🥑 Compare news coverage. Spot media bias. Avoid algorithms. Try Ground News today and get 40% off your subscription by going to https://ground.news/practicalengineering An overview of the Taum Sauk pumped storage facility, the failure of its upper reservoir in 2005, and the rebuilding process. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-the-wild-story-of-the-taum-sauk-dam-failure Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Ground News. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios Aerial Photography by STL From Above (https://www.instagram.com/stl_from_above)

Sand: a treatise... 🌌Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/Practical-Engineering 🚆Watch The Logistics of X: https://nebula.tv/thelogisticsofx?ref=practical-engineering There’s a lot changing in the construction industry, and a lot of growth in the need for materials like sand and gravel. But I don’t think it’s fair to say the world is running out of those materials. We’re just more aware of all the costs involved in procuring them, and hopefully taking more account for how they affect our future and the environment. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-is-the-world-really-running-out-of-sand Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Nebula. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

A few interesting stories about digital security for infrastructure 📰Compare news coverage. Spot media bias. Try Ground News today and get 40% off your subscription by going to https://ground.news/practicalengineering Digital systems interact with every aspect of our daily lives and basic needs: water, electricity, sanitation, public health, transportation, and more can all be seriously disrupted by someone or some group, anywhere in the world, if we let our guard down. With great computer power comes great computer responsibility. And just because many of these industrial control systems are only used or understood by a small number of people, security through obscurity just isn’t realistic anymore. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-when-infrastructure-gets-hacked Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Ground News. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

There's a lot that goes into them! 🌌Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/Practical-Engineering 🚆Watch The Logistics of X: https://nebula.tv/thelogisticsofx?ref=practical-engineering Of course, we have a lot of room for improvement in how we think about and manage solid waste in this world. Landfills seem like an environmental blight, but really, properly designed ones play a huge role in making sure waste products don’t end up in our soil or air or water. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-the-hidden-engineering-of-landfills Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Nebula. Thanks to Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts for sharing footage and photos of Puente Hills Landfill. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images and Shutterstock. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

Are highway interchanges bigger in Texas? 🌎Get Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ https://nordvpn.com/engineeringvpn It’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee. Massive highway interchanges are a nice reminder of our capacity for grand designs and ambitious projects, even if they might not always be the best solutions. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-why-are-texas-interchanges-texas-so-tall Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by NordVPN. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images and Shutterstock. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

An overview of subsurface drains 🌌Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/Practical-Engineering 🚐Catch The Getaway as it comes out: https://nebula.tv/getaway?ref=practical-engineering Whether you’re trying to protect a multi-million dollar structure or just keep your basement dry, subsurface drains get the water out without getting the soil out too. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-how-french-drains-work Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Nebula. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Voice of Henry French by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

The 1937 New London School Explosion 💻 Use code practicalengineering to get an exclusive 60% off an annual Incogni plan: https://incogni.com/practicalengineering Correction: Tyler is west of New London, not east. Natural gas is one of the most important resources on the planet right now. It’s driven countless innovations that benefit nearly everyone in a huge variety of ways. And so, even if you had never heard of New London, Texas before now, you can feel fairly confident that, all these decades later, you’ve also benefited in some way from the hard lessons learned there in 1937. Thanks to Michael Wereschagin for sharing his expertise and research for this story. Check out his book on the New London School explosion here: https://wereschagin.com/about Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-when-natural-gas-had-no-smell Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Incogni. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

An overview of the different types of pile foundations and how they work. 🌌Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/Practical-Engineering 🚐Catch The Getaway as it comes out: https://nebula.tv/getaway?ref=practical-engineering Bridge substructures are among the strongest engineered systems on the planet. And yet, bridge foundations are built in some of the least ideal places for heavy loading. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-why-dont-bridges-sink Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Nebula. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

Why Fern Hollow Bridge collapsed 🪒 Go to https://bit.ly/3CWiWJP and enter "PRACTICALENGINEERING" at checkout to get 100 free blades with your purchase. This is a crazy case study of how common sense can fall through the cracks of strained budgets and rigid oversight from federal, state, and city staff. And the lessons that came out of it aren’t just relevant to people who work on bridges. It's a story of how numerous small mistakes by individuals can collectively lead to a tragedy. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-this-bridge-should-have-been-closed-years-before-it-collapsed Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Henson. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, and Associated Press. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

What the heck is power factor? 🌌Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/Practical-Engineering 🚢Watch the next season of Jet Lag: https://nebula.tv/jetlag?ref=practical-engineering Geomagnetic storms aren’t the only thing that can make the grid behave in funny ways. There are devices even in your own home that force the grid to produce power and move it through the system, even though they aren’t even consuming it. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-the-most-confusing-part-of-the-power-grid Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Nebula. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

See some cool bridges, learn some new words! 📰Compare news coverage. Spot media bias. Try Ground News today and get 40% off your subscription by going to https://ground.news/practicalengineering Errata: At 9:25, Edmonton is in Alberta, not Saskatchewan. Without listing every bridge, there’s no true way to list every type of bridge. There’s too much nuance, creativity, and mixing and matching designs. But that’s part of the joy of paying attention to bridges. Once you understand the basics, you can start to puzzle out the more interesting details. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-every-kind-of-bridge-explained-in-15-minutes Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Ground News. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

An overview of vessel collision design with help from @RoadGuyRob 🌌Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/Practical-Engineering 🚢Watch The Logistics of Commercial Fishing: https://nebula.tv/videos/wendover-the-logistics-of-commercial-fishing?ref=practical-engineering Errata: The annual collapse probability is compared to rolling a Yahtzee on the first throw when it should have been rolling a Yahtzee *of a specific number* in a single throw. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-why-ships-collapse-bridges Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Nebula. Special Guest: @RoadGuyRob Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images and Shutterstock. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

A lot of the interesting challenges with renewables are happening behind the scenes. 🌌Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/Practical-Engineering 🎈Watch The Balloon Escape: https://nebula.tv/videos/neo-the-balloon-escape?ref=practical-engineering We’re in the growing pains stage right now, working out the bugs that these new types of energy generation create, but if you pay attention to what’s happening in the industry, it’s mostly good news. A lot of people from all sides of the industry are working really hard on these engineering challenges so that we’ll soon come out with a more reliable, sustainable, and resilient grid on the other end. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-connecting-solar-to-the-grid-is-harder-than-you-think Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Nebula. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

🐟How fish get past a dam! 📰Compare news coverage. Spot media bias. Avoid algorithms. Try Ground News today and get 40% off your subscription by going to https://ground.news/practicalengineering Everyone has a different perspective about what it means for humanity to live harmoniously with all the other life we share the planet with. I think it’s fascinating how those ideas and endeavors trickle down through engineering into the real world. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-how-fish-ladders-work Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Keefer, Matthew et. al. 2021: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8412358/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Ground News. Special thanks to @PNNL and USACE, Walla Walla District Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

⚡A few of the complexities involved in managing a mini power grid. 📰Compare news coverage. Spot media bias. Avoid algorithms. Try Ground News today and get 40% off your subscription by going to https://ground.news/practicalengineering Drawing the line between what’s worth the investment and what’s just gilding the electric lily is tough on such a small scale, multiplied by several islands, and with such a quickly growing portfolio of renewable energy sources. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-how-the-hawaiian-power-grid-works Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Ground News. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

An on-location primer on the science & engineering of getting fish around dams. 🌌Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/Practical-Engineering 🚆Watch Extremities: https://nebula.tv/extremities?ref=practical-engineering Special thanks to @PNNL and @WallaWallaUSACE for hosting us! All of our lives benefit in some way from this enormous control over Earth’s freshwater resources. But those benefits come at a cost, and the price isn’t just the dollars we’ve spent on the infrastructure but also the impacts dams have on the environment. This kind of balancing act is really at the heart of what a lot of engineering is all about. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-how-fish-survive-hydro-turbines Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Nebula. Special thanks to the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the US Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

I'm on location to document the installation of a water transmission line below two railroad tracks. 💡 Go to https://brilliant.org/PracticalEngineering for a 30-day free trial & the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual subscription. Huge thanks to our project partners! Owner: Crystal Clear Special Utility District General Contractor: ACP Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practicalconstruction-installing-a-water-main-below-railroad-tracks?ref=practical-engineering Practical Construction is a YouTube series dedicated to the built environment. The show builds on the success of Practical Engineering, one of the largest engineering channels on YouTube, with more than 3 million subscribers and monthly viewership in the millions. Hosted and produced by civil engineer Grady Hillhouse, Practical Construction videos provide thoughtful and engaging explanations of how the world is built (and maintained) around us. CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Brilliant. Created by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Script Editing by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Max Moser Music by Donovan Bullen Some music from Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com

Friction is the final frontier of vehicle/rail interaction! Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/practical-engineering Watch the latest Practical Construction episode now! https://nebula.tv/videos/practicalconstruction-installing-a-water-main-below-railroad-tracks?ref=practical-engineering A single modern diesel freight locomotive can deliver upwards of 50 tons of forward force (called tractive effort) into the rails, but it’s somehow able to do that through the tiny contact patches between two smooth and rigid surfaces. It’s just slick on slick. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-why-locomotives-dont-have-tires Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Nebula. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

Let's dive into the engineering and construction of the Channel Tunnel on its 30th anniversary. 💡 Go to https://brilliant.org/PracticalEngineering for a 30-day free trial & the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual subscription. It is a challenging endeavor to put any tunnel below the sea, and this monumental project faced some monumental hurdles. From complex cretaceous geology, to managing air pressure, water pressure, and even financial pressure, there are so many technical details I think are so interesting about this project. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-how-the-channel-tunnel-works Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Brilliant. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

How do they know when a train is on the way? 🌌Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/Practical-Engineering 🚆Watch Jet Lag: https://nebula.tv/jetlag?ref=practical-engineering Despite the hazard they pose, trains have to coexist with our other forms of transportation. Next time you pull up to a crossbuck, take a moment to appreciate the sometimes simple, sometimes high-tech, but always quite reliable ways that grade crossings keep us safe. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-how-railroad-crossings-work Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Nebula. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

One of my favorite civil engineering projects! 🌌Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/Practical-Engineering 🚆Watch "The Logistics of X": https://nebula.tv/thelogisticsofx?ref=practical-engineering The lean isn’t just a fascinating oddity; it is integral to the historical character of the tower. It’s a big part of why we care. Unlike the millions of photos of tourists pretending to hold the Pisa tower up, the contractors, restoration experts, and engineers actually did it (for the next few centuries, at least). Sources: The script is primarily based on the papers linked below. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13556207.2002.10785324 https://associazionegeotecnica.it/articoli_rig/electro-osmosis-to-stabilise-the-leaning-tower-of-pisa/ https://www.issmge.org/publications/publication/the-leaning-tower-of-pisa-end-of-an-odyssey Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-how-engineers-straightened-the-leaning-tower-of-pisa Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Nebula. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

A friendly overview of thermal effects on railways. 💡 Go to https://brilliant.org/PracticalEngineering for a 30-day free trial & the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual subscription. 🚆 Watch the entire railway series here: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTZM4MrZKfW-DUovVfoD_EfOwXTY1Zog5&si=Wc3am9N14wuNou16 Errata: At 9:00, the left column of calculations is incorrectly labeled "SI." It should be imperial. Whoops! Just as all materials have a mostly linear relationship between temperature change and length change, all materials also have a similar relationship between stress and change in length (often called strain). And this is part of the secret to continuous welded rail: restrained thermal expansion. You can overcome one with the other. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-why-railroads-dont-need-expansion-joints Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Brilliant. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

A civil engineer's tour of the ITER megaproject 📰 Ground News Black Friday Sale: Compare news coverage. Spot media bias. Join Ground News today to get 40% off unlimited access: https://ground.news/practicalengineering. Sale ends November 30. Watch Jade's @upandatom video here: https://youtu.be/A5RxUW7VC-A I don’t know much about superconducting coils or cyclotron resonance heating or breeder blankets, but I do know it takes a lot of earthwork and steel and concrete to build the biggest nuclear fusion reactor on earth. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-engineering-the-largest-nuclear-fusion-reactor Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Ground News. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Written and Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

A lot of the engineering decisions that get made in railroading have to do with energy. 🪒 Shave with a precision tool by Henson and get 100 blades free: https://bit.ly/3CWiWJP How does the rolling resistance of a 20-ton freight railcar compare to my little grocery hauler? 1977 Resistance Report: https://railroads.dot.gov/sites/fra.dot.gov/files/fra_net/15925/1977_RESISTANCE%20OF%20A%20FREIGHT%20TRAIN%20TO%20FORWARD%20MOTION.PDF Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-which-is-easier-to-pull-railcars-vs-road-cars Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Henson. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Written and Produced by Ralph Crewe Production Assistance from Josh Lorenz Graphics by Nebula Studios

The series finale of the new wastewater lift station. Hope you've enjoyed the ride! 🚧Watch this episode ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practicalconstruction-heavy-construction-of-a-sewage-pump-station-ep-5 🌌Not subscribed? Get 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/practicalconstruction Practical Construction Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTZM4MrZKfW92oUPMnzgn__3yttXvWnEY This is the final episode of a five-part pilot series to gauge your interest in "How It's Made"-esque heavy construction videos, so let me know what you think! Got an idea for an episode? Share it here: https://practical.engineering/location Huge thanks to our project partners! Owner: San Antonio River Authority (@SanAntonioRiver) Engineer: Utility Engineering Group General Contractor: MGC Contractors (@mgccontractors3304) Practical Construction is a YouTube channel dedicated to the built environment. The show builds on the success of @PracticalEngineeringChannel , one of the largest engineering channels on YouTube, with more than 3 million subscribers and monthly viewership in the millions. Hosted and produced by civil engineer Grady Hillhouse, Practical Construction videos provide thoughtful and engaging explanations of how the world is built (and maintained) around us. Credits: Created by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Camera Operator Josh Lorenz Script Editing by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Max Moser Music by Donovan Bullen Color Correction and Blurring by the Nebula Studios team Some music from Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator

A large part of engineering involves a tug-of-war between cost and safety. 🥑 Try Rocket Money for free: https://RocketMoney.com/practicalengineering Comparing costs and safety is an enormous challenge. On one side, you have dollars, and on the other, you have people. Sometimes you need a conversion factor. It sounds morbid, but it’s necessary for good decision-making to put a dollar price on the value of a human life. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-why-theres-a-legal-price-for-a-human-life Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Rocket Money. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Written and Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

I'm on location to document the construction of a new wastewater lift station! 🚧Watch the next episode on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practicalconstruction-heavy-construction-of-a-sewage-pump-station-ep-5 🌌Not subscribed? Get 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/practicalconstruction Practical Construction Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTZM4MrZKfW92oUPMnzgn__3yttXvWnEY This is the fourth episode of a five-part pilot series to gauge your interest in "How It's Made"-esque heavy construction videos, so let me know what you think! Got an idea for an episode? Share it here: https://practical.engineering/location Huge thanks to our project partners! Owner: San Antonio River Authority (@SanAntonioRiver) Engineer: Utility Engineering Group General Contractor: MGC Contractors (@mgccontractors3304) Practical Construction is a YouTube channel dedicated to the built environment. The show builds on the success of @PracticalEngineeringChannel , one of the largest engineering channels on YouTube, with more than 3 million subscribers and monthly viewership in the millions. Hosted and produced by civil engineer Grady Hillhouse, Practical Construction videos provide thoughtful and engaging explanations of how the world is built (and maintained) around us. Credits: Created by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Camera Operator Josh Lorenz Script Editing by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Max Moser Music by Donovan Bullen Color Correction and Blurring by the Nebula Studios team Some music from Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator

An overview of the wheel/rail interactions and part of the railway engineering series. 🥑 For 16 free meals with HelloFresh PLUS free shipping, use code PRACTICAL16 at https://bit.ly/3Ws1PYm! New subscriptions only. Varies by plan across 9 boxes. In the 19th century, railway engineering was all about how to build railroads. Modern rail engineering focuses on getting the most out of the system. It might not look like much when you see a train passing by, but a huge amount of research, testing, and engineering went into the shape of those rails and wheels. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-why-are-rails-shaped-like-that Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by HelloFresh. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Written and Produced by Ralph Crewe Production Assistance from Josh Lorenz Graphics by Nebula Studios

I'm on location to document the construction of a new wastewater lift station! 🚧Watch the next episode on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practicalconstruction-heavy-construction-of-a-sewage-pump-station-ep-4 🌌Not subscribed? Get 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/practicalconstruction Practical Construction Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTZM4MrZKfW92oUPMnzgn__3yttXvWnEY This is the third episode of a five-part pilot series to gauge your interest in "How It's Made"-esque heavy construction videos, so let me know what you think! Got an idea for an episode? Share it here: https://practical.engineering/location Huge thanks to our project partners! Owner: San Antonio River Authority (@SanAntonioRiver) Engineer: Utility Engineering Group General Contractor: MGC Contractors (@mgccontractors3304) Practical Construction is a YouTube channel dedicated to the built environment. The show builds on the success of @PracticalEngineeringChannel , one of the largest engineering channels on YouTube, with more than 3 million subscribers and monthly viewership in the millions. Hosted and produced by civil engineer Grady Hillhouse, Practical Construction videos provide thoughtful and engaging explanations of how the world is built (and maintained) around us. Credits: Created by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Camera Operator Josh Lorenz Script Editing by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Max Moser Music by Donovan Bullen Color Correction and Blurring by the Nebula Studios team Some music from Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator

How many of these cars have you spotted before? 🚗 Infrastructure Road Trip Bingo is on presale starting today! Pick one up at https://store.practical.engineering/ ✔️ Railcar checklist: https://practical.engineering/infrastructure-road-trip-bingo Trains are one of the most fascinating engineered systems in the world, and they’re out there, right in the open for anyone to have a look! Once you start paying attention, its pretty satisfying to look for all the different types of railcars that show up on the tracks. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-every-type-of-railcar-explained-in-15-minutes Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Pond5. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Written and Produced by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

I'm on location to document the construction of a new wastewater lift station! 🚧Watch the next episode on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practicalconstruction-heavy-construction-of-a-sewage-pump-station-ep-3 🌌Not subscribed? Get 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/practicalconstruction Practical Construction Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTZM4MrZKfW92oUPMnzgn__3yttXvWnEY This is the second episode of a five-part pilot series to gauge your interest in "How It's Made"-esque heavy construction videos, so let me know what you think! Got an idea for an episode? Share it here: https://practical.engineering/location Huge thanks to our project partners! Owner: San Antonio River Authority (@SanAntonioRiver) Engineer: Utility Engineering Group General Contractor: MGC Contractors (@mgccontractors3304) Practical Construction is a YouTube channel dedicated to the built environment. The show builds on the success of @PracticalEngineeringChannel , one of the largest engineering channels on YouTube, with more than 3 million subscribers and monthly viewership in the millions. Hosted and produced by civil engineer Grady Hillhouse, Practical Construction videos provide thoughtful and engaging explanations of how the world is built (and maintained) around us. Credits: Created by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Camera Operator Josh Lorenz Script Editing by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Max Moser Music by Donovan Bullen Color Correction and Blurring by the Nebula Studios team Some music from Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator

The answer isn't as simple as you might think! 💡 Go to https://brilliant.org/PracticalEngineering for a 30-day free trial & the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual subscription. One statistician famously said, “All models are wrong, but some are useful.” And even something as simple as the flow of water into the soil has so many complexities to keep track of. Like most answers to simple questions in engineering and in life: the answer is that it’s complicated. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-do-droughts-make-floods-worse Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Brilliant. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Written and Produced by Ralph Crewe Production Assistance from Josh Lorenz Graphics by Nebula Studios

I'm on location to document the construction of a new wastewater lift station! 🚧Watch the next episode on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practicalconstruction-heavy-construction-of-a-sewage-pump-station-ep-2 🌌Not subscribed? Get 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/practicalconstruction This is the first episode of a five-part pilot series to gauge your interest in "How It's Made"-esque heavy construction videos, so let me know what you think! Got an idea for an episode? Share it here: https://practical.engineering/location Huge thanks to our project partners! Owner: San Antonio River Authority (@SanAntonioRiver) Engineer: Utility Engineering Group General Contractor: MGC Contractors (@mgccontractors3304) Practical Construction is a YouTube channel dedicated to the built environment. The show builds on the success of @PracticalEngineeringChannel , one of the largest engineering channels on YouTube, with more than 3 million subscribers and monthly viewership in the millions. Hosted and produced by civil engineer Grady Hillhouse, Practical Construction videos provide thoughtful and engaging explanations of how the world is built (and maintained) around us. Credits: Created by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Camera Operator Josh Lorenz Script Editing by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Max Moser Music by Donovan Bullen Color Correction and Blurring by the Nebula Studios team Some music from Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator

A very quick overview of nearly every machine you'll see on a construction site 🌌Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/Practical-Engineering 🚆Watch "Japan's Next Train Revolution": https://nebula.tv/videos/realengineering-japans-next-train-revolution?ref=practical-engineering It takes a lot of big tools to build the roads, dams, sewage lift stations, and every other part of the constructed environment. To me, there’s almost nothing more fun than watching something get built, and that’s made all the better when you know what all those machines do. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-every-construction-machine-explained-in-15-minutes?ref=practical-engineering Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Nebula. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Written by Ralph Crewe Graphics by Nebula Studios

Grounding is one of the most confusing and misunderstood aspects of the grid. 🥑 For 50% off with HelloFresh PLUS free shipping, use code 50PRACTICAL at https://bit.ly/44zdZll! Errata: At 10:40, the meter is set to resistance (not voltage). Since current is constant, it is also an indication of differences in voltage, but the script should have been a little clearer. Current doesn’t flow to the ground; it flows through the ground and back up. If there is electricity moving into the ground from an energized conductor, go back to the source of that conductor and see what’s happening. For the grid, it’s probably a transformer or electrical generator, in either case, a simple coil of wire. And, the electrical current flowing out of the coil has to be equal to the electrical current flowing into it, whether that current is coming from one of the other phases, a neutral line, or an electrode buried in the ground. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-where-does-grounded-electricity-actually-go?ref=practical-engineering Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by HelloFresh. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Written and Produced by Ralph Crewe Production Assistance from Josh Lorenz Graphics by Nebula Studios

An overview of bridge fires and how I-95 was reopened within 2 weeks. 🌌Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/Practical-Engineering 🚆Watch "How Shanghai Built the World’s Largest Metro System": https://nebula.tv/videos/city-beautiful-how-shanghai-built-the-worlds-largest-metro-system?ref=practical-engineering Tanker truck fires at bridges happen rarely, but when they do, they often lead to a collapse or at least a replacement. How do engineers characterize bridge fires, and should bridges be better protected against them? Great article on the MacArthur Maze repairs: https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/A-MAZE-ING-His-reputation-on-the-line-2592154.php Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-philadelphia-i95-bridge-collapse-explained?ref=practical-engineering Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Nebula. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images and the Associated Press. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Produced by Ralph Crewe Production Assistance from Josh Lorenz Drone footage by @billykyle

An overview of seawater desalination: removing salt to make drinkable water from the ocean. 💡 Go to https://brilliant.org/PracticalEngineering for a 30-day free trial & the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual subscription. It might surprise you to learn that there are more than 18,000 desalination plants operating across the globe. But, those plants provide less than a percent of global water needs even though they consume a quarter of all the energy used by the water industry. The oceans are a nearly unlimited resource of water with this seemingly trivial caveat, which is that the water is just a little bit salty. It’s totally understandable to wonder why that little bit of salt is such an enormous obstacle. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-why-is-desalination-so-difficult?ref=practical-engineering Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Brilliant. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Written and Produced by Ralph Crewe Production Assistance from Josh Lorenz Graphics by Nebula Studios

Launchpads are incredible feats of engineering. Let's cover some of the basics! 🌌Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/Practical-Engineering 🚁Watch the Logistics of Search and Rescue: https://nebula.tv/videos/wendover-the-logistics-of-search-and-rescue?ref=practical-engineering Unlike NASA, which spends years in planning and engineering, SpaceX uses rapid development cycles and full-scale tests to work toward its eventual goals. They push their hardware to the limit to learn as much as possible, and we get to follow along. They’re betting it will pay off to develop fast instead of carefully. This video compares the Stage 0 launch pad to the historic pad 39A. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-was-starships-stage-zero-a-bad-pad?ref=practical-engineering Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Nebula. Some footage courtesy of @NASASpaceflight Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Written and Produced by Ralph Crewe Production Assistance from Josh Lorenz Graphics by Nebula Studios

Who doesn't love a good tunnel? 🥑 For 16 free meals with HelloFresh PLUS free shipping, use code PRACTICAL16 at https://bit.ly/3Ws1PYm Many cities across the world maximize the use of valuable land on earth’s surface by taking advantage of the space underneath for bypassing floods. This video discusses some of the challenges and solutions to these massive projects. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-how-flood-tunnels-work Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by HelloFresh. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Script Edit by Ralph Crewe Production Assistance from Josh Lorenz Graphics by Nebula Studios

A summary of one of the worst natural gas disasters in US History. 🌌Get Nebula using my link for 40% off an annual subscription: https://go.nebula.tv/Practical-Engineering ✈️Watch Neo's exclusive on the Tenerife disaster: https://nebula.tv/videos/neo-the-tenerife-disaster?ref=practical-engineering On September 13, 2018, a pipeline crew in the Merrimack Valley in Massachusetts was hard at work replacing an aging cast iron natural gas line with a new polyethylene pipe. By the end of the day, over a hundred structures would be damaged by fire and explosions, several homes would be completely destroyed, 22 people (including three firefighters) would be injured, and one person would be dead. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-merrimack-valley-gas-explosions-what-really-happened?ref=practical-engineering Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Nebula. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Written and Produced by Ralph Crewe Production Assistance from Josh Lorenz Graphics by Nebula Studios

Infrastructure Instrumentation to save lives and make cool graphs! 🪒 Shave with a precision tool by Henson and get 100 blades free: https://bit.ly/3CWiWJP It turns out that plenty of types of infrastructure, especially those that have serious implications for public safety, are equipped with instruments to track their performance over time and even save lives by providing an early warning if something is going wrong. Engineers keep an eye on strain, vibrations, temperature, pressure, tilt, flow rate, and more to make sure that structures behave like they were designed and to keep people safe from disaster. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-why-bridges-need-sensors-and-other-structures-too Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Henson. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Hosted/Written/Produced by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Script Edited by Ralph Crewe Production Assistance from Josh Lorenz Graphics by Nebula Studios

An overview of the 2023 Ohio train derailment. Watch this video ad-free along with lots of exclusive content at https://go.nebula.tv/practical-engineering On the evening of Friday, February 3, 2023, 38 of 149 cars of a Norfolk Southern Railway freight train derailed in East Palestine, Ohio. Five of the derailed cars were carrying vinyl chloride, a hazardous material that built up pressure in the resulting fires, eventually leading Norfolk Southern to vent and burn it in a bid to prevent an explosion. The ensuing fireball and cloud brought the normally unseen process of hazardous cargo transportation into a single chilling view, and the event became a lightning rod of controversy over rail industry regulations, federal involvement in chemical spills, and much more. Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Nebula. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Associated Press, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video by Grady Hillhouse Edited by Wesley Crump Written and Produced by Ralph Crewe Production Assistance from Josh Lorenz Graphics by Nebula Studios

💧 The unintended consequences of trying to change the course of rivers 💡 Go to https://brilliant.org/PracticalEngineering to get a 30-day free trial + the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual subscription. See Part 1 of this series here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBivwxBgdPQ Huge thanks to the entire team at @emriver for hosting us! Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-why-engineers-cant-control-rivers Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Brilliant. Thanks to Emriver for hosting our crew. Check them out at Emriver.com! Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor: Wesley Crump Production Assistant: Josh Lorenz Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Background Painting: Josh Welker Graphics: Nebula Studios

Not just megaprojects suffer from our inability to accurately anticipate the expense and complexity of construction... 🪒 Get a precision razor and use code PRACTICALENGINEERING for a free pack of 100 blades: https://bit.ly/3CWiWJP From preconstruction costs to inflation to unexpected site conditions, there are a lot of reasons construction budgets rarely align with construction costs. Let's talk about it! Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-why-construction-projects-always-go-over-budget Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Henson Shaving. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor: Wesley Crump Production Assistant: Josh Lorenz Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Background Painting: Josh Welker Graphics: Nebula Studios

The basics of fluvial geomorphology (the science behind the shape of rivers) 📟 Win free electronics gear and learn from the experts at Keysight here: https://www.keysight.com/us/en/events/keysight-world/live-from-the-lab-practicalengineering.html Errata: At 11:54, the slope equation is inverted. We’ve teamed up with @emriver , a company that makes physical river models called stream tables, to create a two-part series on the science and engineering behind why river channels shift and meander and what tools engineers use to manage the process. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-why-rivers-move Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Thanks to Emriver for hosting our crew. Check them out at Emriver.com! This video is sponsored by Keysight. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images and Shutterstock. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor: Wesley Crump Production Assistant: Josh Lorenz Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Background Painting: Josh Welker Graphics: Nebula Studios

A summary of the Jackson Mississippi water crisis to date. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://go.nebula.tv/practical-engineering Last August, a flood took out the aging water system in Jackson, Mississippi, leaving nearly everyone in the City without water. Only a few months later, arctic weather broke so many pipes in the city that residents again lost access to water, some for nearly two weeks, continuing one of the worst water crises in American history. IMPORTANT LINKS ____________________________________ 2022 Testimony of Abre’ Conner: https://naacp.org/sites/default/files/documents/Abre%27%20Conner%20-%20HS%20Hearing%20Testimony%209.19.22.pdf Brooking's Institute Article: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2021/03/26/in-jackson-miss-a-water-crisis-has-revealed-the-racial-costs-of-legacy-infrastructure/ MSDH Jackson Water Crisis Webpage: https://msdh.ms.gov/msdhsite/_static/30,0,76,720.html EPA Jackson Water Crisis Webpage: https://www.epa.gov/ms/jackson-ms-drinking-water Most of the timeline and summary information included in the video comes from this source: https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-11/U.S.%20v%20City%20of%20Jackson%20MS%20Complaint%20w%20Attachments_Filed.pdf MSEMA Incident Command Briefs: https://www.msema.org/jackson-water-crisis-2022/ Is Water a Human Right? https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/2021-09/FactSheet35en.pdf Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Pond5. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor: Wesley Crump Production Assistant: Josh Lorenz Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Background Painting: Josh Welker Graphics: Nebula Studios

What do you do when soil is too heavy for the job? Use lightweight backfill! 🥑 For 65% off with HelloFresh PLUS free shipping, use code PRACTICAL65 at https://bit.ly/3D5GV8S Over the years, engineers have come up with a lot of creative ways to mitigate the settlement of heavy stuff on soft soils, but one of those solutions seems so simple that it’s almost unbelievable: just make embankments less heavy. Watch this video ad-free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-why-some-roadways-are-made-of-styrofoam Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by HelloFresh. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor: Wesley Crump Production Assistant: Josh Lorenz Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Background Painting: Josh Welker Graphics: Nebula Studios Cell-Crete Email: [email protected] Cell-Crete Website: https://www.cell-crete.com/ Gerhart Cole (Geotechnical Engineer) email: [email protected] Foamed glass aggregate provided by Glavel.

An overview of the substation attack in Moore County, North Carolina in December 2022. 📺 Get a year of CuriosityStream AND Nebula for just $15/yr! http://www.curiositystream.com/practicalengineering Sorry I sound a bit stuffy in this one! We had to shoot this before everyone left for the holiday break, and I was still getting over a cold. This event highlights the need for making critical substations more secure and also making the grid more robust so that someone can’t rob tens of thousands of people of their lights, heat, comfort, and livelihood for four days with just a few well-placed bullets. Signed copies of my book (plus other cool stuff) are available here: https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by CuriosityStream. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor: Wesley Crump Production Assistant: Josh Lorenz Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Background Painting: Josh Welker Graphics: Nebula Studios Drone Videography: Sandhills Aerial Bullet hole photos: Jonathan Drake

If you ask me, there’s almost nothing on this blue earth more fascinating than water infrastructure. 🪒 Get a precision razor from Henson with code PRACTICALENGINEERING for a free pack of 100 blades: https://bit.ly/3CWiWJP Watch on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-how-different-spillway-gates-work Almost all dams need a way to release excess water when the reservoir is full. Although many dams use uncontrolled spillways, gated spillways provide more control over the flow, allowing us to build smaller, more cost-effective structures. There are countless arrangements of mechanical devices that have been used across the world and throughout history to manage the flow of water. But, modern engineering has coalesced to variations on only a few different kinds of gates. Want a book or a t-shirt? https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Henson Shaving. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor: Wesley Crump Production Assistant: Josh Lorenz Intern: Myles Jonas Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Background Painting: Josh Welker Graphics: Nebula Studios

The Sanibel Causeway was rendered completely impassable to vehicles. Less than a month later, it was open to traffic. Check out the Practical Engineering store: https://store.practical.engineering/ Watch on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/practical-engineering-how-this-bridge-was-rebuilt-in-15-days-after-hurricane-ian Errata: (None yet) Both Florida DOT and Superior Construction were contacted for comment on this story. FDOT declined to comment, and Superior Construction did not respond to multiple emails. Barrier islands are critical to protecting mainland coasts by absorbing wave energy and bearing the brunt of storms. But development on the islands negates that critical purpose. That doesn’t mean the community doesn’t belong there. But it does obligate the planners and engineers involved in rebuilding to be thoughtful about the impacts hurricanes can have and how infrastructure can be made more resilient to them in the future. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images and Florida DOT. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor: Wesley Crump Production Assistant: Josh Lorenz Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Background Painting: Josh Welker Graphics: Nebula Studios

A summary of the challenges with starting a grid back up from total collapse. 🥑 For 18 FREE meals with HelloFresh plus free shipping, use code PRACTICAL18 at https://bit.ly/3UQECxk! The grid is a little bit of a house of cards. It’s not necessarily flimsy, but if the whole thing gets knocked down, you have to rebuild it one card at a time and from the ground up. Restoring power after a major blackout is one of the most high stakes operations you can imagine. The consequences of messing it up are enormous, but there’s no way to practice a real-life scenario. It seems as simple as flipping a switch, but restoring power is more complicated than you might think. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by HelloFresh. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images and Shutterstock. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor: Wesley Crump Production Assistant: Josh Lorenz Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Background Painting: Josh Welker Graphics: Nebula Studios

A summary of how other systems of infrastructure (like roadways, water, sewer, and telecommunications) depend on electricity and how long each system could last under total blackout conditions. This video was guest produced by my editor, Wesley, who is also the actor in the blackout scenes ;) Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Producer/Editor/Blackout Actor: Wesley Crump Production Assistant: Josh Lorenz Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Background Painting: Josh Welker Graphics: Nebula Studios

How a nuclear blast in the upper atmosphere could disable the power grid. 📺 Get a year of CuriosityStream AND Nebula for just $15/yr! http://www.curiositystream.com/practicalengineering Correction: 10:32 Meant to say "earth's magnetic field," not "earth's gravity." This video is a summary of the EPRI study on the impacts that a high-altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) would have on the US power grid. It’s the first in a deep-dive series of videos about large-scale threats to the grid. EPRI Study: https://www.epri.com/research/products/3002014979 Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by CuriosityStream. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor: Wesley Crump Production Assistant: Josh Lorenz Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Background Painting: Josh Welker Graphics: Nebula Studios

My new book, Engineering In Plain Sight, is available now wherever books are sold. Find out more: https://practical.engineering/book A limited number of signed copies are available at https://store.practical.engineering Thank you so much for all the support and feedback along the way that made this project possible. Giveaway contest award winners will be announced soon at https://practical.engineering/contest #EngineeringInPlainSight

Can you name that infrastructure? Answer: Standoff Base Plate More info: https://practical.engineering/contest Book: https://practical.engineering/book #EngineeringInPlainSight #shorts

All the engineering behind the Endeavour Shuttle's 26th and final mission. 🪒 Use code PracticalEngineering to get a precision razor from Henson and 100 blades free: https://bit.ly/3CWiWJP Endeavour’s 26th mission was a lot slower and a lot shorter than the previous 25, but it was still full of fascinating engineering challenges. This October marks the 10-year anniversary of the nearly 3-day trip, so let’s reminisce on this incredible feat and dive into what it took to get the orbiter safely to its final home. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Henson Shaving. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor: Wesley Crump Production Assistant: Josh Lorenz Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Background Painting: Josh Welker Graphics: Nebula Studios

Can you name that infrastructure? Answer: Backflow Prevent Device (aka Dual Check Valve Assembly) More info: https://practical.engineering/contest Book: https://practical.engineering/book #EngineeringInPlainSight #shorts

Coatings are one of the most important tools in the fight against rust. 🥑 For 65% off with HelloFresh plus FREE shipping, use code PRACTICAL65 at https://bit.ly/3cZhkEY! Even within the field of corrosion engineering, coatings are a major discipline with a large body of knowledge and expertise spread across engineers, chemists, inspectors, and coatings contractors, all to extend the lifespan and safety of our infrastructure. Like the t-shirt? https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by HelloFresh. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Background Painting: Josh Welker

Can you name that infrastructure? Answer: Concrete Armor Units More info: https://practical.engineering/contest #EngineeringInPlainSight #shorts

-An overview of the drama unfolding over the ship channel in Corpus Christi, Texas. -Preorder my new book before the holiday rush: https://practical.engineering/book In July of 2022, the Texas Department of Transportation issued an emergency suspension of work on the half-finished Harbor Bridge project in Corpus Christi, citing serious design flaws that could cause the main span to collapse if construction continues. Since then, they have continued a very public feud with the contractor that is far from resolved. This video explores some of the alleged design flaws and discusses potential next steps on the bridge project. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Aerial Photography: Bay Area Studios, Inc. and Ron Jorgensen Background Painting: Josh Welker

Can you name that infrastructure? Answer: Sewer Smoke Testing More info: https://practical.engineering/contest #EngineeringInPlainSight #shorts

An overview of cathodic protection, including a rust prevention shootout in my garage. 📺 Get a year of CuriosityStream AND Nebula for just $15/yr! http://www.curiositystream.com/practicalengineering Making a structure last as long as possible before it needs to be replaced isn’t just good stewardship of resources. It’s a way to keep the public safe and prevent environmental disasters too. Corrosion is one of the number one ways that infrastructure deteriorates over time, so cathodic protection systems are an essential tool for keeping the constructed environment safe and sound. Like the t-shirt? https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Curiosity Stream. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Background Painting: Josh Welker

Can you name that infrastructure? Answer: Fish Ladders More info: https://practical.engineering/contest #EngineeringInPlainSight #shorts

An overview of the 2022 Montana flooding and what's next for Yellowstone National Park. 📅 Sign up for 80,000 Hours for help finding an impactful and rewarding career today: https://www.80000hours.org/practicalengineering In June of 2022, many tourists and residents of the Yellowstone National Park area found themselves at ground zero of a natural disaster. Torrential rainfall in Wyoming and Montana brought widespread flooding to the streams and rivers that flow through this treasured landscape and beyond. How will the National Park Service Rebuild? Hasty engineering of large infrastructure can be extremely damaging to natural systems like those in Yellowstone, and you don’t want to invest millions of dollars into repairs that might be subject to similar flooding in the future. After all, we build parks (and roads to parks) to get closer to the natural environment and all its wildness, and there’s almost nothing more natural or wild than a flood. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by 80000 Hours. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Intern: Myles Jonas ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ Background Painting: Josh Welker

Can you name that infrastructure? Answer: Automatic Air Release Valve More info: https://practical.engineering/contest #EngineeringInPlainSight #shorts

The colossal cost of a simple chemical reaction. 🥑 Use code PRACTICAL16 at https://bit.ly/30Tr2CE for 16 free meals with HelloFresh across 7 boxes AND 3 free gifts. Metals are so necessary and important to modern society that we’ll never escape the problem of corrosion, but the field of corrosion engineering continues to advance so that we can learn more about how to manage it and mitigate its incredible cost. Errata: Stainless steels have a minimum of 10.5% chromium. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Hello Fresh. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Intern: Myles Jonas

Can you name that infrastructure? Answer: Capacitor Banks More info: https://practical.engineering/contest #EngineeringInPlainSight #shorts

Reservoirs are a solution to the tremendous variability in natural water supply, but what happens when they stop filling up? 🧠Get 20% off an annual premium subscription of Brilliant at http://brilliant.org/PracticalEngineering People use water at more or less a constant rate and yet, mother nature supplies it in unpredictable sloshes of rain or snow that can change with the seasons and often have considerable dry periods between them. If the sloshes get too far apart, we call it a drought. And at least one study has estimated that the past two decades have been the driest period in more than a thousand years for the southwestern United States, leading to a so-called “mega-drought.” (Source: https://www.npr.org/2022/02/14/1080302434/study-finds-western-megadrought-is-the-worst-in-1-200-years) Like the t-shirt? https://store.practical.engineering/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Brilliant. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images and and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Intern: Myles Jonas

Can you name that infrastructure? More info: https://practical.engineering/contest #EngineeringInPlainSight #shorts

When the commotion of construction must be minimized, try horizontal directional drilling! 📺 Get a year of CuriosityStream AND Nebula for 26% off, just $15/yr! http://www.curiositystream.com/practicalengineering Watch the Coding Train video: https://youtu.be/FfCBNL6lWK0 Play the simulator: https://codingtrain.github.io/Directional-Boring/ Like laparoscopic surgery for the earth, horizontal directional drilling (or HDD) doesn’t require digging open a large area like a shaft or a bore pit to get started. Instead, the drill can plunge directly into the earth’s surface. From there, horizontal directional drilling is pretty straightforward, but it’s not necessarily straight. In fact, HDD necessarily uses a curved alignment to enter the earth, travel below a roadway or river, and exit at the surface on the other side. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Collaboration with Daniel Shiffman (@The Coding Train). This video is sponsored by CuriosityStream and Nebula. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Intern: Myles Jonas

Can you name that infrastructure? More info: https://practical.engineering/contest #EngineeringInPlainSight #shorts

Let's set the record straight for a few construction misconceptions! 🧠Get 20% off an annual premium subscription of Brilliant at http://brilliant.org/PracticalEngineering Errata: The shot at 4:16 is of the Greek Acropolis (not a Roman structure). Over the past 6 years of reading emails and comments from people who watch Practical Engineering, I know that parts of heavy construction are consistently misunderstood. So, I pulled together a short list of the most common misconceptions. Hope you don't mind just a little bit of ranting from me ;) Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalen... Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEng... Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEng... Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Brilliant. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U "Jam Jam Jam" said the Owner of the Shop by RoccoW is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://roccow.bandcamp.com/album/a-bed-of-snakes Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe

Can you name that infrastructure? More info: https://practical.engineering/contest #EngineeringInPlainSight #shorts

Some unexpected issues for engineers who design subsurface structures... 🥑 Use code PRACTICAL16 for up to 16 FREE MEALS + 3 Surprise Gifts across 6 HelloFresh boxes plus free shipping at https://bit.ly/30Tr2CE! Worksafe BC video: https://youtu.be/kluzvEPuAug Next time you see a dam, retaining wall, caisson, or any other subsurface construction, there’s a good chance that engineers have had to consider how groundwater will affect the stability. Even though you’d never know they’re there, some combination of drains and cutoffs were probably installed to keep the structure (and the people around it) safe and sound. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by HelloFresh. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe

Can you name that infrastructure? More info: https://practical.engineering/contest #EngineeringInPlainSight #shorts

Can you name that infrastructure? More info: https://practical.engineering/contest #EngineeringInPlainSight #shorts

"Wastewater-Based Epidemiology" is my new favorite phrase! 🧠Get 20% off an annual premium subscription of Brilliant at http://brilliant.org/PracticalEngineering/ Sewers were one of the earliest and most impactful advents of public health in urban areas, and it’s exciting that we’re still finding new ways to use them to that end. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Brilliant. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe

Can you name that infrastructure? More info: https://practical.engineering/contest #EngineeringInPlainSight #shorts

Correcting the misconceptions that abound around water below the ground 📺 Get a year of CuriosityStream AND Nebula for 26% off, just $15! http://www.curiositystream.com/practicalengineering It is undoubtedly unintuitive that water flows in the soil and rock below our feet. This video covers the basics of groundwater engineering, including how wells are built, how injection wells work, and how aquifers interact with surface water features. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Curiosity Stream. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Graphics: Standard Studios

Can you name that infrastructure? More info: https://practical.engineering/contest #EngineeringInPlainSight #shorts

Nord Stream 2 is possibly the world's most controversial infrastructure project, and it was thrust further into the spotlight when Russia invaded Ukraine earlier in 2022. The future of this monumental feat of engineering and maritime construction is unclear. Right now, it seems doubtful that the Nord Stream 2 will ever be anything more than an empty tube of steel and concrete at the bottom of the Baltic Sea (and maybe that’s for the best). Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Stock video and imagery provided by Nord Stream 2, Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Graphics: Standard Studios

Can you name that infrastructure? More info: https://practical.engineering/contest #EngineeringInPlainSight #shorts

The similarities and differences between sewage and brewage 🥑 Use code PRACTICAL16 for up to 16 FREE MEALS + 3 Surprise Gifts across 6 HelloFresh boxes plus free shipping at https://bit.ly/30Tr2CE! In both wastewater treatment and fermentation, humans co-opt microorganisms to convert a less desirable liquid into a better one. This video explores the secondary wastewater treatment process through the lens of homebrewing. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by HelloFresh. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images and Shutterstock. Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe

Can you name that infrastructure? More info: https://practical.engineering/contest #EngineeringInPlainSight #shorts

I wrote a book! And to celebrate, I went around San Antonio filming a few of my favorite infrastructure projects. Check out all the preorder locations here: https://practical.engineering/book Want a free signed copy? Make a social media post with the hashtag #EngineeringInPlainSight. I'll give 5 copies away to my favorite posts. More info here: https://practical.engineering/contest Map of the locations in this video: https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1kibHAxDX_nqcQrg3jb1Ug93lCE1tzaQm&usp=sharing Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Aerial Videography: Special Point of View

The science of sedimentation and the first step of wastewater treatment. 💲Get your first $5,000 managed free by investing with today’s sponsor Wealthfront at https://www.wealthfront.com/practicalengineering We often use chemicals, filters, and even gigantic colonies of bacteria to clean sewage on such a massive scale, but the first line of defense in the fight against dirty water is usually just gravity. All the wastewater videos so far: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTZM4MrZKfW8jvCLy9K0UzZb2C6yxU3p8 Errata: (1) At 6:16, the header should say "ALL PARTICLES SETTLE WHEN tD IS LESS THAN tL." Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMERS ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. Practical Engineering receives cash compensation from Wealthfront Advisers LLC (“Wealthfront Advisers”) for sponsored advertising materials. Practical Engineering is not a client and this is a paid endorsement. Practical Engineering and Wealthfront Advisers are not associated with one another and have no formal relationship outside of this arrangement. Nothing in this communication should be construed as a solicitation, offer, or recommendation, to buy or sell any security. Any links provided by Practical Engineering are not intended to imply that Wealthfront Advisers or its affiliates endorses, sponsors, promotes and/or is affiliated with the owners of or participants in those sites, or endorses any information contained on those sites, unless expressly stated otherwise. Investment management and advisory services are provided by Wealthfront, an SEC registered investment adviser. All investing involves risk, including the possible loss of money you invest, and past performance does not guarantee future performance. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Wealthfront. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe

In 2003, one of the most severe power outages in history affected the northeastern US and parts of eastern Canada. This video summarizes the events leading up to and during the blackout. My Power Grid playlist: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v1BMWczn7JM&list=PLTZM4MrZKfW-ftqKGSbO-DwDiOGqNmq53&index=1 Joint Task Force Report: https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/oeprod/DocumentsandMedia/BlackoutFinal-Web.pdf Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe

When it comes to wastewater, what goes down must come up again. 🍎Use code PRACTICAL16 for up to 16 FREE MEALS + 3 Surprise Gifts across 6 HelloFresh boxes plus free shipping at https://bit.ly/30Tr2CE! In some cases, it just stops being feasible to chase the slope of a sewer farther and farther below the ground surface. A good alternative is to install a pumping station that can lift raw sewage from its depths back closer to the surface. Lift stations can be small installations designed to handle a few apartment complexes or massive capital projects that pump significant portions of a city's total wastewater flow. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by HelloFresh. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe Graphics: Standard Studios

What the heck is a foundation and why do all structures need one? 📺 Get a year of CuriosityStream AND Nebula for 26% off, just $15! http://www.curiositystream.com/practicalengineering If all the earth was solid rock, life would be a lot simpler, but maybe a lot less interesting too. It is both a gravitational necessity and a source of job stability to structural and geotechnical engineers that all construction - great and small - sits upon the ground. And the ways in which we accomplish such a seemingly unexceptional feat are full of fascinating and unexpected details. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by CuriosityStream. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe

How do you rebuild one of the biggest spillways in the world after a catastrophic failure with the next flood season right around the corner? 🕶️ Try 5 pairs of glasses at home for free at https://www.warbyparker.com/practicalengineering This video covers the engineering and construction required to repair both the main (FCO) spillway and emergency spillway after they were catastrophically damaged during flooding in the spring of 2017. To see my coverage of the incident and the forensic team report, click here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxNM4DGBRMU LINKS ____________________________________ Juan Brown (Blancolirio) - https://www.youtube.com/user/blancolirio California DWR - https://www.youtube.com/user/calwater Board of Consultants Memos - https://water.ca.gov/Programs/State-Water-Project/SWP-Facilities/Oroville/Oroville-Spillways/Board-of-Consultants Spillway Incident Forensic Report - https://damsafety.org/sites/default/files/files/Independent%20Forensic%20Team%20Report%20Final%2001-05-18.pdf Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Warby Parker. Home Try-On Kits are US only. No international shipping. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Editor/Production Assistant: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe

One of the most important (and innocuous) parts of the constructed environment. 🥑 Use code PRACTICAL14 for up to 14 FREE MEALS + 3 Free Gifts across 5 HelloFresh boxes plus free shipping at https://bit.ly/3xWacPO! Look around and you’ll see retaining walls everywhere holding back slopes so we all have a little more space in our constructed environments. They might just look like a pretty concrete face on the outside, but now you know the important job they do and some of the engineering that makes it possible. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by HelloFresh. Thumbnail photo and intro footage by Mike Kruce Photography. https://www.mkjphoto.net/ Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Pond5. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Assistant Producer: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe

The Millennium Tower at 301 Mission Street in San Francisco is famously tilting and sinking into the ground. How does geology affect the design of skyscraper foundations, and what is being done to fix this structure? Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Assistant Producer: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe

Why do structures big and small sink into the ground, and what can we do to stop it? ☕ Sign up to Morning Brew for free today: https://bit.ly/mbpracticalengineering Before the so-called Starbase supported crazy test launches of the Starship spaceflight program, it was just a pile of dirt. After nearly two years, they hauled most of that soil back off the site for disposal. It might seem like a curious way to start a construction project, but foundations are critically important. Building that giant dirt pile was a clever way to prevent these facilities from sinking into the ground over time. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by Morning Brew. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Assistant Producer: Wesley Crump

In May 2020, heavy flooding resulted in the catastrophic failure of the Edenville Dam embankment, sending a wall of water downstream in the Tittabawassee River and completely draining Wixom Lake. The breach wave quickly overwhelmed the downstream Sanford Dam, overtopping and failing the structure. Over 10,000 residents in Sanford, Midland, and Saginaw were evacuated. The independent forensic team charged with investigating the event released an interim report in September 2021. The conclusions of the report include a discussion of a relatively rare phenomenon in earthen dams. Let’s walk through the investigation to try and understand what happened. IFT Interim Report (PDF): https://damsafety-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/files/Edenville-Sanford_Interim%20Report_Sept2021_Final.pdf Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Assistant Producer: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe

How does concrete stack up against rocket engines? 🥑 Use code PRACTICAL14 for up to 14 FREE MEALS across your first 5 HelloFresh boxes plus free shipping at https://bit.ly/3wQlgvG! When a launch or landing pad fails, it can be worse than if it wasn’t there at all, creating high-speed projectiles that jeopardize the safety of the vehicle and its support equipment, not to mention its crew. It’s a nice reminder that even the humblest provision here on earth - a solid, flat, and durable surface - is an absolute luxury on another world and of the importance of infrastructure in our interplanetary quests. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by HelloFresh. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Assistant Producer: Wesley Crump

In 1989, this story about an underground electrical transmission line spread across the early internet like wildfire. It had a big impact on me as a kid, and I wanted to share it with you! I think the Scattergood-Olympic transmission line is probably LA's most famous power line, although it has now been replaced with a more modern line since 2018. Original story here: https://www.jwz.org/blog/2002/11/engineering-pornography/ Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Thanks to Tom McMahon for letting me repurpose his original story and jwz for preserving it on his blog. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Assistant Producer: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe

Things can and still go wrong with heavy lifts even when the crane is perfectly safe and sound. 📺 Get a year of CuriosityStream AND Nebula for 26% off, just $15! http://www.curiositystream.com/practicalengineering “Rigging” is the term used to describe all the steps we go through to attach a load to a crane so it can be suspended and moved. And, like all human endeavors, rigging is prone to error. Some of the most serious crane failures in history had nothing to do with the crane itself but were actually a result of poor rigging. There’s a lot that can go wrong below the hook, so in this video, we’re going to take a look at a few of the fundamentals in attaching and securing a load and some of the hidden hazards that can pop up if not done properly and carefully. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips are used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by CuriosityStream. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Assistant Producer: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe

On June 24, 2021, a portion of Champlain Towers South, a 12-story condominium in Surfside, Florida, near Miami Beach, collapsed around 1:30 am. It was one of the most deadly structural collapses in U.S. history. This video summarizes the events of this unthinkable tragedy, a few of the structural engineering issues that may have played a part, and finally the process of forensic structural investigations. Links: -My playlist on concrete can be found here: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTZM4MrZKfW90PdaBFt70BLTbz1bTF6Mn -Thanks to@Mike Bellfor sharing his animation of the collapse. He has a lot more great info on his channel. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Assistant Producer: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe

Cranes are the backbone of construction projects. So why do so many of them fall down? 🥑 Use code PRACTICAL14 for up to 14 FREE MEALS across your first 5 HelloFresh boxes plus free shipping at https://bit.ly/3wQlgvG! Because they are so pervasive and they do such a dangerous job of lifting massive objects high into the air, occasionally cranes fail. In this video, I want to walk through some of the reasons these failures occur, using historical events as case studies. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by HelloFresh. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Videoblocks, and AP Images. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Production Assistant: Wesley Crump

On the morning of December 1st, 2020, one of the most iconic astronomical instruments in the world collapsed. The Arecibo Telescope was not only one of the largest radio telescopes in the world, it was also a fascinating problem in structural engineering. Its loss was felt across the world. This video provides a quick lesson on radio telescopes, a summary of the failure, and some discussion about the engineering lessons learned in the wake of the event. I hope that eventually, they can replace the telescope with an instrument as futuristic and forward-looking as the Arecibo telescope was when first conceived. It was an ambitious and inspiring structure, and we sure will miss it. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Alamy, and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Assistant Producer: Wesley Crump Script Editor: Ralph Crewe

Some fundamental engineering principles behind the safe transport of human waste. 📺 Get a year of CuriosityStream AND Nebula for 26% off, just $15! http://www.curiositystream.com/practicalengineering Humans are kind of gross. We collectively create a constant stream of waste that threatens city-dwellers with plague and pestilence unless it is safely carried away. Sewers convert that figurative stream into a literal one that flows below ground away from public view (and hopefully public smell). Your friendly neighborhood sewage collection system is not a magical place where gross stuff goes to disappear. It is a carefully planned, thoroughly tested system designed to keep the stuff we don’t want to see - unseen. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by CuriosityStream. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Assistant Producer: Wesley Crump

In May of 2021, inspectors on the I-40 Mississippi River Bridge near Memphis, Tennessee discovered a major crack in a structural member. They immediately contacted emergency managers to shut down this key crossing to vehicle traffic above and maritime traffic below. This video provides a summary of the event, including a discussion on arch bridges, fatigue in steel members, and national bridge inspection standards. Errata: (1) 8:38 "at minimum, an arm's length away" should be "at maximum, an arm's length away" (2) 1:14 New Madrid is usually pronounced MA-drid, not ma-DRID. (3) 4:55 ”It’s hard to understate the severity” should be “overstate” Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. Hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips are used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Some imagery provided by ARDOT and TDOT via Twitter. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Assistant Producer: Wesley Crump

Three hydraulic effects that ruin a pump. 🥑 Use code PRACTICAL12 to get up to 12 FREE MEALS across your first 4 HelloFresh boxes, including free shipping on your first box at https://bit.ly/3cEjF40. We collectively move incredible volumes of fresh water, drainage, and wastewater into, out of, and around our cities every day. And, we mostly do it using pumps. I love pumps. But, even though they are critical for the safety, health, and well-being of huge populations of people, there are a lot of things that can go wrong if not properly designed and operated. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. Hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by HelloFresh. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Assistant Producer: Wesley Crump

February 2017 saw one of the most serious dam-related engineering incidents in history with the failure of the service spillway at Oroville Dam. Whether they realized it or not, the people living and working downstream of Oroville Dam put their trust in the engineers, operators, and regulators to keep them safe and sound against disaster. In this case, that trust was broken. This video provides a summary of the event, including an explanation of the engineering details behind the failure. Independent Forensic Team Report: https://damsafety.org/sites/default/files/files/Independent%20Forensic%20Team%20Report%20Final%2001-05-18.pdf Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. Hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Much of the footage and photographs used in the video were created by the California Department of Water Resources. Use of these works in the video is done in accordance with the California Public Records Act. Music: "Tonic and Energy" by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Music: "Moon and Star" by Wintergatan. This track can be downloaded for free at www.wintergatan.net. Free license to use this track in your video can be downloaded at www.wintergatan.net. Producer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Assistant Producer: Wesley Crump

Explaining how pumps produce both pressure and flow with some fun water demonstrations. 📺 For a LIMITED TIME get CuriosityStream AND Nebula for 26% OFF! http://www.curiositystream.com/practicalengineering There’s a popular and persistent saying that pumps only create flow in a fluid, and resistance to that flow is what creates the pressure in a pipe. This video goes into some details about how two kinds of pumps work: centrifugal pumps and positive displacement pumps. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. Hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by CuriosityStream. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Assistant Producer: Wesley Crump

Exploring the engineering principles behind the recent obstruction of the Suez Canal, which caused a weeklong disruption in global shipping traffic. I give a brief overview of the bank effect and dilatancy of coarse-grained soils. Hopefully, the video helps you understand a few of the engineering challenges associated with navigating massive ships through tiny canals and what can happen when they run aground! Errata: - I incorrectly described the landform as the "Suez Peninsula." It is the "Suez Isthmus." Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. Hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by [sponsor]. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Satellite images copyright Maxar Technologies and CNES (Airbus) Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Assistant Producer: Wesley Crump

What factors affect how liquids flow through pipes? 🥑 Use code PRACTICAL12 to get up to 12 FREE MEALS across your first 4 HelloFresh boxes, including free shipping on your first box at https://bit.ly/3cEjF40. Engineers use equations to help us understand the pressure and flow rates in pipes. Pipe systems are important to us, so it’s critical that we can design them to carry the right amount of flow without too much drop in pressure from one end to the other. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by HelloFresh. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, Pond5, and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Producer/Host: Grady Hillhouse Assistant Producer: Wesley Crump

When disaster strikes, the flurry of political positioning and fingerpointing can make it difficult to understand what really happened. This video provides a summary of the facts of the 2021 Texas winter storm. ⚡ My playlist about the electrical grid: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTZM4MrZKfW-ftqKGSbO-DwDiOGqNmq53 📄 Most of the energy statistics shown in the video came from ERCOT publications found here: http://www.ercot.com/news/february2021 This February of 2021, a major winter storm made its way through the U.S. central plains, setting all-time records for low temperatures across the country. One of the biggest impacts of the storm happened here in Texas where people across the state suffered extended outages of electricity and water. It was one of the worst winter weather events in history, creating loss-of-life and economic impacts that will take years to unfold. Many are still recovering from the storm and will be for years to come. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. I have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of my videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips are used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images, Shutterstock, and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U

Why coastal floods have little to do with rain and everything to do with wind. ▶️ Get CuriosityStream AND Nebula for 26% off! https://curiositystream.com/PracticalEngineering Most of the world’s biggest cities and about half of the global population live within 100 kilometers (60 miles) from the ocean. That’s pretty important, especially given the huge amount of land that isn’t near a coastline. We’ve talked about riverine flooding caused by intense precipitation in a previous video. But, there’s another type of flooding that has almost nothing to do with rain and almost everything to do with air. Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. I have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of my videos! CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering SPONSORSHIP INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by CuriosityStream and Nebula. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U

Explaining the basics of coastal erosion with a homemade wave generator! 🥑 Use code 10PRACTICAL to get 10 FREE MEALS across your first 4 HelloFresh boxes, including free shipping on your first box at https://bit.ly/3biJN59 We humans are fascinated with the coast. There’s something inherently interesting about seeing the place where two things meet; where the vast expanse of ocean touches the land on which we live. It might not seem like it, but there’s an endless battle going on between land and sea along every coastline in the world (and just a hint: the sea is almost always winning). CONNECT WITH ME ____________________________________ Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering Website: http://practical.engineering Twitter: https://twitter.com/HillhouseGrady Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/PracticalEngineerGrady​ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/practicalengineering Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/PracticalEngineering BUSINESS INQUIRIES ____________________________________ Please email my agent & manager at [email protected] DISCLAIMER ____________________________________ This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes. SPECIAL THANKS ____________________________________ This video is sponsored by HelloFresh. Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images and Videoblocks. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U

The things we build to protect ourselves from flooding. ▶️ Get CuriosityStream AND Nebula for 26% off! https://curiositystream.com/PracticalEngineering ▶️ Every year floods make their way through populated areas, costing lives and millions of dollars in damages, devastating communities, and grinding local economies to a halt. Nearly every major city across the world is susceptible to extreme rainfall and has areas that are vulnerable to flood risk. Luckily, we’ve developed strategies and structures over the years to reduce our vulnerability and mitigate our risk. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering This video is sponsored by CuriosityStream and Nebula. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video supplied by Getty Images.

An overview of how engineers use storm hydrology to design infrastructure. Use code 80PRACTICAL to get $80 off across 5 HelloFresh boxes, including free shipping on your first box at https://bit.ly/30sYo7c 🍲 Flooding is one of the biggest challenges of building and developing the modern world. Nearly every part of the constructed environment is vulnerable in some way to heavy rainfall. The ways we deal with are constantly evolving, hopefully in a direction that puts a greater emphasis on natural watershed processes and ecosystem services. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering This video is sponsored by HelloFresh. Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Video supplied by Getty Images.

Rainwater and cities aren't always a good mix, but they can be! ▶️ Get CuriosityStream AND Nebula for 26% off! https://curiositystream.com/PracticalEngineering ▶️ Just like cities represent a colossal alteration of the landscape and thus the natural water cycle, we’re also going through a colossal shift in how we think about rainfall and stormwater and how we value the processes of natural watersheds. Look carefully as you travel through your city and you’ll notice all the different pieces and parts of infrastructure that help manage water during storm events. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Editing and Direction Help: Wesley Crump This video is sponsored by CuriosityStream and Nebula.

Some pavement can let water in and keep everything else out. 🍏Use code 80PRACTICAL to get $80 off with purchase, including free shipping on your first box https://bit.ly/30sYo7c Go to HelloFresh.com for more details.🍏 Cities represent a remarkable transformation of the landscape from natural to human-made. One of the most significant changes to the landscape that comes with urbanization is impervious cover. That's anything that prevents rain from soaking into the subsurface: buildings, sidewalks, driveways, and the biggest culprits - streets and parking lots. Impervious cover is a big issue. When you pave paradise to put up a parking lot, you cause a pretty significant disruption to some really important natural processes in a watershed. But, not all cover has to be impervious. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Editing and Direction Help: Wesley Crump This video is sponsored by HelloFresh.

One of the most annoying parts of driving... Sign up for Brilliant for free at www.brilliant.org/PracticalEngineering and get 20% off the annual premium subscription! There are definitely times when driving does not feel that luxurious, and one of them is something we’ve all experienced once or twice. Pavement is one of the highest value assets owned by a City, County, or DOT. It’s essential, and it’s expensive, which means there’s an entire industry surrounding how to design, build, and maintain roadways as safely and cost-effectively as possible. Politicians, government officials, engineers, and contractors drive on the same roads as everyone else, so they all have a vested interest in keeping those roads as pothole-free as possible so that we all can enjoy the luxury of driving on paved streets in safety and comfort. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Editing and Direction Help: Wesley Crump This video is sponsored by Brilliant.

Exploring the complexities that go into the creation and application of asphalt concrete. Use code 80PRACTICAL to get $80 off with purchase, including free shipping on your first box https://bit.ly/30sYo7c Go to HelloFresh.com for more details. Of all the ubiquitous things in our environment, roads are probably one of the least noticed. Our roads see tremendous volumes of traffic and withstand considerable variations in weather and climate, and they do it on a pretty tight budget. That’s really only possible because of all the scientists, engineers, contractors, and public works crews keeping up with this simple but incredible material called asphalt. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Editing and Direction Help: Wesley Crump This video is sponsored by HelloFresh.

Exploring the relationship between speed, safety, and geometry of roadways. Get a $25 credit when you sign up at http://practicalengineering.ting.com Although many of us are regular drivers, we rarely put much thought into roads. That’s on purpose. If you’re thinking about the roadway itself at all while you’re driving, it’s probably because it was poorly designed. There are so many factors that go into highway safety, many of which are more philosophical or psychological than pure physics and engineering. But to a certain extent, highway design is an art form. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Editing and Direction Help: Wesley Crump This video is sponsored by Ting.

Explaining how earthwork works, and why road construction often takes so long. Sign up for Brilliant for free at www.brilliant.org/PracticalEngineering and get 20% the annual premium subscription! Like it or not, roads are part of the fabric of society. Travel is a fundamental part of life for nearly everyone. Unfortunately, that means road construction is too. But, I hope I can give you a little more appreciation for what’s going on behind the orange cones. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Editing and Direction Help: Wesley Crump This video is sponsored by Brilliant.

Discussing the hydraulics of the humble highway culvert Go to https://NordVPN.com/practicalengineering or use code PRACTICALENGINEERING to get 70% off a 3-year plan plus one additional month free. Culverts are ubiquitous in the constructed world. They seem so obvious that you may never consider them. But, the engineering behind culverts is quite complicated and exciting. Next time you're driving or walking along a street, keep an eye out for culverts. See if you can identify whether the culvert is outlet or inlet controlled and be thankful that we have this ordinary, but remarkable, bit of infrastructure to let you safely walk or drive right over. @USDOTFHWA Culvert Hydraulics Video [44:05] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnXmGyb_hKQ -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Editing and Direction Help: Wesley Crump This video is sponsored by NordVPN.

People use boats for all kinds of reasons, and in the same way, there are all kinds, shapes, sizes, and ages of locks used for waterway navigation across the world. Freight is big business. “Shipping” got its name for a reason, and we still use ships to move a lot of our stuff. The video provides a basic summary of how locks work, including an explanation of the water saving basins used on the new locks at the Panama Canal. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Newsletter: https://practical.engineering/email-list Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Editing and Direction Help: Wesley Crump This video is sponsored by supporters like you on Patreon.

Discussing thrust forces in pipelines (with the help of our friends at Air Command Rockets). Go to https://NordVPN.com/practicalengineering or use code PRACTICALENGINEERING to get 70% off a 3 year plan plus 1 additional month free. Huge thanks to @Air Command Rockets for collaborating on the video. Go check out their channel for tons of awesome content on water rockets. We use pipes to carry all kinds of fluids. Pretty much anyone can tell you how they work. You put a liquid or a gas in one side and it comes out the other. But, designing pipe systems is not always as simple as it seems. It’s the engineer’s job to make sure the pipe stays put. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Editing and Direction Help: Wesley Crump This video is sponsored by NordVPN.

A demonstration and brief explanation of air lock in fluid pipelines. Use code PRACTICAL10 to get 10 free meals including shipping with HelloFresh! https://bit.ly/2R4fLIc (purchase required) If you assume that gasses don’t get into pipes or that they can’t constrict the flow, you might design a pipeline that doesn’t work. Luckily for engineers, this is a well-known phenomenon in pipe systems. It’s just one of the complexities that come with the job and we’ve come up a with a lot of creative ways to overcome it. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Director: Wesley Crump This video is sponsored by HelloFresh.

A brief overview of this ingenious method of compressing air using only the power of water. Explore your creativity and get 2 free months of Skillshare premium membership: https://skl.sh/practicalengineering5 The way a trompe harnesses the power of water to generate compressed air with no moving parts is fascinating and its use is seeing a small revival in modern days. A trompe can be useful in off-grid aquaponics and hydroponic systems that need aeration of the water. And, in fact, the inspiration for this video came from the late Bruce Leavitt, a mining engineer who pioneered the use of small trompes for aeration and treatment of mining water in remote locations without access to electricity. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Director: Wesley Crump This video is sponsored by Skillshare.

A quick description and demo of this ingenious pump. Go to https://NordVPN.com/practicalengineering to get 81% off a 3 year plan. Use code PRACTICALENGINEERING to get 3 months free + NordPass. A hydraulic ram is a clever device invented over 200 years ago that can pump water uphill with no other external source of power except for the water flowing into it and there is a way to take advantage of this normally inauspicious effect for a beneficial use. The ram pump is an ingenious way to take advantage of the properties of fluids. We all need water for a variety of reasons, so being able to move it where we need it without any fancy equipment or external sources of power is a pretty nice tool to have in your toolbox. Other YouTube Videos about Ram Pumps: Land to House: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlOylKqbQ9A WranglerStar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLMIJlrJXvs Engineer775: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4y_WWxWdn5A French River Springs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enBEMgDR3-A -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Director: Wesley Crump This video is sponsored by NordVPN.

Exploring the protective systems that keep the power grid from self destructing. Get 9 free meals from HelloFresh at https://bit.ly/2pZsuRa and use code Practical9 at checkout. We usually think of the power grid in terms of its visible parts: power plants, high-voltage lines, and substations. But, much of the complexity of power grid comes in how we protect it when things go wrong. When your power goes out, it’s easy to be frustrated at the inconvenience, but consider also being thankful that it probably means things are working as designed to protect the grid as a whole and ensure a speedy and cost-effective repair to the fault. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Director: Wesley Crump This video is sponsored by Hello Fresh.

The vast majority of our grid-scale storage of electricity uses this clever method. Electricity faces a fundamental problem that comes with pretty much any product that’s provided on-demand: our ability to generate large amounts of it doesn’t match up that closely with when we need it. The storage of electricity for later use, especially on a large scale, is quite challenging. That’s not to say that we don’t store energy at grid scale though, and there’s one type of storage that makes up the vast majority of our current capacity. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Director: Wesley Crump

Discussing some of the fascinating engineering that goes into overhead electric power transmission lines. Get $80 off your first month of HelloFresh (with code Practical80): https://bit.ly/2VGUxzl In the past, power generating plants were only able to serve their local areas. As power plants grew larger and further away from populated areas, the need for ways to efficiently move electricity over long distances has become more and more important. Stringing power lines across the landscape to connect cities to power plants may seem as simple as connecting an extension cord to an outlet, but the engineering behind these electric superhighways is more complicated and fascinating than you might think. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse This video is sponsored by Hello Fresh.

Untangling the various equipment you might see in an electrical substation. Go to https://NordVPN.com/practicalengineering to get 75% off a 3 year plan. Use code PRACTICALENGINEERING to get an extra month for free. In many ways, the grid is a one-size-fits-all system - a gigantic machine to which we all connect spinning in perfect synchrony across, in some cases, an entire continent. On the other hand, our electricity needs, including when we need it, how much we need, and how reliably it should be delivered vary widely. Substations play a critical role in controlling and protecting the power grid. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Animation: Stephanie White, Connor Claver, Dayan D’Aniello This video is sponsored by NordVPN.

Continuing the series on the power grid by diving deeper into the engineering of large-scale electricity generation. Get $80 off your first month of Hello Fresh (with code Practical80): https://bit.ly/2VGUxzl The importance of electricity in our modern world can hardly be overstated. What was a luxury a hundred years ago is now a critical component to the safety, prosperity, and well-being of nearly everyone. Generation is the first step electricity takes on its journey through the power grid, the gigantic machine that delivers energy to millions of people day in and day out. So how does it work? -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse This video is sponsored by Hello Fresh.

Go to https://NordVPN.com/practicalengineering to get 75% off a 3 year plan. Use code PRACTICALENGINEERING to get an extra month for free. The modern world depends on electricity. It’s a crucial resource, especially in urban areas, but electricity can’t be created, stored, and provided at a later time. The instant it’s produced, it’s used no matter how far apart the producer is from the user. And the infrastructure that makes all this possible is one of humanity’s most important and fascinating engineering achievements: the power grid. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse This video is sponsored by NordVPN.

The first 500 people to click get 2 months of Skillshare Premium free: http://skl.sh/practicalengineering4 We normally build a dam to hold water back and store it for use in water supply, irrigation, hydropower, or flood control. But sometimes we have to let some water go. Whether we need it downstream or the impounded water behind the dam is simply too full to store any more, nearly every dam needs a spillway to safely discharge water. The spillway is a critical part of any dam and often the most complex component. So how does it work? -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Thumbnail Photo: Doug Letterman (CC BY 2.0) This video is sponsored by Skillshare.

Start your Squarespace free trial at http://www.squarespace.com/practicalengineering and use code PRACTICALENGINEERING to get 10% off your first purchase. Traffic management in dense urban areas is an extremely complex problem with a host of conflicting goals and challenges. One of the most fundamental of those challenges happens at an intersection, where multiple streams of traffic - including vehicles, bikes and pedestrians - need to safely, and with any luck, efficiently, cross each others’ paths. However we accommodate it now or in future, traffic will continue to be one of the biggest challenges in our urban areas and traffic signals will continue to be one of its solutions. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Animation: Stephanie White, Connor Claver, Dayan D’Aniello This video is sponsored by Squarespace.

A quick overview of how we build underwater structures. Get $80 off your first month of Hello Fresh: https://bit.ly/2VGUxzl and use code practical80. Oceans, rivers, and lakes are often beautiful, but they’re not necessarily convenient places to build things. Yet, many types of the infrastructure we depend on every day, including wharves, bridges, and dams, are founded below the water. How do they do it? On today’s episode, we're talking about different types of underwater construction, including cofferdams, diversions, caissons, and drilled shafts. Whether the construction site is on the bottom of a lake or river, or simply located in the floodplain and only at risk during extreme weather, engineers and construction contractors put a significant amount of thought and consideration into the feasibility and costs of managing this water. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse This video is sponsored by HelloFresh.

Start your Squarespace free trial today at http://www.squarespace.com/practicalengineering and use code PRACTICALENGINEERING to get 10% off your first purchase. Dams serve a wide variety of purposes from hydropower to flood control to storage of water for municipal and industrials uses. But when a dam’s useful purpose fades away, the structure itself still remains. Dams come in all shapes and sizes, but contrary to what you might think, the most dangerous dams are often the smallest, also known as low head dams. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse This video is sponsored by Squarespace.

The first 500 people will get two months of Skillshare Premium for FREE: https://skl.sh/practicalengineering3 A weir is a small dam built across a river to control the upstream water level. Weirs have been used for ages to control the flow of water in streams, rivers, and other water bodies. Unlike large dams which create reservoirs, the goal of building a weir across a river isn’t to create storage, but only to gain some control over the water level. Over time, the term weir has taken on a more general definition in engineering to apply to any hydraulic control structure that allows water to flow over its top, often called its crest. In fact, the spillways of many large dams use weirs as control structures. So how do they work? -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse This video is sponsored by Skillshare.

Go to https://NordVPN.com/practicalengineering to get 75% off a 3 year plan. Use code PRACTICALENGINEERING to get an extra month for free. Engineers need to be able to predict how water will behave in order to design structures that manage or control it. And fluids don’t always behave the way you’d expect. On this episode of Practical Engineering, we’re talking about one of the most interesting phenomena in open-channel flow: the hydraulic jump. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse This video is sponsored by NordVPN.

Purpose and function of elevated water storage tanks. The job of finding enough water, making it safe to use, and then reliably distributing it to the system customers with almost no downtime is a monumental task that requires a lot of infrastructure. And, probably the most visible component of a public water system is the elevated storage tank, also known as a water tower. I’m Grady Hillhouse and this is Public Works, my video series on infrastructure and the humanmade world around us. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Writing/Editing/Production: Grady Hillhouse Animation: Stephanie White, Connor Claver, Dayan D'aniello This video is sponsored by Bombas. Get some Bombas socks for 20% off! http://bit.ly/2PZuQLg Code: PRACTICAL

Sometimes conventional reinforcement isn't enough. The basics of prestressed concrete. Prestressing reinforcement doesn't necessarily make concrete stronger. But, it does increase the serviceability of concrete members by reducing the amount of deflection under load. This video explains the two most common types of prestressed concrete: pre-tensioned and post-tensioned. Prestressed concrete is used in all kinds of structures from bridges to buildings to silos and tanks. It’s a great way to minimize cracking and take fuller advantage of the incredible strength of reinforced concrete. Thank you for watching, and let me know what you think! More Videos About Concrete: - What is Concrete? (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOHURuAf5iY) - Why Concrete Needs Reinforcement (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZINeaDjisY) - Does Rebar Rust? (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLF18H9JGHs) - Was Roman Concrete Better? (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qL0BB2PRY7k) -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U This video is sponsored by Dashlane. Try Dashlane: https://www.dashlane.com/practicalengineering Use promo code "practicalengineering" to get 10% a one-year premium subscription.

Comparing modern concrete to that of the western Roman empire. More Videos About Concrete: - What is Concrete? (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOHURuAf5iY) - Why Concrete Needs Reinforcement (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZINeaDjisY) -Does Rebar Rust? (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLF18H9JGHs) In this video, I discuss a few modern techniques that help improve design life of concrete, including roller compacted concrete (RCC) and water reducing admixtures (superplasticizers). There are a whole host of differences between modern concrete and that of the western Roman empire that I didn’t have time to go into, including freeze/thaw damage. This is such and interesting topic, so here are some references if you’d like to learn more: -http://www.romanconcrete.com/ -https://www.usbr.gov/tsc/techreferences/mands/mands-pdfs/RCCManualFinal09-2017-508.pdf -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_concrete -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Support Practical Engineering by visiting https://brilliant.org/PracticalEngineering/ and sign up for free.

Check out the first two videos on concrete if you haven't seen them already: - What is Concrete? (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOHURuAf5iY) - Why Concrete Needs Reinforcement (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cZINeaDjisY) While steel reinforcement solves one of concrete’s greatest limitations, it creates an entirely new problem: Corrosion of embedded steel rebar is the most common form of concrete deterioration. There are lots of ways to combat this problem, a few of which we discuss/demonstrate in this video, including fiber reinforced concrete, adequate protective cover, and fiber reinforced polymer bars. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U

Wind can be one of the most critical and complicated loads on civil structures. The case of the Tacoma Narrows bridge is a well-known cautionary tale that’s discussed in engineering and physics classrooms across the world. Both resonance from vortex shedding and aeroelastic flutter contributed to the failure. When you push the envelope, you have to be vigilant because things that didn’t matter before start to become important (e.g. wind loads on lighter structures). Unanticipated challenges are a cost of innovation and that’s something that we can all keep in mind. Thank you for watching, and let me know what you think. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U The Great Courses Plus is currently available to watch through a web browser to almost anyone in the world and optimized for the US, UK and Australian market. The Great Courses Plus is currently working to both optimize the product globally and accept credit card payments globally. Signup for your FREE trial to The Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/R5D730k3oNg

How simple reinforcement is used to prevent collapse of rock tunnels. Tunnels play an important role in our constructed environment as passageways for mines, conveyance for utilities, and routes for transportation. Rock bolts are a type of reinforcement for stabilizing rock excavations, usually made from steel bars or bolts. This simple construction method dramatically reduces the cost of making tunnels through rock safe from collapse. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Thanks to our sponsor Dollar Shave Club, new members get their 1st month of the Daily Essentials Starter Set including trial-sized versions of their Shave Butter, Body Cleanser and One Wipe Charlies’ Butt Wipes along with their Executive Razor for ONLY $5 with FREE shipping. Join Dollar Shave Club for only $5 at http://www.dollarshaveclub.com/PracticalEngineering

The basics of fluid cavitation, including demonstration from AvE. If you subject a fluid to a sudden change in pressure, some interesting things can happen. You can cause tremendous damage to moving parts, or you can harness this destructive power in many beneficial ways. Thanks to AvE for supplying the demonstration for this video. If you like seeing the insides of tools and industrial machinery check out his channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChWv6Pn_zP0rI6lgGt3MyfA Related AvE videos: Part 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omgvmSFbeM8 Part 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yK4QRjNhoJs -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U First 100 people get $50 off their first two weeks of Blue Apron, here: https://cook.ba/2ten9nH Sponsored by Blue Apron

Ever heard of a muon? I hadn't either until I stumbled upon this awesome project! Now I can detect and count these cosmic particles from my desktop - and you can too. Cosmic Watch: http://cosmicwatch.lns.mit.edu/ -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U This video is sponsored by XOD: https://goo.gl/C2yg91

More destructive testing to answer your questions about concrete. Concrete's greatest weakness is its tensile strength, which can be less than 10% of its compressive strength. So, we often reinforce it to create a composite material strong against all types of stress. This video briefly touches on conventional rebar and prestressed/post-tensioned reinforcement. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBlLC8TUXP0 Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U This video was sponsored by Skillshare. The first 1000 people to click will get their first 2 months of Skillshare for free: http://skl.sh/PracticalEngineering2

What's the difference between concrete and cement? Concrete is the most important construction material on earth and foundation of our modern society. At first glance it seems rudimentary, but there is a tremendous amount of complexity involved in every part of designing and placing concrete. This video is meant to be a bare-bones introduction to the topic, with a cool demonstration of concrete strength using a hydraulic press. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBlLC8TUXP0 Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Support for this video comes from Brilliant: https://brilliant.org/PracticalEngineering/

...and other musings on thermal movement of large civil works. Most people have a certain intuition about thermal expansion, but you may not have considered how engineers design to accommodate it on large civil structures. The video gives a quick overview on this important consideration that engineers must account for when designing infrastructure like pipelines, bridges, and even sidewalks. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBlLC8TUXP0 Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U This video is sponsored by Blue Apron. First 100 people to sign up will get $40 off their first two weeks of Blue Apron orders. Click here: http://cook.ba/2HO67T5

Water hammer can work in both directions, and I only discussed one of those in the previous video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xoLmVFAFjn4). Today's episode revisits that demonstration to show how water hammer can form a vacuum pressure in a pipe. Momentum carrying fluid away from a valve wants to keep going even after the valve is closed. This generates a negative pressure than can cause major damage! -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBlLC8TUXP0 Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U This video was sponsored by Skillshare.

A few things that can go very wrong when you put steam in a pipe... Last month we talked about the damaging effects of water hammer, but there’s another state of H2O equally if not more dangerous when put in pipes. Today on Practical Engineering we’re talking about steam hammer and differential shock. Nick Moore's Steam Hammer Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDItSUeykrA NYC Steam Explosion clip courtesy of Nick Parish (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SImhkapRuIs) -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBlLC8TUXP0 Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U This video was sponsored by Skillshare. The first 300 people to click will get their first 2 months of Skillshare for free: http://skl.sh/PracticalEngineering

Hydraulic transients (also known as water hammer) can seem innocuous in a residential setting, but these spikes in pressure can cause major damage to large pipelines and industrial pipe networks. In this video, we briefly discuss how water hammer occurs and how engineers mitigate the effect. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBlLC8TUXP0 Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License First 100 people to sign up will get $30 off their first Blue Apron order here: http://cook.ba/2hkRvlY. This video is sponsored by Blue Apron.

Okay this is the last video on the hazards of soil mechanics for a while :) Expansive soils cause more property damage per year than earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes combined. Expansive soils are a slow-moving geologic phenomenon, which makes them not very news-worthy. However, they still cause a tremendous amount of damage to buildings and the public infrastructure we rely on every day. USGS Map of Expansive Soils: https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10014.htm -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBlLC8TUXP0 Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Support for this video comes from Brilliant: https://brilliant.org/PracticalEngineering/

In civil engineering, quicksand is more than just a puddle of mud! The "quick condition" occurs when seepage reduces the effective stress of a soil. This can lead to some dangerous conditions, especially if the seepage causes piping erosion to occur at a dam. Thanks for watching! -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBlLC8TUXP0 Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License First 100 people to sign up will get three meals off their Blue Apron order free! Click here: http://cook.ba/2xIBhJ7

If you've got a telescope, give the crowd a show next week. Make the eclipse bigger! Eclipse glasses are okay, but the sun is only as big as your thumbnail at arms length. That's not very big. I need something to impress some kindergartners! Hopefully the sun funnel can do it. Plans: https://eclipse2017.nasa.gov/make-sun-funnel -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBlLC8TUXP0 Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License

A primer on one of the most important companions to civil engineering: land surveyors. Conventional measurement tools like a tape measure and protractor don't work for large civil structures and public works projects. Surveying is essentially the science of measuring big stuff. In this video I give a quick explanation of how surveying works and show a few ways you can do your own leveling survey at home. No sines, cosines, or tangents required! -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBlLC8TUXP0 Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Thumbnail Photo: Hugo Chisolm (CC BY-SA 4.0) First 100 people to sign up will get three meals off their Blue Apron order free! Click here: http://cook.ba/2tNJ2b3 This video is sponsored by Blue Apron.

Sinkholes form through both natural and human-made processes. Most of us think about erosion on the surface of the earth, but erosion can occur in the subsurface as well. In fact, scientist and engineers have a very creative name for just such a process: internal erosion. If just the right factors come together in the subsurface, some very interesting things can occur, including sinkholes. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Memories by SNDR & Joey Shigrov is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1Q2PpM5To8 Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U First 100 people to sign up will get three meals off their Blue Apron order free! Click here: http://cook.ba/2qouQFb This video is sponsored by Blue Apron.

Engineering statics (or the study of objects at rest) is a fundamental part of most engineering curricula. It's broadly applicable not only to engineers, but anyone who has anything that needs to stay put. Thank you for watching, and let me know what you think. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Memories by SNDR & Joey Shigrov is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1Q2PpM5To8 Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U

The airwaves are awash with invisible communications keeping us connected and facilitating our information society. All that telecommunication requires a lot of infrastructure! Today's episode of WTI shows some wireless telecommunications. Have a cool infrastructure photo? Send it in the [email protected]. Buy a T-shirt here: http://practical.engineering/shop/ Support these videos on Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering Website: http://practical.engineering Music: Elexive - Valley Santa (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TA7Hro7OYpc)

This is a demo of a bell siphon I built in collaboration with a couple of engineering professors. There are certain cases where it would be nice to be able to create a siphon without any intervention, a self-priming or automatic siphon: the next level of siphonry. It's built out of an acrylic sheet and a piece of clear pipe. Thanks to Rolf Hut and Pete Marchetto for inviting me to collaborate on their project. Full Project: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71E52Mbj32s Big Clive Urinal Auto-Syphon: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQ45kMi6HkA Rolf Hut: http://rolfhut.nl/english Pete Marchetto: https://about.me/pete.marchetto Animation: Devin Sloan -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBlLC8TUXP0

I got a new toy in the shop and thought I'd take the chance to try it out on video. Expect more metal fabrication in future videos! This Old Tony: https://www.youtube.com/user/featony Welding Tips and Tricks: https://www.youtube.com/user/weldingtipsandtricks In general, and compared to other common building materials, metals have excellent mechanical properties. They are hard, tough, strong, and durable. As someone who occasionally works the wood, even I can admit that metals are a superior material in many regards. So you can see why it would be advantageous to have a way to connect them together, especially if you can do it in such a way that joint isn’t the weakest part of your assembly. That’s the goal of welding, and luckily, this is not something reserved for industrial factories and machine shops. From my own experiences so far, welding is something you might be able to do yourself as a hobby. And stay tuned till the end for some tips for getting started. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBlLC8TUXP0 Free Trial at The Great Courses Plus: http://ow.ly/nXW6307LfDw

You never know what's buried below your feet, but it could be infrastructure! Today's episode of WTI shows a number of subsurface utilities. Have a cool infrastructure photo? Send it in the [email protected]. Have a great new year celebration! And, always call 811 (or your country's equivalent) before you dig. You never know what could be running below the ground! THE COMMENTERS HAVE SPOKEN! Blue pipes in Berlin - Drain groundwater from construction sites. Intake screen in Belgium - Likely for a saltwater aquarium Buy a T-shirt here: http://practical.engineering/shop/ Support these videos on Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering Website: http://practical.engineering Music: Elexive - Valley Santa (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TA7Hro7OYpc)

In today’s video, we’re talking about computational hydraulic river modeling. HEC-RAS is ubiquitous in the industry, and many H&H engineers in the U.S. use it regularly for various applications including floodplain mapping, reservoir simulations, breach analysis of dams, and even fluvial geomorphology. Water resources engineers are very fortunate that many of the most-used software packages are available for free. I prepared a rudimentary model of the Kasei Valles on Mars to demonstrate RAS's capibilities. It's not scientifically rigorous in any way, but it provides some nice visualizations that illustrate why engineers use computation hydraulic river models. Please excuse my unkempt mug. We celebrate Movember at work, and I am getting a bit more growth before I go down to just the mustache :) Thanks to Trent Hare and Moses Milazzo from the USGS Astrogeology Science Center for their advice and help with the Mars terrain data. -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U Dark Times by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100747

Buy a T-shirt here: http://practical.engineering/shop/ Support these videos on Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering LEARN MORE AT THE LINKS BELOW: Tetrapods - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod_(structure) Intracoastal Waterway - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracoastal_Waterway Jetty - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetty Corner Reflector - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corner_reflector Daylighting Streams - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylighting_(streams) Weir - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weir Website: http://practical.engineering Music: Elexive - Valley Santa (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TA7Hro7OYpc)

I got so much feedback on the DIY Watt Balance video that I decided to do a followup to show how it was built and answer a few other popular questions. Thanks for watching! Lots of Links in this one. -Redefining the Kilogram with the DIY Watt Balance: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewQkE8t0xgQ -NIST Lego Watt Balance Paper: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp/83/11/10.1119/1.4929898 -NIST Lego Watt Balance Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oST_krdqLPQ -Veritasium "World's Roundest Object": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMByI4s-D-Y -Website: http://Practical.Engineering -Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Music: Elexive - Tonic and Energy (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U)

Support the channel by purchasing a print here: http://practical.engineering/shop What's a Watt Balance? Watch this video first: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewQkE8t0xgQ I got a lot of questions about this illustration, so I made a longer video of the inking process. For more info, visit the blog post: http://practical.engineering/blog/2016/10/4/technical-illustration-of-desktop-watt-balance -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering -Music: Marxist Arrow - Twin Musicom (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBlLC8TUXP0)

Mass is a challenging concept to tie down, yet it is one of the most crucial measurements in our world. Since the 1800's, we've used a physical artifact as a standard for mass calibration across the world. Within the next few years, that will all change because of this ingenious device: the watt balance. Links: -NIST Lego Watt Balance Paper: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/ajp/83/11/10.1119/1.4929898 -NIST Lego Watt Balance Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oST_krdqLPQ -Building the Desktop Watt Balance: [Coming soon!] -Watt Balance Technical Drawing Timelapse: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VOsJHnG_KfU -Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering -Website: http://practical.engineering -Music: Elexive - Tonic and Energy (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U) Redeem your free trial for The Great Courses Plus: http://ow.ly/Py3T304920R

What's better than transportation infrastructure? More transportation infrastructure! Thanks again to everyone who sent in photos. EDIT: Several people have commented that the angled frames around the signs are to prevent graffiti. Submit your photos of interesting infrastructure here: http://practical.engineering/whats-that-infrastructure/ LINKS: Can Opener Bridge: www.11foot8.com Nick Moore: www.youtube.com/user/nik282000 Karl Jansen: www.ceephotos.karcor.com Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering Website: http://practical.engineering Music: Elexive - Valley Santa (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TA7Hro7OYpc)

Yes, he can get nerdier! Submit your photos of interesting infrastructure here: http://practical.engineering/whats-that-infrastructure/ Let me know what you think of this new series - What's that Infrastructure? - where we divulge and discover the man made world around us. Answers below (don't cheat!). 1. Tactile Paving (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactile_paving) 2. Breakaway Sign Post (http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roadway_dept/policy_guide/road_hardware/ctrmeasures/breakaway/) 3. Bridge Protective Assembly (https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/brg/071813-webinar/nemec.pdf PDF WARNING!) Thanks for watching, and let me know what you think! Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering Website: http://practical.engineering Music: Elexive - Valley Santa (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TA7Hro7OYpc)

What happens when a civil engineer mixes water and electricity? The results aren't always ideal, but you always learn something! A magnetic flow meter relies on Faraday's Law of Induction to measure the flow of a fluid. Magnets outside the pipe create a magnetic field. Electrodes are located perpendicular to the magnets. A conductive fluid moving through the pipe will generate a voltage (electromotive force) between the electrodes due to Faraday’s law. The faster the fluid moves through the pipe, the higher the voltage. Once you know the velocity of the fluid, you can calculate flow using the cross sectional area of the pipe. In this video, I walk through some of the details that electrical engineers have worked out so that this ingenious device can work properly. Unfortunately I couldn't get it working very well myself! Want to learn more? Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flow_meter Neha Girme Blog - https://nehagirme.wordpress.com/2011/11/19/electromagnetic-flowmeter-design/ Arudino Code - https://github.com/gradyh/dc_pulse_gen Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering Website: http://practical.engineering Audible: http://www.audible.com/engineer 3D Model: Devin Sloan Music: Elexive - Tonic and Energy (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6fBPdu8w9U) Errata: -At 4:36, the signal to noise ratio is low, not high.

Don't let anyone try to convince you that the earth is a sphere! It's actually closer to an ellipsoid. How does your airline pilot know which direction to head when he’s over the ocean with no landmarks? How do we know the exact boundaries between parcels of land and between states and countries? These are questions we answer with geodesy (sometimes known as Geodetics Engineering): the science of how we characterize the shape and size of the earth. Geodesy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesy Reference Ellipsoid: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ellipsoid Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering Website: http://practical.engineering Music: Elexive - Valley Santa (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TA7Hro7OYpc)

For those of you who can bear to listen to me babble on for 10 minutes about myself, here are the answers to (most of) your questions. I can't say enough how much I appreciate your viewership and support. Here's to 1E5 more! Check out these small channels that I really like: https://www.youtube.com/user/featony https://www.youtube.com/user/nessfultude22 https://www.youtube.com/user/WayOutWestx2 Website: http://practical.engineering Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering

We're nearing 1E5 subscribers, so I thought I'd mark the occasion with a Q&A. Put your question in the comments and I'll get to my favorites when we reach 100 kiloSubscribers (should be about a week). Thanks for watching!

Engineers that work with fluids need a solid understanding of how they behave, and there’s one branch of fluid mechanics that plays a role in areas all across our lives. Whether you’re designing a water tower for a city or you just want to understand how those upside-down pet bowls work, you’ve got to know how to relate the depth and pressure of a fluid: hydrostatics. Thanks for watching! Website: http://practical.engineering Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering Music: Doctor Vox - Gold (https://youtu.be/VM-hX0BQf40) Music: Soft and Light - Electronic Senses

Trying something new today: Practical Engineering Shorts, where we just dip our toes into the technical details behind current events. Let me know what you think! You may have seen in the headlines recently that a Japanese company, Star-ALE, plans to create an artificial meteor shower for the opening ceremony of the 2020 summer Olympics in Tokyo. We’ve been creating artificial meteors for a long time, just not for the purpose of entertainment. Engineers regularly pilot satellites and shuttles through reentry of the upper atmosphere. Creating an artificial meteor shower will require the dutiful application of the exact same body of engineering theory. Star-ALE: http://global.star-ale.com/ SeeSat-L: http://www.satobs.org/ Good overview of re-entry physics (PDF warning): https://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/designees_delegations/designee_types/ame/media/Section%20III.4.1.7%20Returning%20from%20Space.pdf Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering Website: http://practical.engineering Music: Elexive - Valley Santa (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TA7Hro7OYpc)

Dirt is probably the cheapest and simplest construction material out there, but it's not very strong compared to other choices. Luckily geotechnical engineers have developed a way to strengthen earthen materials with almost no additional effort - Mechanically Stabilized Earth (aka MSE or Reinforced Soil). If you look closely, you'll see MSE walls are everywhere. Thanks for watching, and let me know what you think! Join the National Marrow Donation Program: http://join.marrow.org/practical Website: http://practical.engineering Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering Music: Doctor Vox - Gold (https://youtu.be/VM-hX0BQf40)

Join the National Marrow Donation Program: http://join.marrow.org/practical Trying sometime a little different this time - animation. Thanks to my friend, James, for the idea. Diving into the "meat and potatoes" of engineering this literal stairway to the heavens: the Space Elevator. Hope you enjoy it! Don't forget to watch Kurzgesagt's excellent video on the Space Elevator here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPQQwqGWktE (Sorry for the jab guys!) They say the devil’s in the details, but that’s not really true for the space elevator. The biggest hang ups in this concept are the most fundamental aspects of its design: the mass of the counterweight, getting power to the climber, the strength of the tether. If it ever does happen, it will be creative and passionate engineers leading the way. Thanks for watching and let me know what you think! Website: http://practical.engineering Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering Music: RSF - Backfire (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dvHuTRBSa0) Sources: http://www.niac.usra.edu/files/studies/final_report/472Edwards.pdf http://www.spaceward.org/documents/papers/SEFC.pdf http://www.spaceward.org/documents/papers/SEPSAO.pdf https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d402/ba5f97884b7398ae2a1ff79136f9c1a03993.pdf Errata: -The Clarke Belt is misspelled. -At 1:40 the earth is spinning in the wrong direction. -Kurzgesagt is misspelled.

I turned a birthday gift for my brother this week, and decided to make a video about a relatively recent change in the MLB's rules governing wooden baseball bats. In 2009, the MLB health and safety advisory committee determined that the increase in the use of Maple baseball bats (over the traditional ash bats) was a primary reason for the similar rise in bats breaking during games. This had to do with the engineering properties of the two different woods, and how manufacturers were grading bat blanks. The committee issued a series of recommendations to reduce the occurrence of breaking baseball bats, including improvements to how maple blanks are graded. The recommendations have reduced the rate of bat breaks by about half. Thanks for watching and let me know what you think! Website: http://practical.engineering Patreon: http://patreon.com/PracticalEngineering Music: Doctor Vox - Gold (https://youtu.be/VM-hX0BQf40)

Demonstrations using the Algodoo software and a custom-built physical model of a rotating satellite. The job of keeping a spacecraft pointed in the right direction is called "attitude control." Some of you parents might have a different definition for that term, but one of the most widely-used techniques is spin stabilization. (Maybe it works on toddlers too?) Sometimes after spin stabilization, you need to despin, and that's where the yo-yo comes in. The Yo-Yo De-Spin mechanism involves deploying small masses which increase the moment of inertia, reducing angular velocity. This simple kids toy is doing an important job for rockets and satellites that actually do go around the world. Once they're released, the spacecraft has lost all its angular moment and stopped spinning. Thanks for watching, and let me know what you think in the comments! Visit my website (http://practical.engineering) to learn more. I use all Patreon earning to improve the quality (and quantity!) of videos: https://www.patreon.com/PracticalEngineering Music: Doctor Vox - Gold (https://youtu.be/VM-hX0BQf40) Music: NICKV. - Sunday Stroll (https://youtu.be/3ecNhsUHJd4)

Today on Practical Engineering we're talking about hydrology, and I took a little walk through my neighborhood to show you some infrastructure you may have never noticed before. Almost everyone agrees that flooding is bad. Most years it’s the number one natural disaster in the US by dollars of damage. So being able to characterize flood risks is a crucial job of civil engineers. Engineering hydrology has equal parts statistics and understanding how society treats risks. Water is incredibly important to us, and it shapes almost every facet of our lives, but it’s almost never in the right place at the right time. Sometimes there’s not enough, like in a drought or just an arid region, but we also need to be prepared for the times when there’s too much water, a flood. Rainfall and streamflow have tremendous variability and it’s the engineer’s job to characterize that so that we can make rational and intelligent decisions about how we develop the world around us. Thanks for watching! FEMA Floodplain Maps: https://msc.fema.gov/portal USGS Stream Gages: http://maps.waterdata.usgs.gov/mapper... I use all Patreon earning to improve the quality (and quantity!) of videos: https://www.patreon.com/PracticalEngineering http://practical.engineering Music: Doctor Vox - Gold (https://youtu.be/VM-hX0BQf40)

FAQ: (1) What's that physics simulation software called? Algodoo (it's free!). (2) Your music is no good. I didn't nail the mix on this video, but it is fixed on subsequent videos. (3) I want to build my own. Where can I find plans? This wasn't meant to be a "how-to" video, but I put some details about the model at this link: https://www.instructables.com/id/Tuned-Mass-Damper-Demonstration/ In many of the world’s tallest skyscrapers, there’s a secret device protecting the building and the people inside from strong motion due to wind and earthquakes. Did you know you can tune a skyscraper just like a guitar? In this Practical Engineering video, we’re comparing theory to the real world for tuned mass dampers. Luckily this tech is simple enough that we can model it right in the garage. As silly as this little experiment looks, it’s actually not that far off from what engineers do in the real world (maybe without the googly eyes). The design phase for just about every major building includes some physical scale model tests. This video shows that the tuned mass damper is a great example of elegance in engineering. Thanks for watching, and let me know what you think! Aluminum parts for the cart and damper are actobotics. The accelerometer I used is the ADXL345 breakout board from Sparkfun. I filtered the x-axis data with a low-pass filter, then sent it via serial port to my laptop. I just copy the data from the serial monitor window and import into Microsoft Excel for the figures. For the figure animations, I wrote a custom macro and used a screenshot program to capture them as video. I use all Patreon earnings to improve the quality (and quantity!) of videos: https://www.patreon.com/PracticalEngineering Website: http://practical.engineering Music: Valesco - Cloud 9 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRa-eGzpT6o)

I hope y'all can put up with a bit of self-aggrandizement today. There's a teaser at the end of this video for the first Practical Engineering video. Again, thank you so much for being a subscriber and watching the stuff I make. If you have any ideas for future videos, let me know! Looking forward to this new chapter.

For me, discussing the weather is more than idle small talk. So when I got interested in web-enabled electronics (the Internet of Things), I knew immediately that my first project be related to the first thing I do when I log onto my computer at work each day: check the weather. This "weather station" simply pulls weather data from the internet and displays it using analog electrical panel meters. The brains of the project is the Particle Photon which is pretty much a tiny Arduino with a wifi chip. The actual weather station is made of a scrap of walnut. The panel meters have custom faces that I designed in DraftSight, which is a free cad program. The weather data is provided by Forecast.io. By the way, November is Men's health awareness month. Life expectancy for men is around 5 years shorter than for women, mainly due to the fact that we are more reckless with our physical and mental health. If you haven't been to the doctor for a while, schedule a physical this week. You could find something that saves your life. And if you feel that you might be suffering from depression or another mental health issue, I encourage you to tell a doctor (even just your family physician). A mood disorder isn't part of who you are, it's a disease just like the flu, and there are lot of treatment options available. Errata: The barometer meter face shown in the video has a mistake. I accidentally shifted it up by 100 millibar. The scale should actually read 960-1060 millibar, which will cover normal atmospheric pressure in most places. I use all Patreon earning to improve the quality (and quantity!) of videos: https://www.patreon.com/PracticalEngineering Code: https://github.com/gradyh/Photon-Weather-Station Music: Marxist Arrow - Twin Musicom Thanks: My brother's company for printing the panel meters (http://www.illuminidol.com/)

Whether you brew your own libations at home, or just consume enough of them to keep a tap on hand, the simplest way to spice up your kegerator is with a custom handle. It’s a quick, easy project on the lathe and there’s tons of room for creativity. This is my first time trying stone inlay, and I like how it came out. Thanks for watching and let me know what you think! AvE: https://www.youtube.com/user/arduinoversusevil I use all Patreon earning to improve the quality (and quantity!) of videos: https://www.patreon.com/PracticalEngineering Music: Soft and Light - Electronic Senses

Not everyone has the thumb coordination to fly a quad copter, and few have a pilot buddy who can carry them skyward, but just about anyone can fly a kite. The hobby of Kite Aerial Photography (KAP) has been given a new wind with the advent of affordable, light-weight action cameras and advanced remote-controlled devices. Even though it’s been over a hundred years since George Lawrence took his famous panorama of San Francisco after the 1906 earthquake, the kite is still the simplest way to get a lofted perspective for your photography. This kite originally appeared in a Make: Magazine online tutorial. If you want more information about how it was built, you can visit the tutorial here: http://makezine.com/projects/build-kite-aerial-photography-rig/ Thanks for watching, and let me know what you think! Music: Marxist Arrow - Twin Musicom

I was commissioned to build this model in support of a presentation about geotechnical engineering. The goal is to illustrate the flow paths that groundwater takes under an obstruction (e.g. a sheet pile or cutoff wall). So much of engineering is just theoretical work, so it was really cool to see such an elegant example of a geotechnical engineering concept borne out in real dirt and water. Thanks for watching and let me know what you think.

There’s a growing movement of people who believe that our space agencies are underfunded (see: Penny4NASA) because humanity is just not paying enough attention to our present accomplishments and future plans in space exploration. Well, I know one way to direct attention to something: Point at it. This is the first prototype of the International Space Station Desktop Orbit Tracker. The pointer is controlled by an ST Microelectronics Nucleo F401, an "arduino-compatible" development board, which performs the orbital propagation and coordinate system transformations using a ported version of the SGP4 model and drives an Adafruit motor shield. A stepper motor controls the azimuth and a servo controls the elevation. The Station orbits the earth every 90 minutes so the speed of motion is roughly equivalent to a minute hand on a clock: slow enough that it’s not really interesting to watch, but fast enough that it’s in a new place every time you glance over. I’ve got lots of ideas for extensions of this design, including: - Trophies for aerospace-related awards - Keeping track of cubesats in high school classrooms - Amateur radio antenna mounts - A children’s museum exhibit where you can select between satellites, planets, and landmarks to point at - Making a huge one as an outdoor art installation. For this prototype, though, I just wanted it to simply point: a reminder that the world’s full of incredible things if you just know what direction to look. Thanks for watching and let me know what you think! The code: https://github.com/gradyh/ISS-Tracking-Pointer ------------------------------------------------------------ Resources for learning more: https://celestrak.com/columns/ https://celestrak.com/software/vallado-sw.asp https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_perturbations_models ----------------------------------------------------------- Music: Doctor Vox - Gold (https://youtu.be/VM-hX0BQf40)

I haven't disappeared! In fact I have quite a few cool projects in the works and not just woodworking. Follow me on instagram to keep up with what I'm working on (@gradyhillhouse). Here's a quick video for all my fellow office drones. My employer is generously hooking us up with standing desks, but our cubicle walls are a bit short. I built this mahogany planter for a coworker so she wouldn't feel like she was invading her neighbor's privacy. No narration on this one - just cutting and gluing set to overly dramatic music. Thanks for watching and let me know what you think! Music: Doctor Vox - Frontier (https://www.facebook.com/thomasvx)

We all like games, but who among us needs another screen in their life? This is my first foray in the world of interactivity. It's an arcade-style puzzle box mini game. Powered by an Arduino with completely custom wooden enclosure and components, the goal was to make it look like something your parents told you not to play with when you were a kid. The object of the game is to adjust the knobs so each needle points at its respective LED, but it's not as easy as it sounds (or is it!?). If you'd like to build one yourself, or just make fun of my terrible programming skills, visit the github project repository here: https://github.com/gradyh/Arduino-Arcade-Puzzle-Box Thanks for watching, and let me know what you think!

Moms love the stuff their kids make - even when their kids aren't kids anymore. You won't be able to hang these vases on the refrigerator, but I think they'll look nice on a shelf or window sill. They were a lot of fun to make, especially with my wife helping. Cutting and gluing can be very relaxing in the right mindset. We're still woodturning novices, but I think our mom's are going to love the vases for Mother's Day this year. Thanks for watching and let me know what you think.

Gardening in the modern age means making things more complicated and arduous, with electrons, bits, and bytes. Behold: the garduino. My brother got me an arduino microcontroller board for Christmas, which to me was a solution looking for a problem. I finally found the problem: fresh herbs are expensive at the grocery store. But apparently not as expensive as adding a bunch of sensors and electronics to your garden. Build one yourself or just poke around in the code: https://github.com/gradyh/GradyHillhouseGarduino.git Thanks to my brother, Graham, for the Arduino board and editing the narration. Thanks to Chris from YouTube channel AvE (https://www.youtube.com/user/arduinoversusevil) for the tips on soil moisture sensors and water hammer. Most of the parts in this build came from http://www.adafruit.com. Combining microcontrollers and gardening is a really popular idea. I think that’s because gardens have very simple inputs and outputs that are easy to wrap your head around. I guess people (myself included) see a notoriously simple and relaxed hobby and can’t help but feel compelled to overcomplicate it. But just about anyone can connect the dots between "Garden needs water" and "I am not a responsible human being who is capable of remembering to water a garden every day" and realize, "Hey, I can use technology to overcome my personal shortcomings," and more than that, "I can bend technology to my will and that will feel good to my ego and my sense of self-worth." After all, no one’s hobby is to buy an irrigation controller off the shelf of a hardware store. Thanks for watching, and let me know what you think. A few technical details below... If there's anything I didn't address, feel free to shoot me a question in the comments. Moisture sensors that measure the resistance or conductivity across the soil matrix between two contacts are essentially junk. First of all, resistance is not a very good indicator of moisture content, because it is highly dependent on a number of factors which might vary from garden to garden including soil ph, dissolved solids in the water, and temperature. Second, most of them are of poor quality with contacts that easily corrode. For the most part you'd be lucky to get one to last through an entire season. Capacitive sensors are generally more accurate because they are just measuring the change in dialetric properties of the soil which is less sensitive to other environmental factors. They also don't require any exposed conductive surfaces which means they can last a bit longer in the harsh environment of your backyard. My soil moisture sensor (and soil temperature sensor) came from http://www.vegetronix.com. The arudino’s analog inputs read voltage, so to use a resistive sensor (like the photoresistor I used to measure sunlight), you have to set up a voltage divider. This is just a really simple circuit which divides the voltage drop between your sensor and a known resistor. You know the current is the same for both, so you can calculate the resistance of your sensor using ohm’s law. The only problem here is that a photoresistor’s relationship to illuminance is log-log, that is to say it spans several orders of magnitude. So if you use a big resistor (5k - 10k ohm) in your voltage divider, your sensor will be sensitive to low light levels, but you won’t be able to tell the difference between a sunny day and an overcast one. Since this thing’s going outside, I used a 100 ohm resistor, which should hopefully give me good differentiation between levels of brightness in the daylight. Music from incompotech.com

I love career day because it gives me a chance to show kids how fun my job can be. This year I went all out and built a large display with running water, moving parts, and lot's of color. Bring on the bad puns! Civil engineering is not a notoriously glamorous career, so it's a fun challenge to make it interesting to young people. I have always loved children's science museums, and I'm always amazed at how creative and captivating the exhibits are. My goal with this project was to create something similar: a display which makes a complex topic approachable, fun, interesting, and easily understood. I think I got it right with this one. It was a big hit at career day. I had lot's of interest and engagement, a lot of good questions, hopefully sparked some interest in engineering, and maybe even inspired a budding dam engineer. Thanks for watching and let me know what you think. Here's how the display works: Water is pumped from a tray behind the display to above the lake to simulate rain filling the reservoir. A flood can be simulated just by pouring in a pitcher of water. A small crest gate acts as a flood control structure. There are houses along the bank of the river downstream to show how flooding can affect structures near rivers, and it's easy to see that a house built at a higher elevation has a lower chance of flooding. Hydro-power is simulated with the computer fan, and water supply is represented by a garden hose and bathroom sink. Low-flow releases can be made from the dam to keep water in the river downstream. There are some fish to show why environmental flows are important. Credit to Boss Display Corporation for the idea.

This is my first attempt at multi-axis turning: a couple of scoops/spoons from walnut and paduak. Multi-axis turning is really an art form of woodworking in itself. It breaks the door wide open from traditional solids of revolution to far more interesting, complicated, free form shapes. And it is really a test of your imagination, because the geometry associated with this type of turning is actually quite complex. I got the idea for this project from a turner I follow on instagram by the name of Phil Irons. What I made is fairly similar to the caddy spoons he makes, but hopefully not a complete ripoff. My favorite part of this design is that you end up with two spoons, or in my case, I think of it like a free second chance in case I make a mistake first one that can't be recovered from. Let me know what you think of the spoons, and thanks for watching. 2015 Kitchen Utensil Build Challenge Paricipants Patrick’s Workshop https://www.youtube.com/user/Patricksworkshop Nick Ferry https://www.youtube.com/user/ferrynick Ted Alexander https://www.youtube.com/user/TedCAlexander DIY Tyler https://www.youtube.com/user/TylerGiannattasio McGinns Woodshop https://www.youtube.com/user/McGinnsWoodShop Rich McNatt https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJQKDs_2LW5RJX3oFvqMzpQ Jay Bates https://www.youtube.com/user/Jayscustomcreations April Wilkerson https://www.youtube.com/user/AprilWilkersonDIY Steve Carmichael https://www.youtube.com/user/carmichaelworkshop Dominic’s Woodworks https://www.youtube.com/user/DominicsWoodworks AllistarDorroch https://www.youtube.com/user/ShavingsandAwl Dale Wienke https://www.youtube.com/user/Beavervalleywoodwork Stephan Poehnlein https://www.youtube.com/user/pipolinoaustria Adventures In DIY https://www.youtube.com/user/AdventuresInDIY Mike Fulton https://www.youtube.com/user/mfwoodshop Joe Whittaker https://www.youtube.com/user/AverageJoesJoinery Peter Brown https://www.youtube.com/user/kludge1977 Sterling Davis https://www.youtube.com/user/SterlingsWoodcrafts NKWB https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdCoqw6naNcgONTP5kpuJvQ Cy’s Corner https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOoeZFDsNp4US0BEvevTQmw Jason Rausch https://www.youtube.com/user/rauschww Rock N H Woodshop https://www.youtube.com/user/rhwoodshop The Nomadic Polywright Show https://www.youtube.com/user/johnzzhu Andrea Arzensek https://www.youtube.com/user/ArzensekAndrea Wildman Project https://www.youtube.com/user/WildmanProject Fabian’s Tiny Workshop https://www.youtube.com/user/swingguitar1950 Darbin Ovar https://www.youtube.com/user/darbinorvar Wood n Stuff w/ Steve French https://www.youtube.com/user/blockyimage Izzy Swan https://www.youtube.com/user/rusticman1973 Grady Hillhouse https://www.youtube.com/user/gradyhillhouse Chris Pine workshop https://www.youtube.com/user/TheChrisPineWorkshop Matthew Cremona https://www.youtube.com/user/mcremona Jack Houweling https://www.youtube.com/user/Jacka440 Eric Lindberg https://www.youtube.com/user/EricLindberg27 RJB Wood Turner https://www.youtube.com/user/RJBWoodTurner Jeffery Ferguson https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4hVnXleh8X-IL8ESPrORaw Dema Gamayunov https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7vWanaSndGlwpsNCYm0YqA Nicholas Gomez https://www.youtube.com/user/nicholasgomezable Mark Christopher https://www.youtube.com/user/xgxdxer Summers Woodworking https://www.youtube.com/user/summerswoodworking Timothy Babb - https://www.youtube.com/user/WoodworkingManiak #UtensilChallenge2015 #utensil2015

The turning subreddit started up their monthly challenges again. February's challenge is to turn a sphere. I've had some ideas swirling around in my head about resin and dowels, and I decided to give it a shot. The mold came together beautifully, and my estimate for the volume of resin was dead on! But the final sphere was far from attractive. Some lessons learned: 1. Charge your camera battery before any "no turning back" parts of the project. 2. Cut the tip off the dye bottle! There's a hole there already, but it's really small. 3. Pressure is necessary for casting with Alumilite Clear if your mold is complicated. Vibration is not enough to get the break all the bubbles free. 4. Dull carbide does not cut Alumilite very well. Hopefully the video is enjoyable, even if it's not a very good tutorial on how to do this. Let me know what you think, and thanks for watching. LINKS: Turning subreddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/turning Allen Stratton's Sphere Turning Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3lConTQ-cUw

I made a handle for a new tool out of palm wood and red oak. It isn't perfect, but I learned a lot. What do you think?

The mortar and pestle are made from cherry. The accents are spectraply off cuts from my "Segmented Bowl Factory" video. Given another shot, I would have changed the shape of the business end of the pestle. I think it came out a bit small. Thanks for watching! Let me know if you have any questions, comments, or suggestions. If you liked this video, check out some of my other ones. They're way better!

My wife made a tile mosaic on the top of this old end table. I added a border around the edges, helped her paint the wood, grout the tile, and epoxy-seal the top. Turn the volume down if you don't like jazz (: Thanks for watching! Music used with permission from the Youtube Audio Library: "Hold on a Second" by John Deley and the 41 Players.

One of my coworkers gave me a nice chunk of 8/4 red oak. My policy is if you give me wood, I make you something. This bowl is about 5" in diameter and 2" tall. The rim is segmented wenge.

We got a kitten for Christmas. His name is Hank. We wanted a place for him to get away from the dog (if he wants) and a place where the dog couldn't get his food. This is what I came up with. By the way, the math I used to calculate the forces within the shelf is called engineering statics, because it involves calculating the forces within static structures or structures which are not moving. I’m a civil engineer for my day job, so I’m trying to bridge that into my hobbies and videos. If you’re interested in seeing more engineering concepts in my videos, please let me know in the comments. And if you think it’s a boring interruption to the project, let me know that too! Music with permission by Jason Eddens (http://teddyandwendy.bandcamp.com/)

I had a lot of bowls to make for Christmas presents, so I just built a machine to do the work for me. The video is filmed mainly in stop motion format. It was inspired in part by my favorite Dr. Seuss story, The Sneetches. This bowl is made from oak and Spectraply (11" x 4"). As you can imagine, rather than saving me any time, this took up quite a bit more than just doing the turning on the lathe without any photography. It was a lot of fun, though. I've also had several people tell me that it triggered their ASMR, so if you know what that is let me know what you think of the video. Thanks for watching!

I decided to have a little fun with this bowl project. I'm clearly no Frank Howarth! The bowl is maple and African mahogany - 10.5" diameter and 6" tall. Let me know what you think in the comments. Sound Credits (all from freesound.org): - blarg.flac by Cosica_S - Slide Projector (Reflecta) without Fan Noise.wav by soundslikewillem - growing_plant.wav by MaxDemianAGL To use this video in a commercial player or in broadcasts, please email [email protected]

This table is a Christmas present meant to match a gift from last year. It's also my entry to the Cronkwright Woodshop coffee table build off. Thanks to my wife for her awesome mosaic work. This is my first attempt at animation. Let me know what you think of the video, and thanks for watching! Music: Jarvic 8 by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)

These bowls were an experiment with intersecting surfaces. They are hard maple with African mahogany accents. Music: Jarvic 8 by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)

My first youtube video and my second bowl project. Thanks to all the youtube wood turners for your inspiration and wisdom!