If you jump with both feet into the Chernobyl rabbit hole and keep going down sooner or later you’ll find yourself on Proatom.ru. From what we can tell this is a news and opinion website on nuclear power. What distinguishes it is that decades later the topic of Chernobyl and events surrounding it continue to be discussed by serious people in serious detail. People familiar with this channel know the names Aleksander N. Rumyantsev, Nikolai Karpan, Nikolai Steinberg. These people and more have written posts, among them essentially full-length articles, on Proatom related to Chernobyl. A person known as David01 brings our attention to the subject of this video... Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2 This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Zzm8RC5MR3-rz7wTgDtGjKW-sY4YA9cA/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true

Few submarines evoke a feeling of tragedy as much as the submarine K-19, a story of human sacrifice, desperation and exploitation. A story equally so iconic that it birthed a Hollywood movie, Widowmaker. But a film cannot claim to do this story justice. The accidents aboard this submarine have claimed at least fifty two lives, span multiple decades, and are going to continue to make news stories for decades to come. There is a reason Submarine K-19 has acquired a poignant nickname: Hiroshima. She is the Hiroshima of the Seas. Chapters 0:00 Introduction 0:53 The Rise of K-19 03:33 The Reactors 06:58 Launch 14:29 Into 1961 15:19 April 12th, 1961 18:18 July 4th, 1961 29:33 Interlude 1 33:20 Collisions 37:29 The Fire 45:48 Interlude 2 48:35 Death… 50:03 And Beyond 52:54 Credits Sources https://www.biblioatom.ru/core-systems/nuclear-reactors/vm-a/ https://atomicexpertnew.ru/the_trail_of_the_first https://old.vdvsn.ru/papers/ks/2002/10/14/10028/ https://histrf.ru/read/articles/k-19-simvol-muzhiestva-i-stoikosti https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sos-iz-puchiny-nekotorye-aspekty-spaseniya-podvodnikov-zatonuvshih-i-avariynyh-lodok-9/viewer http://k19.ru/2013/06/26/%d0%b2%d1%8f%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%b7%d1%83%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%ba%d0%be-%d0%b0%d0%bf%d0%bb-%d0%ba-19-%d0%b8-%d1%81%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b3/ https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4330943/2023/03/27/mowgli-tartan-shorts-and-a-nuclear-submarine-inside-vladimir-romanovs-hearts/ https://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nbrs/658/k19/k19.htm https://www.kp.ru/daily/21712099.5/4337660/ https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/172724047/NKS_96_RAK_2TR_C3.pdf

This is Valery Legasov, the Deputy Director of the Kurchatov Institute, and this is his boss, Anatoly Aleksandrov, the scientific supervisor for the RBMK project. Together, here they are in a video being drawn in a horse drawn carriage… in a Satanic parade. Join the Discord Server here: https://discord.com/invite/8QMD7y8Mu2

The HBO mini-series on Chernobyl stands out as one of the biggest successes in recent TV show-making. Surely that cannot possibly have anything to do with Soviet propaganda crafted by people the show’s creator Craig Mazin refers to as “masters of weaponized narration”. Episode Five of the mini-series is its gripping and chilling climax. Its title is Eternal Memory. Memory is a funny thing, particularly when it’s eternal. In the coming videos we will explore some of the key things episode five misremembers twisting the memory of Chernobyl and of the people involved. Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2 This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Zzm8RC5MR3-rz7wTgDtGjKW-sY4YA9cA/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true

The HBO mini-series on Chernobyl stands out as one of the biggest successes in recent TV show-making. Surely that cannot possibly have anything to do with Soviet propaganda crafted by people the show’s creator Craig Mazin refers to as “masters of weaponized narration”. Episode Five of the mini-series is its gripping and chilling climax. Its title is Eternal Memory. Memory is a funny thing, particularly when it’s eternal. In the coming videos we will explore some of the key things episode five misremembers twisting the memory of Chernobyl and of the people involved. Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2 This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Zzm8RC5MR3-rz7wTgDtGjKW-sY4YA9cA/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true

The HBO mini-series on Chernobyl stands out as one of the biggest successes in recent TV show-making. Surely that cannot possibly have anything to do with Soviet propaganda crafted by people the show’s creator Craig Mazin refers to as “masters of weaponized narration”. Episode Five of the mini-series is its gripping and chilling climax. Its title is Eternal Memory. Memory is a funny thing, particularly when it’s eternal. In the coming videos we will explore some of the key things episode five misremembers twisting the memory of Chernobyl and of the people involved. Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2 This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Zzm8RC5MR3-rz7wTgDtGjKW-sY4YA9cA/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true

The HBO mini-series on Chernobyl stands out as one of the biggest successes in recent TV show-making. Surely that cannot possibly have anything to do with Soviet propaganda crafted by people the show’s creator Craig Mazin refers to as “masters of weaponized narration”. Episode Five of the mini-series is its gripping and chilling climax. Its title is Eternal Memory. Memory is a funny thing, particularly when it’s eternal. In the coming videos we will explore some of the key things episode five misremembers twisting the memory of Chernobyl and of the people involved. Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2 This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Zzm8RC5MR3-rz7wTgDtGjKW-sY4YA9cA/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true

Meet Oleg Genrikh and Anatoly Kurguz; the Unit Four Reactor Hall Operators on the night of the Chernobyl Disaster. One of these two men will survive the disaster, and the other will perish. One of these will almost be shot twice during the night of the disaster, trying to save the life of the other. This is that story.

The HBO mini-series on Chernobyl stands out as one of the biggest successes in recent TV show-making. Surely that cannot possibly have anything to do with Soviet propaganda crafted by people the show’s creator Craig Mazin refers to as “masters of weaponized narration”. Episode Five of the mini-series is its gripping and chilling climax. Its title is Eternal Memory. Memory is a funny thing, particularly when it’s eternal. In the coming videos we will explore some of the key things episode five misremembers twisting the memory of Chernobyl and of the people involved. Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2 This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Zzm8RC5MR3-rz7wTgDtGjKW-sY4YA9cA/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true

This is Igor Kurchatov. The Father of the Soviet Atomic Bomb. And this is Efim Slavsky, who will rise to become the director of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building, which oversaw the Soviet nuclear industry. And this is Josef Stalin, then leader of the USSR. In 1949, the Soviet Union will kill Igor Kurchatov in a nuclear accident that likely had more direct deaths than the Chernobyl Disaster of 1986. This is the story of how that happened. Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2

The HBO mini-series on Chernobyl stands out as one of the biggest successes in recent TV show-making. Surely that cannot possibly have anything to do with Soviet propaganda crafted by people the show’s creator Craig Mazin refers to as “masters of weaponized narration”. Episode Five of the mini-series is its gripping and chilling climax. Its title is Eternal Memory. Memory is a funny thing, particularly when it’s eternal. In the coming videos we will explore some of the key things episode five misremembers twisting the memory of Chernobyl and of the people involved. Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2 This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Zzm8RC5MR3-rz7wTgDtGjKW-sY4YA9cA/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true

The year is 1959. This is Nikita Khruschev, then leader of the Soviet Union. And this is Richard Nixon, then Vice President of the United States of America. And during a conversation between the two, Khruschev made a promise to Nixon. “We will catch up and surpass the United States, we have funds at our disposal that will have dire consequences for you. We will show you Kuzka’s Mother!” The translator was of course confused by the last statement, as was everyone else. It was literally translated as the Soviet Union promising to show the Mother of Kuzka to the United States. What showing Kuzka’s Mother actually means is basically to harshly teach a lesson. To the Americans it instead became a euphemism for atomic bombs, and two years later it would become a direct nickname for a certain nuclear weapon in particular – the largest bomb ever created by man. Today this weapon has acquired a very different nickname – the Tsar Bomba.

This channel has always focused on telling the true stories of the disaster, be it Chernobyl or otherwise. We’ve done a lot on this, from examining the chain of events leading up to the explosion, to the actions of operators on the day of the disaster. But it would be impossible to tell the true story without also examining the other side – what was happening at the Nuclear Power Plant. These are the forgotten elements of Chernobyl, ones that many might claim influenced the scale of the disaster.

The HBO mini-series on Chernobyl stands out as one of the biggest successes in recent TV show-making. Surely that cannot possibly have anything to do with Soviet propaganda crafted by people the show’s creator Craig Mazin refers to as “masters of weaponized narration”. Episode Five of the mini-series is its gripping and chilling climax. Its title is Eternal Memory. Memory is a funny thing, particularly when it’s eternal. In the coming videos we will explore some of the key things episode five misremembers twisting the memory of Chernobyl and of the people involved. Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2 This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Zzm8RC5MR3-rz7wTgDtGjKW-sY4YA9cA/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true

OK, OK, I know some people have read the title and want to banish me to the anti-science realm, but before you do, please hear me out on this. Because, and this will sound really controversial, this is the theory that I believe is the closest to what really destroyed the Chernobyl reactor. It’s a theory that is surprisingly backed very heavily by science, and is now going through a wave of support among Russian and Ukrainian scientists.

The HBO mini-series on Chernobyl stands out as one of the biggest successes in recent TV show-making. Surely that cannot possibly have anything to do with Soviet propaganda crafted by people the show’s creator Craig Mazin refers to as “masters of weaponized narration”. Episode Five of the mini-series is its gripping and chilling climax. Its title is Eternal Memory. Memory is a funny thing, particularly when it’s eternal. In the coming videos we will explore some of the key things episode five misremembers twisting the memory of Chernobyl and of the people involved. Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2 This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Zzm8RC5MR3-rz7wTgDtGjKW-sY4YA9cA/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true

Well well well, some of you have been requesting a video about who was in the Control Room on the night of the disaster, and I am more than happy to give you it. As you’d expect, with the turbine rundown experiment in progress, there are a lot of people to go through, from reactor engineers to electricians. Guess how many people were actually in the Control Room, and see how close you get! Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2 Link to the creators of the Control Room model used: https://discord.gg/rAJMRGu3yE

This channel was built on telling stories. In particular, the stories of those who never had the proper chance to tell them. But what happens when a story becomes forgotten? It is hard to describe how tragic the story of Ivan Orlov is. In terms of radiation dose, he is in a league of his own. Hundreds of metres away from the shattered structure of Unit Four, yet a dose higher than even some of the fatally exposed firefighters. He was in fact one of the first to die. And yet, his story remains obscure, completely buried by fiction. Now, how did we get here? What is the true story of Ivan Orlov, a person so forgotten we still barely know what he looked like. Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2

Chernobyl is the most famous nuclear disaster in the world. The Duga Radar is the most famous over-the-horizon radar array in the world, and not only is it a few miles away from Chernobyl, but it’s also very inefficient. What happens when you put two and two together? A crazy conspiracy theory wrapped in another conspiracy, bagged in the Revolution of Ukraine? What is going on? Sources The Russian Woodpecker, 2016. https://fakty.ua/132302-put-evakuacii-iz-pripyati-proshel-po-zapadnomu-radiacionnomu-sledu-ot-razrushennogo-reaktora Chernobyl, Past, Present and Fututre. In the Shadow of Chernobyl: The History of the Duga Radar Array How it Was. Don't Ask, For Whom the Bell Tolls Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2

We all know the story. It’s April 28th, 1986, and the situation at Chernobyl is deteriorating. The nuclear fuel is melting, and very soon it will enter the steam suppression pools underneath the reactor, which is now filled with water. If the fuel comes into contact with the water, there will be a large explosion comparable to a hydrogen bomb, large enough to destroy not only the three remaining reactors at Chernobyl, but also obliterate the surrounding area, poisoning the Dneiper river, rendering the Ukrainian and Belarussian Republics uninhabitable. But there is a way to avoid this. Three divers have to enter the radioactive water, wearing wet suits, at great risk to their life, to open the valves. After they opened the valves, they made their way back, and were presumed dead by the public at large, until their survival was popularised by Andrew Leatherbarrow in his book in 2016. Now, would it surprise you to find out that almost all of this is completely fiction? Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2

In the seconds, minutes, and hours, after the explosion at the Fourth Unit of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, electrical cables were damaged, torn open. Water from the reactor poured into the narrow corridors that housed the wiring, short circuiting them. The power to the damaged portions of the building had been cut on the morning of April 26th, but this could not be permanent. The first expeditions to try and navigate under the reactor would only be possible if the electricity was turned on again. There was no way to monitor all of the cables in the collapsed areas, but they had to hope it was safe enough. A few days later, their hope was proven misplaced. Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2

Meet Nikolai Karpan. In 1986, he was the Deputy Chief of the Nuclear Safety Department, vital to the liquidation efforts of the disaster following the explosion of Unit Four. But this is not that story, and this is not Karpan’s first experience with an accident at Chernobyl. In 1982, at the end of summer, Karpan bore witness to the partial meltdown of Unit One. Behind this accident lies a story of cover up and scapegoating, so let’s peel back the layers and examine what really happened one afternoon in September. Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2

Just under eleven years before Chernobyl exploded and contaminated swathes of Eastern Europe, we turn our attention far north to the very first reactor of the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant. On November 30th, 1975, this reactor would suffer an accident that came frighteningly close to causing its complete destruction. This is the story of the Leningrad Chernobyl, from inside the Control Room, and inside the reactor core. Chapters: 00:00: Introduction 00:31: A Difficult Year 03:41: A Fatal Mistake 04:51: Fighting the Xenon Pit 07:53: The Impossible 11:14: Channel 13-33 14:48: Cover Up 16:43: The Leningrad Chernobyl Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2 Thank you to Bobby and Sredmash for assisting in the writing of this script :)

In these two videos we will explore how the Soviets earn the distinction of being called masters of weaponized narration by tricking Craig Mazin, against the might of his predisposition, intention, and research, to transmute and propagate their propaganda 30+ years after the Chernobyl disaster to a largely Western and very receptive audience with both the Soviet state and most of the people involved reposing in their graves. Masterful indeed. In the second, we will explore the six main falsehoods the Soviets told at Vienna to shift the blame on to the operators, and how they don't stand up to modern knowledge. We will then ask - was Legasov a victim of the narrative himself? Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2 This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1m05-XEdAITEZLCJyYJjwZ5CzQFCRucpl/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true

On September 30th, 1999, Hisashi Ouchi, Masato Shinohara and Yutaka Yokokawa found themselves at the centre of Japan's worst nuclear accident. The events leading up to and following those critical seconds at 10:35AM that bright morning would conclude with two of them dying, one sentenced to prison and the fall from grace of the Japanese nuclear power industry. But what actually happened is shrouded in lies and mystery, the voids of knowledge filled with fabrications to shock and scare. Tokaimura is by far controversial, with claims of human experimentation repeated across the Internet. This is not the case. This is the story of a government that failed its citizens, and the battle to save their lives among misguided hope. Hisashi Ouchi is dead. Yutaka Yokokawa has been discharged from hospital. Only one of the three remains battling for their lives: Masato Shinohara. This is the tragic story of his final months. Sources: The Criticality Accident in Tokaimura: Medical Aspects of Radiation Emergency. Case Presentation of Worker A. A Slow Death: 83 Days of Radiation Sickness. Daily 04/23 20:45 JCO criticality accident - The wife's earnest statement is read out by the Mito District Court: Another Story: Tokaimura Initial medical management of patients severely irradiated in the Tokai-mura criticality accident Follow-up of delayed health consequences of acute accidental radiation exposure. Lessons to be learned from their medical management http://www.seizanso.co.jp/present/19990930hibaku.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20030628122806fw_/http://www.geocities.com/bjorn_cedervall/japanese_victims.html LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE JCO NUCLEAR CRITICALITY ACCIDENT IN JAPAN IN 1999

In these two videos we will explore how the Soviets earn the distinction of being called masters of weaponized narration by tricking Craig Mazin, against the might of his predisposition, intention, and research, to transmute and propagate their propaganda 30+ years after the Chernobyl disaster to a largely Western and very receptive audience with both the Soviet state and most of the people involved reposing in their graves. Masterful indeed. In the first, we will explore how the Soviet Nuclear Industry tried to rewrite the narrative, with Legasov becoming the public face of this narrative. Join the Discord here: https://discord.gg/8QMD7y8Mu2 This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1m05-XEdAITEZLCJyYJjwZ5CzQFCRucpl/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true

Congratulations comrade! Well done on receiving your new promotion to Shift Supervisor for Unit Four of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant! Now you’re in charge of all the decisions they make in the absolutely beautiful Control Room. And you’re just in time as well. Unit Four is about to go through its scheduled maintenance shutdown, and that means tests, tests, tests! You have to make sure that the Kharkiv Turbine Plant and Dontekhenergo are happy and get their results, or your superiors will be… not happy. Good luck, comrade…

Before the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant existed, there was a power struggle. A struggle between engineers and politicians, scientists and engineers. And at the center of it all, the rise of a reactor type that would go on to be the most infamous of them all. This is the second half of that story. This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1m05-XEdAITEZLCJyYJjwZ5CzQFCRucpl/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true

Thirty-one people are recorded as direct victims of Chernobyl. This does not include, of course, the potentially thousands of people who died as a result of consequences from the exposure to radiation released by Unit Four in the days after the explosion. These thirty-one men and women all have unique stories attached to them – some rushed into the danger, and sacrificed their lives to contain an even greater disaster, while others simply happened to be in the absolute worst place at the worst time. Some of these have videos documenting their life on my channel already; the others will follow as more information comes to light.

Hundreds of people were in the vicinity of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant the night of the disaster. Each of them has their own story, but few of them have been shared, and our time is limited. Today, we will explore just a few of these stories.

This video is a simple and brief overview of the final eight minutes before, and twenty-five or so minutes after, the explosion of the fourth reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant on April 26th, 1986. This is a very basic version of what I have planned for the future, so we'll see where we are next year. :) With thanks to the following for creating the locations seen in this video: Control Room 4 – Hydroproject. https://discord.gg/VYFSZ2Z3gM Control Room 3 – Unit Three https://discord.gg/unit3 Exterior – Gherkinbeans https://discord.gg/QKUzyb5KPD

It is now 1AM, April 26th, 1986. Unbeknownst to the operators, they are now rocketing down the path to destruction. These next few minutes are critical for the survival or demise of the reactor, and they are equally misunderstood by the general public. So, let’s explore them. With thanks to the following for creating the locations seen in this video: Control Room 4 – Hydroproject. https://discord.gg/VYFSZ2Z3gM Control Room 3 – Unit Three https://discord.gg/unit3 Exterior – Gherkinbeans https://discord.gg/QKUzyb5KPD With thanks to Bobby and Sredmash for reviewing the scripts.

It is now midnight, April 26th, 1986. The fifth shift has taken control of Chernobyl Unit Four, and in eighty four minutes, the reactor they are operating will be destroyed. The decisions they make, unbeknownst to them, will determine the fate of the reactor. Now, let’s break down the first hour of the night shift... With thanks to the following for creating the locations seen in this video: Control Room 4 – Hydroproject. https://discord.gg/VYFSZ2Z3gM Control Room 3 – Unit Three https://discord.gg/unit3 Exterior – Gherkinbeans https://discord.gg/QKUzyb5KPD With thanks to Bobby and Sredmash for reviewing the scripts.

The time is midnight, April 25th, 1986. A pleasant warm Friday in the northern region of the Kyiv oblast. And in a little over 25 hours, this scene will be changed forever. Tomorrow, the fourth reactor of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant will explode, two dying due to the explosion, and another twenty-nine succumbing to radiation related illnesses. The total number of deaths can only be estimated in the thousands. But how did Chernobyl explode? Let us follow that story along. With thanks to the following for creating the locations seen in this video: Control Room 4 – Hydroproject. https://discord.gg/VYFSZ2Z3gM Control Room 3 – Unit Three https://discord.gg/unit3 Exterior – Gherkinbeans https://discord.gg/QKUzyb5KPD With thanks to Bobby and Sredmash for reviewing the scripts.

Before we can properly analyse the events that befell the fourth reactor of Chernobyl Unit Four in the early hours of April 26th, 1986, we must first understand the context, the first few steps of the path. This of course begins with the now infamous turbine rundown programme, or the “experiment” that the operators were performing that night. Let us examine how the first few links in the chain of disaster were made.

Before the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant existed, there was a power struggle. A struggle between engineers and politicians, scientists and engineers. And at the center of it all, the rise of a reactor type that would go on to be the most infamous of them all. This is the first half of that story. This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1m05-XEdAITEZLCJyYJjwZ5CzQFCRucpl/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true

The person steering Chernobyl Unit Four to its scheduled shutdown on the night of April 26th, 1986, was not Anatoly Dyatlov, as considered by many, but the Shift Supervisor Aleksandr Akimov. It was he who made many of the difficult decisions that night, all of which culminated in the explosion and race to prevent a worse accident from occurring, ultimately costing his life. But who was Akimov, really? Was he the easily swayed man depicted in the HBO TV miniseries, the complete opposite, or somewhere in between? I’ll let you be the judge of this. The background art in the thumbnail of this video is the "Shipwreck of The Chernobyl Titanic" by Alexey Breus, who was present in the Control Room the morning after the explosion.

Chernobyl was entirely preventable, that much is true. But the subject of what the operators and those in charge could have actually done to save the reactor, going back years before the explosion actually occurred that night has not been touched on by many. So, let’s turn back the clock and look at some of the simpler decisions that could have been made in the years, months, and days, hours and seconds, before 01:23:48, that would have shifted us into a world where Chernobyl did not explode... 00:00 Introduction 00:35 Don't shorten the graphite displacers 02:30 Complete the safety upgrades 04:02 Don't do the rundown 05:28 Don't delay the rundown 06:54 Don't send the nuclear physics laboratory home 08:27 Don't leave Toptunov alone at the controls 09:47 Don't spike the feedwater flow rate 10:51 Don't mix up the test timing 12:11 Don't press the AZ-5 button 13:26 Conclusion

Stellan Skarsgård gained critical acclaim for his portrayal of Boris Yevdokimovich Shcherbina in the 2019 HBO Chernobyl TV series, a tough and imposing man, very self-confident and moulded by the Communist Party. But the show doesn’t touch on the backstory that turned him into such a person, nor focuses on the specifics of how he worked in the liquidation, so let’s explore that story today. Sources Boris Shcherbina – book. Midnight in Chernobyl From Chernobyl to Fukushima

Let’s take a trip across the world, from Chernobyl to America, for a change, and another interesting and unique story, taking place in Texas. The man at the centre of this story is one Kerry Andrus Crocker, born in 1931. Now, Crocker had what we will call a happy start to life, he got married in 1955, had two sons and in May of 1970 he… got divorced. Crocker did not take this well, of course, but what he did was by far the worst options for the matter...

The final chain of events that ultimately led to the explosion of Chernobyl Unit Four in 1986 were set in motion when Leonid Toptunov pressed the AZ-5 button. However, let’s envision a scenario where Akimov doesn’t order Toptunov to shut down the reactor, and instead tells him to wait for some unknown reason. That doesn’t matter. Let’s instead look at this scenario, because there are actually two diverging opinions here. Sources INSAG-7 The Chornobyl Accident Revisited Multidimensional Analysis of the Chernobyl Accident INSAG-1 Turbine Rundown Programme Accidont.ru

The lives that Chernobyl has impacted do not begin and end with the operators or the scientists that dominate the story. Some of these people seemed to fall in the background, considered mere bodies by the entire world, even though the work they did and sacrifices they made brought an end to the danger of the Chernobyl catastrophe. I would like to tell the story of just one of these men, whom I have come into contact with recently and wishes to remain anonymous. Image credits: Авторство: Mil.gov.ua, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=63205611 Billyhill, CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

In the last video, I mentioned that I wondered what might have happened to my YouTube channel if Chernobyl never exploded. A few people commented I might have become That Fukushima Guy or That Windscale Guy. But what if this was actually the case? What if Chernobyl hadn’t exploded that night? How would the world have changed from where it is today? The more I thought about this subject, the more interesting it became.

This video uses the WIP Hydroproject Control Room as footage. You can view the map here: https://www.roblox.com/games/15392801739/Chernobyl-NPP-Unit-4-Control-Room-Testing It is a little-known fact that the SKALA computer system operates on a one second delay; the DREG computer system does not. This means that the infamous time of 01:23:40 being when the AZ-5 button was pressed is factually incorrect. The computers actually recorded it at 01:23:39. But this is not the subject of today’s video. Our subject stays focused on the data recorded around this time, and the subtle data input two seconds later. At 01:23:41, a second AZ signal is input, however the last number has been lost due to the power outage that occurred when the reactor exploded. This begs the question: was this the AZ-5 button being pressed for a second time? If so, why? Today we will explore another Chernobyl mystery: the AZ-5 Double Press.

The game is available at this link: https://radiointeractive.itch.io/chornobyl Today I am playing a new game focused on the Chernobyl Disaster, in which you assume the role of a worker who found himself caught up in the disaster, marching to his inevitable fate. Hear my opinions as we explore this short game by Radiointeractive Studios.

The official reports into the Chernobyl Disaster cover a large amount of information surrounding the fateful events that led to the world's worst nuclear disaster. However, these papers still miss key details pointed out by others that dramatically alter the story even scientists have come to expect. These are Chernobyl's Unanswered Questions. One single violation of the operating instructions pertinent to the disaster has stuck since the beginning – the Operating Reactivity Margin expressed in number of effective control rods present in the core dropping under the minimum permissible value of 15. As by now you wouldn’t be surprised in the slightest to learn there is a lot of funny business going on in this topic. The contextual lies and misrepresentations of the ORM belong in a different video. In this video we will focus on an unanswered question – what was the ORM at the pressing of AZ-5? As the positive scram effect that initiated the destruction of the reactor is partly attributed to a low ORM in violation of the operating instructions its value at the time of the shutdown button press is a central question, one that should not be unanswered (and even unknown as a point of controversy) some nearly 40 years after the disaster. The obscurity may be deliberate. This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1m05-XEdAITEZLCJyYJjwZ5CzQFCRucpl/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true Sources HBO Chernobyl INSAG-7 Anatoly Dyatlov - How It Was. INSAG-1 The Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and its Consequences On the development of the RBMK-1000 project (A.N. Rumyantsev). Data Collected by Victor Dmitriev, accidont.ru The Chornobyl Accident Revisited https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqD0OpOF1Oo Chernobyl: Revenge of the Peaceful Atom Anatoly Dyatlov - Why INSAG has Still got it Wrong Computational Analysis of the initial stage of the accident at the Chernobyl' atomic power plant ДИНАМИКА ЯДЕРНОГО РЕАКТОРА С РАСПРЕДЕЛЕННЫМИ ПАРАМЕТРАМИ В ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ ПЕРЕХОДНЫХ РЕЖИМОВ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ВВЭР и РБМК Minutes of CC CPSU Politburo Session (Anatoly S. Chernyaev notes)

Independence Day, 1976. A day of celebration for hundreds of millions of American citizens. But for those paying attention to the radios, it was equally a day of concern. On dozens of radio stations, those operating on the 3-30 MHz range, an unusual clicking sound emerged out of the blue, disrupting both civilian and military channels. For the next thirteen years, this sound would plague radio broadcasts, and then it would disappear. This is, of course, the interference of the Duga Radar Arrays. One of these arrays happened to be just a few kilometres from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and sits abandoned today. Let’s trace the story of this gigantic structure to the present day, and see what future awaits it. Sources. The Russian Woodpecker. https://fakty.ua/100838-vsevidyacshee-oko-sverhsekretnogo-obekta-quot-chernobyl-2-quot-fiksirovalo-uchebnye-zapuski-amerikanskih-raket-starty-quot-shattlov-quot-i-dazhe-meteority https://digitall-angell.livejournal.com/377132.html https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/russia/1996/drsov084_g_96003.htm https://www.qsl.net/n1irz/woodpeck.html Chapters: 00:00 - Introduction 01:05 - Early ideas 02:11 - The First Duga 02:48 - How does Duga work? 03:22 - The Final Form 03:53 - Chernobyl's Duga 05:13 - Chernobyl 2 06:04 - The Rise of the Russian Woodpecker 07:20 - Radio Enthusiasts vs The Woodpecker 07:44 - Did it work? 08:44 - Krug 09:43 - Challenger 10:07 - A Night in April 11:05 - The First Liquidators 11:46 - Saving Duga 12:41 - Farewell Woodpecker 12:57 - Saving Duga Again 13:45 - Conspiracies 14:02 - The Other Other Duga 14:45 - Conclusion 15:33 - Sources

After the explosion of Unit Four at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in April of 1986, the remains of what was once one of the most advanced nuclear reactors in the Soviet Union lay scattered. Some landed on the ground close to the building and was enclosed in the Cascade Wall. However, a lot of the fuel and graphite also landed on the roofs of the Vent Block and Unit Three. The Soviet Union, desperate to restart the three remaining reactors at Chernobyl as soon as possible, wanted to cover the destroyed reactor, and this meant removing all of this waste. Humans were not the first choice; to preserve lives, they turned to robots. Of all these machines, one of them is known by name far more than the others, and that is the Joker Robot. This is the story of the little robot that met its fate on the roof of the Nuclear Power Plant, from beginning to end. Chapters. 00:00: Introduction. 01:00: 1974. 01:25: The MF-2. 02:28: Becoming Joker. 03:05 The Roofs of Another World. 03:37: Saviour. 04:02: Samoylenko vs the USSR. 05:10: Onto The Roof. 05:55: They Didn't See A Joke. 06:15: Death of a Robot. 06:29: Rescue Operation. 06:56: 3,828. 07:34: In the Corner. 08:08: Buryakivka. 08:47: Ending. 09:08: Dedications and Sources.

Every reactor at Chernobyl suffered some sort of unique accident. Unit One had its partial meltdown in 1982. Unit Two had the turbine fire and subsequent explosion in 1991, and the crown jewel of them all, the reactor explosion inside Unit Four in 1986. You may have notice I’ve neglected Unit Three here, and that’s because it’s the subject of today’s video. This accident is so misunderstood, that the Wikipedia page only refers to it as the 1984 Reactor Three and Four accident, and while it is true it impacted Reactor Four, the effects there were minor and caught in time. For Unit Three, the consequences were almost catastrophic, and had lasting impacts on the building to this day. This is the story of that accident. Timestamps: 00:00: Introduction. 01:02: A Man Named Yuri. 01:32: Heavy Objects. 02:37: Reporting. 03:55 Can They Fix It? 05:12: What's going on? 07:18: They Can't Fix It. 07:48: They Fix It. 08:43: The Untold Stories. 10:01: Sources.

Stories tell of a creature seen in Point Pleasant, West Virginia, in the mid-1960s. Seven foot tall, a wingspan of ten feet and glowing red eyes, flying fast, at 100 miles an hour. Of course, I am talking about the Mothman, one of the world's most famous urban legends. The story surrounding this mythical entity seems to fall on what you believe the entity’s ultimate goals were. According to some, the collapse of the Silver Bridge the year after the disaster was foretold by the appearance of the Mothman, and it is either drawn to these disasters for its own pleasure or to warn mankind of the impending danger. This is not the only case of such warnings being attributed to the Mothman. In 1999, reported sightings of the Mothman occurred shortly before the Russian Apartment Bombings, the same in New York in 2001. And of course, the one that we’re interested in, the sightings in Chernobyl that occurred in the weeks leading up to the April 26th, 1986 disaster at Unit Four. This is the story of the Black Bird of Chernobyl, and the real truth behind it.

For people both new to learning about Chernobyl, and those familiar with the subject, it is a well-established fact that the Elephant’s Foot is the most radioactive single object in the entire Sarcophagus. But, as it seems to be with everything to do with Chernobyl, this is incorrect. The Elephant’s Foot is only in third place. The title of second most radioactive object instead goes to part of the vertical corium flow that entered the upper floors of the Bubbler Pools. It and the corium flow that continued beneath, both called The Heap, rival the Elephant’s Foot for title of most radioactive corium mass, but both are dwarfed by the monster corium mass that spawned the Heap and this video will seek to demonstrate how dangerous it and the Heap are, but also allow you to follow the journey I had writing this script where I learned a lot about the corium masses and how easily deceived we all are by the stories both online and in documentaries. Sources https://sredmash.wixsite.com/obektukritie The work of Aleksandr Kupnyi. https://www.youtube.com/@chernobyl86 The Chornobyl Accident Revisited BBC Horizons Sergei Koshelev NIKIET - Carrying Out Research Work at the SHELTER Facility Chapters 00:00 Introduction 01:07 What Counts as a corium mass? 03:41 The Elephant's Foot 07:22 The Heap(s) 10:05 The Most Radioactive Object in the Chernobyl Sarcophagus

For those of you with a keen eye, you may have noticed an unusual red vehicle lurking in the background of some videos and photos of Chernobyl. This is no fire engine, nor a vehicle of any Soviet model. It’s in fact a Mercedes-Benz truck, that through an unlucky series of events managed to find itself inside of Chernobyl Unit Four during the explosion. This is the story of the battle to save the vehicle, and the mystery of its ultimate fate. Sources: CHERNOBYL REALITY OF KHARKOV TURBINE WORKERS https://www.liveinternet.ru/users/rewiever/post151227804 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=um1-Ub5BGac Ablaze: The Story of Chernobyl. https://www.rcforum.ru/showthread.php?t=53195&page=71 Timestamps: 00:00 Introduction 00:34 A Tale of Two Sides 04:02 A Letter 06:16 Inferno 08:50 The Dust Settles 10:26 The Mystery 14:13 Outro and In Memory

This script was written by MinSredMash, make sure to check out his Blogspot about the events leading up to the Chernobyl Disaster: https://chernobylcritical.blogspot.com/ This channel spends a lot of time and energy combatting old myths and historical misconceptions about Chernobyl. But since Chernobyl is still making history, the past few years have seen new myths arise as well. If you were reading the news in February 2022, you might still believe two sensational stories about the Russian invasion. They were widely reported in the media, but then quietly debunked. Sources: https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/22/09/ukraine-2ndsummaryreport_sept2022.pdf https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X23001133?via=ihub https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317400817_Recent_safety_assessment_findings_on_management_of_legacy_wastes_from_Chornobyl_accident https://habr.com/ru/articles/658733/ https://habr.com/ru/companies/timeweb/articles/662726/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaqoP1Vcl7I https://www.wired.co.uk/article/chernobyl-radiation-spike-mystery https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/08/21/ukraine-spy-tour-group-russians/ Since this video releases on Christmas Eve... merry Christmas!

On September 30th, 1999, Hisashi Ouchi, Masato Shinohara and Yutaka Yokokawa found themselves at the centre of Japan's worst nuclear accident. The events leading up to and following those critical seconds at 10:35AM that bright morning would conclude with two of them dying, one sentenced to prison and the fall from grace of the Japanese nuclear power industry. But what actually happened is shrouded in lies and mystery, the voids of knowledge filled with fabrications to shock and scare. Tokaimura is by far controversial, with claims of human experimentation repeated across the Internet. This is not the case. This is the story of a government that failed its citizens, and the battle to save their lives among misguided hope. It has been more than two months since the Tokaimura Criticality Accident, and morale among the three medical teams each treating the three patients exposed to massive doses of neutron and gamma radiation is varied. One is expecting a release from hospital shortly, one is hoping their patient will make a full recovery, and one is expecting it all to end soon. The medical battle continues. Sources: The Criticality Accident in Tokaimura: Medical Aspects of Radiation Emergency. Case Presentation of Worker A. A Slow Death: 83 Days of Radiation Sickness. Daily 04/23 20:45 JCO criticality accident - The wife's earnest statement is read out by the Mito District Court: Another Story: Tokaimura Initial medical management of patients severely irradiated in the Tokai-mura criticality accident Follow-up of delayed health consequences of acute accidental radiation exposure. Lessons to be learned from their medical management http://www.seizanso.co.jp/present/19990930hibaku.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20030628122806fw_/http://www.geocities.com/bjorn_cedervall/japanese_victims.html LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE JCO NUCLEAR CRITICALITY ACCIDENT IN JAPAN IN 1999

The official reports into the Chernobyl Disaster cover a large amount of information surrounding the fateful events that led to the world's worst nuclear disaster. However, these papers still miss key details pointed out by others that dramatically alter the story even scientists have come to expect. These are Chernobyl's Unanswered Questions. One of the most misunderstood things in the chain of events leading to the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster is the power reduction below 700MW beginning at midnight. Countless claims have been made by Soviet officials, however the real reason could completely upend the tales of operator incompetence. Let's delve deep into that mystery. This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1m05-XEdAITEZLCJyYJjwZ5CzQFCRucpl/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true

Half Lives is a series dedicated to telling the stories of the people who were involved in history's nuclear accidents, from their birth, to the mishap, and their life following. These lives are often mixed up with lies, rumors and controversies. This is their true story. Anatoly Dyatlov was the Deputy Chief Engineer for Units Three and Four of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, and was involved in the April 26th, 1986 disaster, present in the Control Room at the time of the explosion. There are many fabrications about his actions, and he is generally portrayed as villain, however this episode of Half Lives covers the real story as he and other witnesses tell it, from his birth to his death. I hope you enjoy the video. Yes, the microphone is still not the best. I hope to have an actually good one soon. I really didn't expect the Chernobyl Iceberg Explained video to explode in popularity the way it has, and I am grateful to everyone who has watched it, nor did I expect the demand for more Chernobyl content. You wanted it, I hope you enjoy it. :) -That Chernobyl Guy. 25/09/2022.

Half Lives is a series dedicated to telling the stories of the people who were involved in history's nuclear accidents, from their birth, to the mishap, and their life following. These lives are often mixed up with lies, rumors and controversies. This is their true story. Thirty-one people are listed as direct deaths of the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster in 1986. They were not buried together; many, like Akimov and Toptunov, were buried in Moscow. Others, like Aleksandr Lelechenko, were given to their families - he was buried in Poltava, a small village in Ukraine. But one of them was never given an official burial; his body remains trapped under metres of concrete and rubble, within a vast structure known as the Sarcophagus. His name was Valery Khodemchuk, and he was the first victim of Chernobyl. I hope you enjoy the video.

On September 30th, 1999, Hisashi Ouchi, Masato Shinohara and Yutaka Yokokawa found themselves at the centre of Japan's worst nuclear accident. The events leading up to and following those critical seconds at 10:35AM that bright morning would conclude with two of them dying, one sentenced to prison and the fall from grace of the Japanese nuclear power industry. But what actually happened is shrouded in lies and mystery, the voids of knowledge filled with fabrications to shock and scare. Tokaimura is by far controversial, with claims of human experimentation repeated across the Internet. This is not the case. This is the story of a government that failed its citizens, and the battle to save their lives among misguided hope. As November dawned on Japan, the three workers exposed in the Tokaimura Criticality Accident continued to battle for their lives, as did the doctors and nurses treating them. The first month was over; the second month had now begun. Sources: The Criticality Accident in Tokaimura: Medical Aspects of Radiation Emergency. Case Presentation of Worker A. A Slow Death: 83 Days of Radiation Sickness. Daily 04/23 20:45 JCO criticality accident - The wife's earnest statement is read out by the Mito District Court: Another Story: Tokaimura Initial medical management of patients severely irradiated in the Tokai-mura criticality accident Follow-up of delayed health consequences of acute accidental radiation exposure. Lessons to be learned from their medical management http://www.seizanso.co.jp/present/19990930hibaku.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20030628122806fw_/http://www.geocities.com/bjorn_cedervall/japanese_victims.html LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE JCO NUCLEAR CRITICALITY ACCIDENT IN JAPAN IN 1999

The first photo taken of the Elephant's Foot ended up in a photo archive with the U.S. Department of Energy, along with a caption written by the curator. "The Russians" had told him that the image cost the life of its photographer, who died immediately of radiation sickness. Since then, this apocryphal tale has circled the English-speaking internet many times over, along with other fables to the effect that the corium mass is somehow still melting through concrete in the plant's basement (despite being located six meters above ground level while crumbling to dust). But the story is far different...

On the night of April 26th, 1986, as the fourth reactor building at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant burned, a plume of radioactive material ejected from the core of the reactor was carried west by the wind. Two people became immediate casualties of this plume: Katerina Ivanenko and Ivan Orlov. But the plume did not only cause immediate human damage; it left a wound on the face of the Earth, commonly referred to as The Red Forest. Thirty years later, the site of The Red Forest turned red again. This is that story, from beginning to end.

Of all the tragic stories of Chernobyl, few are as infamous as that of the Bridge of Death. Countless rumours have circulated on film, online and in print of the fate of the citizens of Pripyat, who heard of the explosion at Chernobyl Unit Four and rushed down to see it from the bridge over the Chernihiv–Ovruch railway, which connected to the Yaniv Station servicing Pripyat. Of those who went up onto the bridge that night, the rumours say, none of them survived. But the real story is both very different and equally different. This is the untold story of the Bridge of Death.

The official reports into the Chernobyl Disaster cover a large amount of information surrounding the fateful events that led to the world's worst nuclear disaster. However, these papers still miss key details pointed out by others that dramatically alter the story even scientists have come to expect. These are Chernobyl's Unanswered Questions. One of the least generally known yet most startling things about Chernobyl is that the Soviets collectively appear to have had trouble accurately understanding the coefficients of reactivity, in particular the void and consequently the power coefficients. In other words, they appear to have misunderstood what would happen to the power of the reactor if water progressively turned to steam within it. This deceptively simple matter appears to throw off even the different authors of INSAG-7, the International Atomic Energy Agency report that is the top source on the causes of Chernobyl. This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1m05-XEdAITEZLCJyYJjwZ5CzQFCRucpl/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true

On September 30th, 1999, Hisashi Ouchi, Masato Shinohara and Yutaka Yokokawa found themselves at the centre of Japan's worst nuclear accident. The events leading up to and following those critical seconds at 10:35AM that bright morning would conclude with two of them dying, one sentenced to prison and the fall from grace of the Japanese nuclear power industry. But what actually happened is shrouded in lies and mystery, the voids of knowledge filled with fabrications to shock and scare. Tokaimura is by far controversial, with claims of human experimentation repeated across the Internet. This is not the case. This is the story of a government that failed its citizens, and the battle to save their lives among misguided hope. The Tokaimura Criticality Accident is over. Volunteers have drained the water jacket surrounding the precipitation tank containing more than 16KG of highly enriched uranium, at risk to their health, and filled the tank with boric acid, removing the possibility of a second accident. With the active phase of the accident concluded, the focus shifted towards the three people in the immediate vicinity of the accident: Hisashi Ouchi, Masato Shinohara, and Yutaka Yokokawa. In the seconds after criticality, their health had been irreversibly damaged by the neutrons and gamma rays that pierced their bodies. Over the coming weeks, their bodies would manifest this damage. This is that story, month by month: the medical battle. Sources: The Criticality Accident in Tokaimura: Medical Aspects of Radiation Emergency. Case Presentation of Worker A. A Slow Death: 83 Days of Radiation Sickness. Daily 04/23 20:45 JCO criticality accident - The wife's earnest statement is read out by the Mito District Court: Another Story: Tokaimura Initial medical management of patients severely irradiated in the Tokai-mura criticality accident Follow-up of delayed health consequences of acute accidental radiation exposure. Lessons to be learned from their medical management http://www.seizanso.co.jp/present/19990930hibaku.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20030628122806fw_/http://www.geocities.com/bjorn_cedervall/japanese_victims.html Timestamps: 00:00. Introduction 01:04. A Matter of Respect 01:33. Transfer 04:04. Hisashi Ouchi: The Impossible Battle. 25:24. Masato Shinohara: Hopeful Days. 33:30. Yutaka Yokokawa: The Psychological War LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE JCO NUCLEAR CRITICALITY ACCIDENT IN JAPAN IN 1999

Almost everyone can agree on the events that unfolded at Chernobyl. It is established fact that 01:23:39, the AZ-5 button was pressed, and the control rods began to descend into the reactor. The graphite displacers attached to the bottom of the control rods displaced water in the lower 1.25 metres of the reactor, causing a sudden and dramatic increase in power at the bottom of the reactor. What nobody can agree on is what happened after 01:23:44 AM. Some form of explosion tore the building apart, but the nature of the explosion remains unknown. Countless theories have been suggested; these are just a few of them. This time, we are going to take a look at the most popular theory in the general public about what happened at Chernobyl; the idea that a hydrogen explosion occurred in the reactor, tearing the building apart. Various origins for the hydrogen have been proposed, and this was the version of the explosion used in the HBO miniseries. However, there are massive problems with this theory, to the point it might in fact be impossible. Therefore, today we are going to look at the hydrogen explosion and explore why it doesn’t work, and hopefully this might also teach you some physics and chemistry lessons along the way. SOURCES Радиоактивные лавы Чернобыля - https://www.trv-science.ru/2022/06/radioaktivnye-lavy-chernobylya/ HBO Chernobyl “Experiments on high temperature graphite and steam reactions under loss of coolant accident conditions,” “Production of hydrogen by direct thermal decomposition of water: Preliminary investigations” Accident Analysis for Nuclear Power Plants with Graphite Moderated Boiling Water RBMK Reactors “A different view on Chernobyl” – Nuclear Engineering International.

Many know of the disaster at Unit Four, putting the reactor out of commission. But fewer know of the disaster that put Unit Two out of commission, nor how serious that disaster almost became. This is that story; the story of the explosion of Unit Two and the desperate measures taken by the firefighters and Control Room operators. Timestamps: 00:00: Introduction. 00:26: From One Battle to Another. 03:41: Battling the Blaze 05:24: The Untold Battle 06:23: Farewell Unit Two

Almost everyone can agree on the events that unfolded at Chernobyl. It is established fact that 01:23:39, the AZ-5 button was pressed, and the control rods began to descend into the reactor. The graphite displacers attached to the bottom of the control rods displaced water in the lower 1.25 metres of the reactor, causing a sudden and dramatic increase in power at the bottom of the reactor. What nobody can agree on is what happened after 01:23:44 AM. Some form of explosion tore the building apart, but the nature of the explosion remains unknown. Countless theories have been suggested; these are just a few of them. This video is a much more scientific approach to the accident, and one from a world-famous Chernobyl physicist. Alexander Sich was the first US nuclear engineer to have the opportunity to go to Chernobyl to examine the accident, spending more than 18 months in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, recreating the events that occurred in the reactor and the ten days following. These findings were published in his thesis, Chornobyl: Accident Revisited. This theory of the explosion is generally regarded as one of the best, and so I thought that people might be interested in hearing how many scientists agree that the explosion occurred, and the buildup inside the reactor beforehand, and therefore we will be examining Sich’s theory of the accident today.

Few moments in the story of the liquidation of Chernobyl are as well known as the helicopter crash of October 2nd, 1986. It is to the point that, in the HBO miniseries, the creators of the show moved it from October to April 27th just so they could include a recreation of the shot in their show and use it to highlight the dangers of flying into the radioactive emissions emanating from Reactor Four. I want to talk today, this video releasing on the 37th anniversary of the crash, about the victims of the crash, and to bring their story to light. Timestamps: 00:00: Introduction. 00:37: From One Battle to Another. 02:39: Cup-2. 05:54: Down in Flames. 09:11: Eternal Legacy.

On September 30th, 1999, Hisashi Ouchi, Masato Shinohara and Yutaka Yokokawa found themselves at the centre of Japan's worst nuclear accident. The events leading up to and following those critical seconds at 10:35AM that bright morning would conclude with two of them dying, one sentenced to prison and the fall from grace of the Japanese nuclear power industry. But what actually happened is shrouded in lies and mystery, the voids of knowledge filled with fabrications to shock and scare. Tokaimura is by far controversial, with claims of human experimentation repeated across the Internet. This is not the case. This is the story of a government that failed its citizens, and the battle to save their lives among misguided hope. The time is 10:35AM. The precipitation tank inside the JCO fuel enrichment facility had gone critical. Neutrons, the most powerful form of radiation, had blasted out of the precipitation tank into the bodies of Hisashi Ouchi and Masato Shinohara. Gamma rays, rays of ionising radiation, were projected out of the building in all directions, covering the entire site and into the houses that sat just a couple hundred metres away. The Tokaimura Criticality Accident is at its height. The next few hours will be just as critical in halting the tragic chaos.

On September 30th, 1999, Hisashi Ouchi, Masato Shinohara and Yutaka Yokokawa found themselves at the centre of Japan's worst nuclear accident. The events leading up to and following those critical seconds at 10:35AM that bright morning would conclude with two of them dying, one sentenced to prison and the fall from grace of the Japanese nuclear power industry. But what actually happened is shrouded in lies and mystery, the voids of knowledge filled with fabrications to shock and scare. Tokaimura is by far controversial, with claims of human experimentation repeated across the Internet. This is not the case. This is the story of a government that failed its citizens, and the battle to save their lives among misguided hope. Like many nuclear accidents of the past, the Tokaimura Criticality Accident was not a spontaneous event that occurred due to the mistakes of three men in a small room. The events that led to the accident began thirty years before Hisashi Ouchi, Masato Shinohara and Yutaka Yokokawa entered the Conversion Test Building. Mistakes by the management were made; mistakes by the Japanese government were made. And a major warning of the hazards of more than a decade of safety culture was created. Let us take a journey along this path and follow the countdown to Tokaimura.

On September 30th, 1999, Hisashi Ouchi, Masato Shinohara and Yutaka Yokokawa found themselves at the centre of Japan's worst nuclear accident. The events leading up to and following those critical seconds at 10:35AM that bright morning would conclude with two of them dying, one sentenced to prison and the fall from grace of the Japanese nuclear power industry. But what actually happened is shrouded in lies and mystery, the voids of knowledge filled with fabrications to shock and scare. Tokaimura is by far controversial, with claims of human experimentation repeated across the Internet. This is not the case. This is the story of a government that failed its citizens, and the battle to save their lives among misguided hope. Half Lives is a series dedicated to telling the stories of the people who were involved in history's nuclear accidents, from their birth, to the mishap, and their life following. These lives are often mixed up with lies, rumors and controversies. This is their true story. Hisashi Ouchi, Masato Shinohara and Yutaka Yokokawa were close friends before the accident, working at the JCO facility. In just a few short months, the trio would find themselves thrusted into an uncertain role, with no guidance and only their own lacking education to support them. This culminated in Japan's worst nuclear accident before Fukushima.

Hello everyone! This video is a bit different; I accidentally came across a Facebook group where everyone posted a lot of funny memes. Given that the next videos are going to focus directly on some distressing and dark content, I have decided to upload this much more light-hearted one. I hope everyone enjoys the memes as much as I did.

Almost everyone can agree on the events that unfolded at Chernobyl. It is established fact that 01:23:39, the AZ-5 button was pressed, and the control rods began to descend into the reactor. The graphite displacers attached to the bottom of the control rods displaced water in the lower 1.25 metres of the reactor, causing a sudden and dramatic increase in power at the bottom of the reactor. What nobody can agree on is what happened after 01:23:44 AM. Some form of explosion tore the building apart, but the nature of the explosion remains unknown. Countless theories have been suggested; these are just a few of them. This theory is by far the strangest theory I have encountered so far, and does away with the universally accepted INSAG-7 version of events, where the stability of the reactor is replaced by a rapid surge in power due to the graphite displacers. Today we will look at earthquake theory, and the conspiracy theory that surrounds it.

I mentioned I had a large upcoming project. This is it. On September 30th, 1999, Hisashi Ouchi, Masato Shinohara and Yutaka Yokokawa found themselves at the centre of Japan's worst nuclear accident. The events leading up to and following those critical seconds at 10:35AM that bright morning would conclude with two of them dying, one sentenced to prison and the fall from grace of the Japanese nuclear power industry. But what actually happened is shrouded in lies and mystery, the voids of knowledge filled with fabrications to shock and scare. Tokaimura is by far controversial, with claims of human experimentation repeated across the Internet. This is not the case. This is the story of a government that failed its citizens, and the battle to save their lives among misguided hope. Beginning September... Music by Marxmane. https://marxmane.bandcamp.com/

The official reports into the Chernobyl Disaster cover a large amount of information surrounding the fateful events that led to the world's worst nuclear disaster. However, these papers still miss key details pointed out by others that dramatically alter the story even scientists have come to expect. These are Chernobyl's Unanswered Questions. Today, we will be examining how the so-called series of violations presented at Vienna were almost unexceptional events in the operation of an RBMK reactor, and if a simple act of modifying the control rods to improve the safety of the reactors, an event almost entirely forgotten in the history of the RBMK reactors, may have been one of the key factors that led to the world's worst nuclear disaster. This script was written by Bobby, who has also crafted an incredible history paper exploring how misinformation and disinformation continues to impact the story of Chernobyl. You can read it here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1m05-XEdAITEZLCJyYJjwZ5CzQFCRucpl/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=117414224576413906284&rtpof=true&sd=true Timestamps: 00:00 - Introduction 00:44 - The positive power coefficient 02:11 - The positive void coefficient 03:13 - The power level and the ORM 05:55 - The sub-cooling of the reactor. 06:45 - The conundrum 07:06 - The 1980 Dollezhal Book 08:22 - The 2003 Kurchatov History Book 09:59 - Shortening the control rods 10:56 - The significance of 25-30cm 11:23 - The possibility 11:56 - Why has this not been further examined? 13:16 - Contradictions in history 13:54 - Alexander Rumyantsev 15:31 - Rumyantsev's biggest allegation 16:16 - Conclusion 16:36 - Credits

This script was written by MinSredMash, make sure to check out his Blogspot about the events leading up to the Chernobyl Disaster: https://chernobylcritical.blogspot.com/ The most popular documentaries, books and TV shows understandably contain a lot of criticism for the Soviet Union’s handling of Chernobyl. After all, they managed to blow up a nuclear reactor and then lie about it. In the case of the HBO miniseries, many in Russia and Ukraine have complained that the show rises to the level of anti-Soviet propaganda. But few people realize just how much pro-Soviet misinformation about Chernobyl still gets repeated in popular media today. In rough chronological order, here are Moscow’s top 10 deliberate falsehoods that people continue to fall for!

It's about time... for the final time! As today we finally complete the last three layers of the iceberg. More than a year in the making, and now we are here. Make sure to check out parts one and two, and if you enjoy make sure to like and subscribe! Timestamps: 00:00 - Introduction 00:42 - Layer Eight 13:37 - Layer Nine 29:44 - Layer Ten

It's about time... again. Sorry this video is late; I have had a busy schedule this past week, but at least the timing couldn't be better, as today is the one year anniversary of the original Chernobyl Iceberg Explained. This time, we delve below the iceberg part of the iceberg chart, and cover more than 120 entries in Layers Four to Seven. Part three will hopefully be released within a week or so, dependent on how busy I am. As a side note: thank you to each and every one of you who helped with growing my channel as big as it is today. Timestamps: 00:00 - Introduction 00:53 - Layer Four 20:31 - Layer Five 32:00 - Layer Six 43:00 - Layer Seven.

It's about time! This is part one of the iceberg, detailing layers 1 to 3. As you can see, this iceberg is a lot bigger than last time. There are 100 entries in this part - how many do you know? Timestamps: 00:00 - Introduction 01:15 - Layer One 13:44 - Layer Two 27:00 - Layer Three

Chernobyl Oddities is a series focused on the strange and unknown objects and locations in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. The Exclusion Zone is both very documented and undocumented at the same time, with areas such as Pripyat receiving much attention, and other areas receiving none. This series examines those areas that have received little to none. The Sarcophagus is filled with many strange objects have accumulated niche interests in their stories, some more popular than others. I decided to string all of them together so that everyone can appreciate the very depths of the community and the oddest stories that flood the Sarcophagus. From mops to chairs to buttons, this video has it all.

There are many questions with no definitive answers when it comes to Chernobyl. This is just one of them. Many people have claimed to have taken the first photo of Chernobyl, but what is the definitive answer to this question? It's a question that follows a story of heroism, lies and, ultimately, death. And, perhaps most intriguingly, the answer to this question may be unanswered to the public, with the first image not available. How do we know this? You'll have to wait until the end of the video to find out.

In the race to harness the power of the atom, Germany was initially hampered by setback after setback, be it lack of resources or the loss of scientists. It was in Germany that the world's first nuclear accident occurred, in a small spherical setup dubbed "Leipzig L-IV." This is the story of how close Germany got to beating the American team to achieving the world's first criticality, how close the experiment reached to causing one of the world's worst nuclear disasters, and how it ended in an explosive scene.

Perevozchenko's Run is perhaps one of the most famous myths of Chernobyl, testing the very limits of human biology. Countless sources claim that the thirty-nine-year-old engineer saw the caps of the reactor lid bouncing up and down, and ran to the Control Room to warn his colleagues. But how fast did he actually run for this to be true? Today, we will be looking at that very question, and the answer is a lot higher than I originally guessed when I first calculated the route.

Half Lives is a series dedicated to telling the stories of the people who were involved in history's nuclear accidents, from their birth, to the mishap, and their life following. These lives are often mixed up with lies, rumors and controversies. This is their true story. Nikolai Fomin was the Chief Engineer of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant on the night of April the 26th, later arrested for his role in the accident. Today, he is the only living member of the three senior members of the Nuclear Power Plant found guilty of the accident. But Fomin's life was plagued from beginning to end by poor health, both mentally and physically, and both as a result of himself and others. It is a story of tragedy, concealed by the lies of Chernobyl, in doing so making him the forgotten victim. I hope you enjoy the video.

Half Lives is a series dedicated to telling the stories of the people who were involved in history's nuclear accidents, from their birth, to the mishap, and their life following. These lives are often mixed up with lies, rumors and controversies. This is their true story. Viktor Bryukhanov was the director of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant from the first concrete panel until the month after the explosion, responsible for the construction and operation of the facility as well as the satellite city of Pripyat. Bryukhanov's life started as the son of a glazier and cleaner, and he rose from such humble beginnings to become one of the most influential men in nuclear history; this is the story of how he rose and how he fell much further than he could have imagined. I hope you enjoy the video.

Half Lives is a series dedicated to telling the stories of the people who were involved in history's nuclear accidents, from their birth, to the mishap, and their life following. These lives are often mixed up with lies, rumors and controversies. This is their true story. Leonid Toptunov was the Senior Reactor Control Engineer (SIUR) for Unit Four on the fifth shift, the shift that oversaw the turbine rundown ultimately leading to the destruction of Unit Four. Unbeknownst to many, it was in fact Toptunov who pressed the infamous AZ-5 button that night. But how, at just twenty-five-years-old, did he reach such a position, and how was his life ultimately stolen by his own sacrifice? Is Toptunov ultimately guilty for the explosion as many believe? This video examines his story from beginning to end and more, to determine whether or not this guilt is warranted. I hope you enjoy the video.

Chernobyl Oddities is a series focused on the strange and unknown objects and locations in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. The Exclusion Zone is both very documented and undocumented at the same time, with areas such as Pripyat receiving much attention, and other areas receiving none. This series examines those areas that have received little to none. The Elephant's Foot is by far the most famous of all the corium masses throughout the Sarcophagus, however the precise information about its discovery, research and ultimate fate remains untold to the general public. This video examines all points, as well as some interesting trivia about some of the people famous for their involvement with the Elephant's Foot, and the objects close by. 00:00 - Introduction 00:32 - From the Ashes 01:33 - December, 1986 03:38 - 1987 05:07 - 1990 05:50 - Artur Korneev 07:58 - Bitter Dust 10:11 - Trivia

Chernobyl Oddities is a series focused on the strange and unknown objects and locations in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. The Exclusion Zone is both very documented and undocumented at the same time, with areas such as Pripyat receiving much attention, and other areas receiving none. This series examines those areas that have received little to none. The Claw of Death may be a notable tourist attraction, but its history, present and future remains shrouded in mystery. This episode of Chernobyl Oddities examines its origins, from halfway across Europe to its final resting place.

I have remastered this video so the audio is actually understandable It can be viewed at this link: https://youtu.be/N4YUoRH3z-Y Half Lives is a series dedicated to telling the stories of the people who were involved in history's nuclear accidents, from their birth, to the mishap, and their life following. These lives are often mixed up with lies, rumors and controversies. This is their true story. Anatoly Dyatlov was the Deputy Chief Engineer for Units Three and Four of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, and was involved in the April 26th, 1986 disaster, present in the Control Room at the time of the explosion. There are many fabrications about his actions, and he is generally portrayed as villain, however this episode of Half Lives covers the real story as he and other witnesses tell it, from his birth to his death. I hope you enjoy the video. Yes, the microphone is still not the best. I hope to have an actually good one soon. I really didn't expect the Chernobyl Iceberg Explained video to explode in popularity the way it has, and I am grateful to everyone who has watched it, nor did I expect the demand for more Chernobyl content. You wanted it, I hope you enjoy it. :) -That Chernobyl Guy. 25/09/2022.

Hello! I guess you somehow found this! Thanks for watching, I guess. This contains a lot of random information about the Chernobyl Disaster that I thought was worth talking about, at least briefly. Chapters. 00:00 - Introduction. 00:55 - Layer One. 05:43 - Layer Two. 13:35 - Layer Three. 20:30 - Layer Four. 27:31 - Layer Five. 32:34 - Layer Six. 40:25 - Layer Seven. 49:42 - Layer Eight. 59:10 - Layer Nine. 01:08:40 - Layer Ten. 01:16:16 - Ending and Credits.