear industry. This month, we have Centrus completing their demonstration HALEU enrichment cascade, Vogtle Unit 3 reaches first criticality - the first US reactor to do so in three decades, and the reactor pressure vessel for Hinkley Point C was delivered. Sources: https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Centrus-on-track-for-HALEU-demonstration-by-year-e https://www.georgiapower.com/company/news-center/2023-articles/vogtle-unit-3-reaches-initial-criticality.html https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/In-Pictures-Hinkley-Point-C-s-first-reactor-arriv

See the trailer here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bK6ldnjE3Y0

https://www.twitch.tv/fpschazly

https://www.twitch.tv/fpschazly I just felt like streaming STALKER! Come and hang out.

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I hope you enjoy this reaction. I had planned to go into more detail like I normally do but, for some reason, I lost interest in it. I think it's for the better - a lot of the stuff in these movies is outside of my wheelhouse, so to speak. https://www.patreon.com/theatomicage General references: "Nuclear 101: How Nuclear Bombs Work" Parts 1 and 2 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVhQOhxb1Mc, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnW7DxsJth0

The classic film about the Manhattan Project, this movie is also the only one I've seen to depict a criticality accident, which I directly work to prevent. Join me as I break down the nuclear physics involved in making the world's first atomic bomb. References: [1] US map - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_USA_with_state_names.svg [2] "Nuclear 101: How Nuclear Bombs Work" Parts 1 and 2 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVhQOhxb1Mc, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MnW7DxsJth0 [3] Plutonium Production, by John Walker - https://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/nuclear/plutonium.html Correction: Reference 3 at 25:54 should be Reference 4 [4] "Time/Dose Effects in Acute Radiation Syndrome - Radiation Emergency Medical Management" https://remm.hhs.gov/nato-doserate8-11.htm Timestamps 00:00 Intro 01:00 The Manhattan Project sites 02:37 More uranium enrichment discussion 07:56 Plutonium and spontaneous fission 12:15 Who was the Bomb for? 12:50 Implosion bomb 16:03 Tickling the Dragon's Tail (Criticality accident) 22:52 1000 rad dose 26:53 The Trinity Test 27:18 Outro

https://www.twitch.tv/fpschazly

https://www.twitch.tv/fpschazly

https://www.twitch.tv/fpschazly

Key for Mark I BWR Containment image: DW - Drywell WW - Wetwell SF - Spent fuel pool Timestamps: 00:00 Intro 00:16 Nuclear explosion or nuclear bomb? 03:12 Safety Changes to RBMK After Chernobyl 04:47 What Exploded at Fukushima? Images Used: Mark I BWR Containment: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BWR_Mark_I_Containment_sketch_with_downcomers.png Fukushima Unit 4 After Explosion: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_nuclear_disaster#/media/File:Exposed_Reactor_Pressure_Vessel_at_Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant_Unit_4.jpg

https://www.twitch.tv/fpschazly

https://www.twitch.tv/fpschazly

https://www.twitch.tv/fpschazly

Will The China Syndrome stand up to the test of time and scrutiny in this episode of CRITICAL REACTION? Stay tuned! If you'd like to support the channel further, consider leaving a $Thanks or visiting my Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theatomicage References and Attribution: [1] "Nuclear Experts Debate 'The China Syndrome'," by David Burnham (https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/18/archives/nuclear-experts-debate-the-china-syndrome-but-does-it-satisfy-the.html) [2] "Animated Images Of Plants PWR And BWR," (https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/students/multimedia/animated-images-plants-pwr-bwr.html) [3] Rahn, F. J., "Power Reactor Pressure Vessel Benchmarks: An Overview," pg. 11, (https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7257538) [4] "Fukushima Daiichi Accident - World Nuclear Association" (https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of-plants/fukushima-daiichi-accident.aspx) General references: "Prof. Richard Muller explaines nuclear meltdown and chernobyl," (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UeVIzHEh7a4) "The Fukushima Daiichi Accident, Technical Volume 1/5: Description and Context of the Accident" (https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/AdditionalVolumes/P1710/Pub1710-TV1-Web.pdf) "The Fukushima Daiichi Accident, Technical Volume 2/5: Safety Assessment" (https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/AdditionalVolumes/P1710/Pub1710-TV2-Web.pdf) Timestamps 00:00 Intro 01:45 Reaction Start 02:41 State of Nuclear Industry in the Late '70s 04:32 It Takes a Long Time to Build Nuclear Plants 05:23 The Accident 06:03 Turbine Trip 06:31 SCRAM 07:33 PWR vs. BWR 09:39 Nuclear Reactor Sensors 10:10 Water Level and Decay Heat 11:39 Emergency Core Cooling System 14:21 Spent Fuel Pool and Reloading a Reactor 16:04 Evil Plant Manager 16:35 The China Syndrome 22:05 More Evil Plant Manager 23:26 Non-Destructive Examination 24:25 Jack Goes to the NRC 25:28 Dismissing Plant License Applications 26:50 Jack Takes Matters into His Own Hands 27:44 SCRAM the Son of a ... 29:41 They're Cable Cutters! 30:10 The Pump Goes Crazy 30:49 Kimberly Interviews Ted Spindler 32:57 Outro

In this one, we follow Holden and Miller in The Expanse episodes "Critical Mass" and "Leviathan Wakes" after they get exposed to an *insane* radiation field on the asteroid Eros as shenanigans related to the protomolecule ensue around them. Hope you guys enjoy! If you'd like to support the channel: https://www.patreon.com/theatomicage Attribution: [1] Hard radiation https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Hard_radiation [2] Time/Dose Effects in Acute Radiation Sickness (ARS) https://remm.hhs.gov/nato-doserate.htm [3] Dose Rate Chart https://www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/radiation-dosage-chart/ [4] Mean time to vomiting https://remm.hhs.gov/aboutvomiting.htm Timestamps: 00:00 Intro 01:02 Iodine Supplements 02:31 Radiation Symbol on the Hard Shelter 03:33 Holden and Miller Hard Radiation 05:42 Large Radiation Dose Effects 10:50 Time to Vomiting 12:46 Can They Recover? 15:12 Outro

Join me as I fight the final level of the first S.T.A.L.K.E.R. game, which takes place at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Hang out, ask questions, have a good time!

Starting Time Converter: https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=The+Atomic+Age+10k+Subscriber+Stream&iso=20220220T14&p1=263&ah=2 Look for the stream announcement on Sunday, 20 Feb. It will tell you the starting time. Hope to see you there!

The moment we've all been waiting for: the trial. Video References: [1] R. M. Hyland, "Reactivity Coefficients in Nuclear Reactors," Europhysics News, vol. 18, no. 11/12, 1987 (https://www.europhysicsnews.org/articles/epn/pdf/1987/11/epn19871811p133.pdf) [2] "INSAG-7 The Chernobyl Accident: Updating of INSAG-1," pp. 53 (https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub913e_web.pdf) [3] "Xenon Poisoning" (http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/NucEne/xenon.html) [4] "The Chernobyl Reactor: Design Features and Reasons for Accident," by M. V. Malko, pp. 16 (https://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/kr79pdf/Malko1.pdf) [5] "The Chernobyl Reactor: Design Features and Reasons for Accident," by M. V. Malko, pp. 22 (https://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/kr79pdf/Malko1.pdf) [6] "Aircraft Impact Damage" by T. Wierzbicki, et al. (https://web.mit.edu/civenv/wtc/PDFfiles/Chapter%20IV%20Aircraft%20Impact.pdf) [7] "A Nuclear Jet at Chernobyl Around 21:23:45 UTC on April 25, 1986,", by L. Geer, et al. (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00295450.2017.1384269) [8] "The Chernobyl Reactor: Design Features and Reasons for Accident," by M. V. Malko, pp. 19 (https://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/kr79pdf/Malko1.pdf) General References: "Chapter I - The site and accident sequence," by Nuclear Energy Agency (https://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/chernobyl/c01.html) "Westinghouse Technology Systems Manual - Section 2.1 - Reactor Physics Review," by Nuclear Regulary Commission (https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1122/ML11223A207.pdf) "Safety Series No. 75-INSAG-1 - Summary Report on the Post-Accident Review Meeting on the Chernobyl Accident," by the International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group (http://www.ilankelman.org/miscellany/chernobyl.pdf) "Under-moderated vs Over-moderated," by Nuclear Power (https://www.nuclear-power.com/nuclear-power/reactor-physics/reactor-dynamics/under-moderated-vs-over-moderated/) Timestamps: 00:00 Intro 01:55 Comments from Episode 4 04:21 Solely Operator Error 04:57 Fuel and Void Coefficients 11:19 Xenon Brief 12:46 What Happened in the Control Room? 14:16 205 Withdrawn Control Rods 15:01 Graphite Tips 20:23 Low Enrichment and Containment Buildings 24:24 Not a Nuclear Bomb 28:19 What Happened? 31:04 The Truth 31:28 Outro

Back to the Future is an amazing film and has a surprising number of nuclear references. Let's check it out. Also, don't worry! Chernobyl Part 5 is coming soon, but I wanted to give you guys something else (also, a bit more fun and light hearted!) in the mean time. I don't run ads, so if you'd like to support the channel, I would greatly appreciate it: https://www.patreon.com/theatomicage Sources: [1] "The twin PWR reactor containments at the Cook Nuclear Plant in Michigan" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Containment_building#/media/File:Donald_Cook_Nuclear_Power_Plant_1993.jpg) by Dwp49423 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Dwp49423) is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) [2] "Tcherenkov" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=183bu5Zbc0g) by La Chaine Pourrie (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFM9LFImkAW1UdqzyhN7aWQ) is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed) [3] "How Powerful Is Lightning?" (https://www.weather.gov/safety/lightning-power) [4] "How much energy does lightning generate? | Exchange Utility" (https://www.exchangeutility.co.uk/news/ever-wondered-how-much-electricity-is-generated-by-lightning/) Timestamps: 00:00 Intro 00:46 Breakdown 01:00 The radiation symbol 02:08 Jigawatts! 03:38 Where do you get plutonium? 04:04 Radioactive shipping labels 06:48 Scrutinize the nuclear shipping package 07:59 "Safe now. Everything's lead-lined" 09:57 Do you need more plutonium for each trip? 11:28 The Roentgen meter 12:42 What does a radiation suit do? 14:02 Is a lightning bolt powerful enough? 15:50 Trash as fuel for Mr. Fusion 17:30 Outro

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For Part 5, I want to do a much more thorough commentary and try and explain any misconceptions and help clear up any misunderstandings. Ask your questions below in the comments, but first look a little to see if someone else has asked it. In which case, give it a thumbs up and also thumbs up any other questions you like. Thanks again, guys!

Part 4 is an emotional roller coaster. Be sure to check out the full version at HBO! I don't run ads, so if you'd like to support the channel, I would greatly appreciate it: https://www.patreon.com/theatomicage Sources: [1] Dose Rate Chart https://www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/radiation-dosage-chart/ [2] "The ill-fated 4th block of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukraine stands eerily quiet. (Chernobyl, Ukraine, July 2005)" (https://flic.kr/p/dMnNmE) by Petr Pavlicek/IAEA (https://www.flickr.com/photos/iaea_imagebank/) is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/) [3] "NSC placed over reactor four of Chernobyl nuclear power plant as of September 2017, with the monument to the constructors of the sarcophagus in the foreground" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_New_Safe_Confinement#/media/File:NSC_Sept_2017.jpg) by Adam pl is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) [4] "Isotope data for xenon-135 in the Periodic Table" https://periodictable.com/Isotopes/054.135/index.html Timestamps 00:00 Intro 01:08 Part 3 Corrections 03:40 1000 R at Katya Is Fatal 05:18 The Egg Basket 07:32 Classified Reactor Documents 09:03 Positive Void Coefficient 12:41 The Chernobyl Reactor No. 4 Sarcophagus 15:36 90 Seconds on the 12000 R Masha Roof 17:43 Stalling a Reactor / Xenon-135 20:28 "...The baby absorbed [its mother's radiation] instead." 23:08 Conclusion

Part 3! The nature of the disaster is evolving. Now, the fuel is melting down and Legasov and crew will have to deal with it. Also, Khomyuk is at the hospital interviewing the operators. I have a Patreon! I don't run ads, so if you'd like to support the channel, click here: https://www.patreon.com/theatomicage Thanks, extramarko, for the thumbnail idea! [1] https://periodictable.com/ [2] https://www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/radiation-dosage-chart/ Timestamps: 00:00 Intro 01:15 Corrections from Episode 2 07:21 I-131 and Cs-137 Emissions Decreasing 10:24 Meltdown & Liquid Nitrogen 15:59 Will Legasov and Shcherbina Die? 18:31 Heat Exchanger 19:56 Lyudmila should be safe from Ignatenko. 21:30 12 meter deep tunnel 22:35 What is the plastic curtain for? 24:27 "Why didn't you press the AZ-5 button?" 26:02 The rigors of criticality safety 26:39 Are the firemens' bodies radioactive waste? 27:45 Outro

First off, wow. The response to part 1 was incredible. Thanks to everyone who made that possible! Part 2! The disaster has happened and now the Soviet government is trying to figure out what happened. Secretary Gorbachev sends Minister Boris Shcherbina and a nuclear scientist of the Kurchatov Institute, Valeriy Legasov, to Chernobyl to investigate. I have a Patreon! I don't run ads, so if you'd like to support the channel, click here: https://www.patreon.com/theatomicage References: [1] "Advanced Test Reactor core, Idaho National Laboratory" (https://www.flickr.com/photos/35734278@N05/3954062594/) by Argonne National Laboratory (https://www.flickr.com/photos/argonne/) is licensed under CC BY 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/) [2] Dose Rate Chart https://www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/radiation-dosage-chart/ Timestamps: 00:00 Intro 00:51 Corrections from Episode 1 05:13 Chernobyl Episode 2 05:17 Uranium Decay vs. Uranium Fission Products 05:58 Contaminated Firemen's Clothes 06:50 Beta Burns and Radiation Overview 08:28 I Don't Like the U-235 "Bullet" Analogy 11:54 Is Radiation Like a Virus? 13:43 "What Have They Done?" 14:32 Smoke Added for Dramatic Effect 15:32 What Is Lead Shielding? 17:25 How Much Lead Is Actually on that Truck? 18:06 Decontamination 19:01 "It's Not Three Roentgen..." 19:47 "Boron and sand" 21:16 Why Will the Fuel Melt? 23:44 Fuel Lava Bubbler Pool Thermal Explosion 24:54 Two to Four Megatons? 26:46 Pripyat: Frozen in Time 27:25 Bubbler Pool Divers / Dosimeters 28:39 Intense Radiation Fields and Electronics 29:29 Outro

The great show Chernobyl, already two years old! Wow. Anyway, this is a fantastic mini-series about the worst nuclear accident of all time. Let's dive in and check out the nuclear topics presented. I have a Patreon! I don't run ads, so if you'd like to support the channel, click here: https://www.patreon.com/theatomicage References: [1] "The twin PWR reactor containments at the Cook Nuclear Plant in Michigan" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Containment_building#/media/File:Donald_Cook_Nuclear_Power_Plant_1993.jpg) by Dwp49423 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Dwp49423) is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) [2] Dose Rate Chart https://www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/radiation-dosage-chart/ [3] REMM time/dose effects https://remm.hhs.gov/nato-doserate11-15.htm [4] Mean time to vomiting https://remm.hhs.gov/aboutvomiting.htm Timestamps: 00:00 Intro 01:44 Control Rods and Decay Heat 03:09 RBMKs Don't Explode (reactor explanation) 08:16 Graphite Outside the Reactor 09:50 "Are They Bombing?" 10:41 3.61 Roentgen 15:09 Onset of Radiation Sickness 16:17 No One is Advising the Firefighters 17:27 How Burned Would His Hand Be? 18:23 Reactor Hall Shielded Door 19:07 Staring Into the Core 19:54 Radiation Causes External Bleeding? 21:52 Rapid Onset of Radiation Sickness for Drama? 22:46 Iodine Pills 23:56 Crackling Audio 24:45 1000 Roentgen Meter Instantly Failed 25:43 Dyatlov Vomits 26:23 What is Feedwater? 26:59 How Does Radiation Hurt You? 27:32 Outro

I'm gearing up for my new reactor series. Let me know in the comments below any particular questions you have or things you'd like to know more about.

I react to K-19: The Widowmaker about the nuclear accident on the Soviet boat of the same name. It stars Harrison Ford and Liam Neeson and is a personal favorite of mine. There's lots of good nuclear stuff that I have knowledge about in this movie, like coolant leaks, reactor heat, meltdowns, and radiation, so I really enjoyed making this one and hope you like it. Timestamps: 00:00 Intro 01:08 K-19 has pressurized water reactors (PWR) 01:38 Primary coolant loop pressurizer 02:08 Description of PWRs loops 03:19 Cha cha 03:24 Does alcohol help radiation poisoning? 04:44 Cherenkov radiation (blue glow) 05:21 Primary loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) 07:52 Control rods are dropping 09:15 Do control rods need coolant? 10:37 Reactors are not nuclear bombs 13:44 Reactor explosion won't set off nukes 14:20 Radiation suits likely wouldn't have helped 16:30 Lead glass 17:36 Wrong use of Cherenkov glow (but it's fine) 17:52 Onset of radiation sickness 18:51 Will wet rags stop radiation? 19:30 Radiation is spreading through the boat 20:02 The food is contaminated 20:36 Reading a Geiger counter 21:11 Would the reactor workers irradiate the crew? 22:34 Sponge bath to decontaminate 22:55 Estimating the K-19 sailors' doses 24:34 Outro Sources: [1] About Time to Onset of Vomiting, https://remm.hhs.gov/aboutvomiting.htm [2] Radiation Dosage Chart, https://www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/radiation-dosage-chart/

In this one, I react to the '90s nuclear thriller The Peacemaker. It stars George Clooney and Nicole Kidman and is about a rogue Russian general who steals the nuclear warheads from a Russian ICBM. 00:00 Intro 00:25 Stealing the nuke 00:47 Tunnel nuke protection 00:55 Train collision 01:17 Nuclear safeguards 01:49 Blast detection and yield 02:07 Radiation at ground zero 02:42 Fission primary/fusion secondary 03:56 Checking fatality predictions 07:20 "Sniffing" the fission primary 08:45 NEST 08:52 Chapel will contain radiation? 09:00 How a plutonium primary works 10:00 Sabotage the primary 10:49 The primary explodes 10:59 Aftermath/contamination 11:43 Outro

In this one, we're talking about what happens when an atom fissions, what is a chain reaction, and can you control a chain reaction? Hope you enjoy. Attribution: NPP image: by Avda, used under CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26894741

Hey, all! I'm reacting to the last of the Clancy-produced Ryanverse films The Sum of All Fears. It's not a great movie but it has some compelling bits and some nuclear topics to unpack. Hope you enjoy! You're not crazy, this is a reupload for copyright concerns. Edited out extraneous scenes of the movie and non-nuclear commentary. Timestamps 00:00 Intro 01:18 Lost nuclear weapon 01:57 Plutonium exposure from compromised weapon 02:10 Russian scientists disassembling the lost nuclear weapon 02:54 The warmth of plutonium decay 03:23 Corroded plutonium core 03:49 Making a new bomb 05:16 Dosimetry 05:46 The bomb is in play in Baltimore 06:05 Tour of Baltimore 06:48 The bomb explodes 07:04 Seek shelter when downwind of a nuclear explosion 07:20 "The ash isn't radioactive." 07:29 Hazmat suits at ground zero 07:49 The fingerprint of a nuclear weapon 08:47 The port of Baltimore would be fine 10:37 The horrific aftermath of the nuclear explosion 11:12 Death from plutonium exposure 12:27 Conclusion

Hey, all! In this one, I'm going to explain how we measure radiation damage done to humans and materials and explain the typical units you'll see for radiation absorption.

Original video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmMzEjo5Pxk I've never seen a video about nuclear transportation on YouTube before, so let's take a look at this one by Curious Droid. Thanks to Pat for showing me the video!

Hey, everyone! In this one, I'm talking about what radiation is and the main types of radioactive particles that are important to nuclear energy and weapons. Images/sounds used: StockSnap_7SU0KUZ93N (ripple) - Photo by Biel Morro from StockSnap https://stocksnap.io/author/34668 StockSnap_D2ROMCUEIV (cell phone) - Photo by Freestocks.org from StockSnap https://stocksnap.io/author/20064 StockSnap_E20F15AC4B (muscle car) - Photo by Jay Mantri from StockSnap https://stocksnap.io/author/370 StockSnap_QIRXUEHC4Y (sausages) - Photo by WDnet Studio from StockSnap https://stocksnap.io/author/30770 german flag image Public Domain, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33285421 StockSnap_FAEOPECD4T (golf ball) - Photo by Oleksandr Pidvalnyi from StockSnap https://stocksnap.io/author/oleksandr StockSnap_PS9F6BF99L (stadium) - Photo by Liane Metzler from StockSnap https://stocksnap.io/author/452 Drum Roll Sound Effect "Free Sounds Library" Free Sound Effects Site. Licence: License: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). You are allowed to use sound effects free of charge and royalty free in your multimedia projects for commercial or non-commercial purposes. https://www.freesoundslibrary.com/drum-roll-sound-effect/ german music 24239__bilwiss__kirmes-orgel-004-berlinder-luft https://freesound.org/people/bilwiss/sounds/24239/ bullet ricochets 486343__timbre__selected-ricochets-no-bang-from-craigsmith-s-freesound-486071 https://freesound.org/people/Timbre/sounds/486343/ billiard balls 350918__csaszi__billiard-pool-shots-csg https://freesound.org/people/csaszi/sounds/350918/

The World is Not Enough is one of my favorite Bond movies and it centers around a nuclear climax! Let's take a look.

In this one, we talk about half-life, which tells us how long radioactive materials will stick around and how dangerous they are.

Hey, everyone! In this one, we're talking about radioactivity. Topics covered include the stability of an atom, why are atoms unstable, and describing how much radioactive material we have.

Hey, all. I'm back! It took a year but I'm ready to start making videos again. Please let me know in the comments what video topics you'd like to see me do!

Two things I wanted to address from The Atom in this video: atomic masses and element cards.

In this episode, I describe the atom. Namely, the parts of the atom that are relevant to nuclear physics. Attributions: NPP image: by Avda, used under CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26894741 CNPP image: by Carl Montgomery - Flickr, used under CC BY-SA 2.0, https://www.flickr.com/photos/83713082@N00/535916329 Platinum nugget: by Heinrich Pniok, used under FAL, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Platinum-nugget.jpg Fallout Pattern: https://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests/Castle.html "Mad scientist" by J.J., used under CC BY / Background enlarged https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_scientist#/media/File:Mad_scientist.svg