The Deep Sea Midnight Zone | Worlds of the Deep, a collaboration with Schmidt Ocean Institute. Thank you to Brilliant for sponsoring Natural World Facts 🧠💡 - for a 30-day free trial and 20% off an annual premium subscription visit https://brilliant.org/NaturalWorldFacts/ In the deep ocean, life is divided between very different worlds. In the midwater, pelagic wanderers tread migratory routes that span entire oceans, and planktonic drifters and their predators take part in bioluminescent light shows. It is separated into zones based on depth, including the sunlight zone (epipelagic), twilight zone (mesopelagic), midnight zone (bathypelagic), abyssal and hadal zones. And below, lies the deep sea floor. A kingdom of mud and ooze, where sessile creatures cling to any solid outcrop and corals craft kingdoms on the seamount crusts. The worlds of the deep sea could not be more different, and yet their stories are fundamentally intertwined. In this episode, we delve into the Midnight Zone, a pitch-black zone of the deep sea where life has found peculiar ways to survive the immense pressure, from anglerfish to vampire squid to giant sharks. Support my work on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/naturalworldfacts Get your hands on DEEP SEA MERCH: https://naturalworldfacts.myshopify.com/ Episodes: 1 - The Twilight Zone - https://youtu.be/dTKUEvGYvSg 2 - The Midnight Zone - (this episode) 3 - The Abyssal Plain - coming soon 4 - Seamounts and Canyons - coming soon 5 - Hydrothermal Vents - coming soon Written, narrated and edited by me, Leo Richards. This channel (Natural World Facts) is a solo passion project dedicated to exploring the wonders of the natural world and telling stories that inspire! I'm so excited to share this series with you at last. Schmidt Ocean Institute (SOI) is a non-profit oceanographic research foundation that has been pioneering deep-sea research and discovery since 2009, on board their old vessel RV Falkor and their new RV Falkor (too). Their remotely operated vehicle (ROV) SuBastian is equipped with a suite of sensors and a 4K camera that has illuminated the depths and live-streamed dives around the world. Most footage shown is filmed and provided by SOI. Huge thank you to them for contributing their footage, and working with me to create this series! Check out their website: https://schmidtocean.org/ Music Used: Most tracks sourced from Artlist, aside from a number of wonderful original elements, themes and motifs crafted by the fantastic Robb Taylor ​⁠(@robbtaylormusic on Instagram). Check out his website at robbtaylor.org 00:00 - Introduction to the Deep Ocean 00:52 - The Zones of the Deep Ocean 03:32 - Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) 04:50 - Entering the Midnight Zone (Bathypelagic) 06:22 - Deep Sea Adaptations - Soft Bodies 07:02 - Deep Sea Adaptations - Gigantism in Greenland Sharks 07:51 - Deep Sea Adaptations - Ctenophores (Comb Jellies) 09:54 - Deep Sea Anglerfish - Bioluminescence & Parasitic Males 11:16 - Fusiform, Compressiform & Globiform Fish 13:44 - Midnight Zone Fish - The Sawtooth Eel 14:29 - Midnight Zone Fish - The Snipe Eel 15:47 - Midnight Zone Fish - The Gulper Eel 16:34 - Deep Sea Adaptations - Ultra-Blackness 17:32 - Midnight Zone Fish - Dragonfish 18:09 - Midnight Zone Fish - Toothy Viperfish 19:06 - Midnight Zone Fish - Pacific Blackchin 19:54 - Midnight Zone Fish - Chimaera (Holocephali) 20:35 - Deep Sea Cephalopods - The Dumbo Octopus 21:55 - Deep Sea Cephalopods - An Overview 22:58 - Deep Sea Cephalopods - Whiplash Squid 24:40 - Deep Sea Cephalopods - Strawberry Squid 26:27 - [Sponsored Interlude] 27:36 - The Aphotic Zone 28:13 - Deep Sea Cephalopods - The Glass Octopus 30:07 - Active Predators - Twilight Zone Squid 30:54 - Active Predators - Humboldt Squid 32:12 - Deep Sea Detritivores - Marine Snow 32:33 - Deep Sea Detritivores - The Vampire Squid 33:22 - A Deep Sea Mother - The Black-eyed Squid 35:15 - The Barrel Amphipod (Phronima) 35:49 - Deep Sea Larvae 36:38 - Deep Sea Hitchhikers 37:43 - Deep Sea Jellyfish - Deepstaria 38:48 - Deep Sea Jellyfish - Big Red Jelly (Tiburonia) 39:23 - Deep Sea Jellyfish - Giant Phantom Jelly (Stygiomedusa) 42:12 - Deep Sea Jellyfish - An Overview 42:50 - Siphonophores - Structures and Varieties 45:34 - Siphonophores - Splitting the Stem 48:48 - Cycles of Life & Nutrients - A Woodland Parallel 52:16 - Swimming Sea Cucumbers 53:38 - Introducing the Deep Sea Floor CHECK OUT MY DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology

Ocean Watch: A Tale of Deep Sea Exploration, created in collaboration with Schmidt Ocean Institute. Support my work on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/naturalworldfacts Written, narrated and edited by me, Leo Richards. This channel (Natural World Facts) is my passion project dedicated to exploring the wonders of the natural world and telling stories that inspire! This film is unusual in that it is my first piece of contract work, commissioned by Schmidt Ocean Institute, who have kindly given me permission to post it here on YouTube - so the style might seem a little different to usual, but I had a blast making it. The film premiered at the Royal Institution in London. See the film's outro for full credits. Thank you to everyone at SOI who recorded the footage, gave interviews, piloted the ROV, kept the ship running, and managed a boat-load (literally) of media and footage to make this film possible! Schmidt Ocean Institute (SOI) is a non-profit oceanographic research foundation that has been pioneering deep-sea research and discovery since 2009, on board their old vessel RV Falkor and their new RV Falkor (too). Their remotely operated vehicle (ROV) SuBastian is equipped with a suite of sensors and a 4K camera that has illuminated the depths and live-streamed dives around the world. Most footage shown is filmed and provided by SOI. Check out their website: https://schmidtocean.org/ Dolphin mission: https://planetwild.com/worldfacts/8 If you love my content, you should check out Planet Wild. They're an environmental protection YouTube channel from Berlin. They’re on a mission to protect biodiversity in troubled ecosystems around the globe. They're on a mission to bring back endangered species, clean up our oceans from plastic and rewild entire forests to give them back to nature. If you want to get to know them, check out their work here where they’re protecting dolphins from noise pollution from tourist boats that are destroying their acoustic habitat. Planet Wild went to Portugal's Algarve coast to learn more about the secret language of dolphins and help protect them: https://planetwild.com/worldfacts/8 00:00 - Introduction to the Deep Ocean 05:39 - 1 - In Search of Hydrothermal Lost Cities 06:58 - 1 - Hydrothermal Vents of the Puy de Folles Seamount 08:46 - 1 - Hydrothermal Vent Formation and Processes 10:37 - 2 - The Underworld of Hydrothermal Vents 11:52 - 2 - The Tica Vent Field 12:43 - 2 - The Giant Tube Worm, Riftia pachyptila 13:43 - 2 - The Dispersal of Life at Hydrothermal Vents 14:35 - 2 - A New Deep Sea Ecosystem 15:17 - 3 - Octopus Odyssey: The Octopus Gardens 16:47 - 3 - New Findings at the Octopus Gardens 17:55 - 3 - Muusoctopus: Reproduction and Hatching 19:15 - 4 - Health Diagnostics of Deep Sea Corals 20:34 - 4 - Mesophotic Corals of Puerto Rico 22:19 - 4 - DISCO & SOLARIS: Reactive Oxygen Species Sensors 24:31 - 5 - Vertical Reefs of the Galapagos 25:29 - 5 - Corals of the Vertical Reefs 26:17 - 5 - Mapping the Vertical Reefs 27:05 - 5 - Wonders of the Deep Galapagos 27:57 - 6 - Ultra Fine-Scale Seafloor Mapping 30:01 - 6 - Innovations in Deep Sea Exploration 31:26 - 6 - Mapping the Deep Sea Floor 32:51 - 7 - The Challenges of Exploring the Deep 33:45 - 7 - Hydrothermal Vents of the Galapagos 34:31 - 7 - The Great Squat Lobster Trail 35:20 - 7 - A Newly Discovered Hydrothermal Vent Field 35:56 - The True Extent of the Deep Sea 38:17 - The Achievements of Falkor (too) 39:14 - Outro and Credits CHECK OUT MY DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Music Used: All tracks sourced from Artlist. #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology

Announcing an exciting new film project with Schmidt Ocean Institute! Join us in-person at the Royal Institution in London on the 27th January (7pm) for the world premier of Ocean Watch, a 40-minute documentary film featuring new deep-sea discoveries and showcasing mesmerising never-before-seen deep sea footage from Schmidt Ocean Institute and their new global-glass research vessel, R/V Falkor (too)! Book your tickets to the premier at the Royal Institution in London here (disclaimer - I don't make any money from ticketing): https://www.rigb.org/whats-on/world-premiere-ocean-watch There will be an in-person Q&A following the film with writer/director/narrator Leo Richards (me :D), facilitated by Dr. Carlie Wiener, Head of Communications at Schmidt Ocean Institute. -- Film bio: Our planet’s oceans, a realm shrouded in mystery, cover 70% of the Earth’s surface, yet a staggering 95% remains unexplored and unknown. These waters hold secrets more fascinating than our wildest imaginings, landscapes more alien than any distant planet, and biodiversity that rivals the densest rainforests’ richness. Join us aboard the state-of-the-art research vessel, R/V Falkor (too), a beacon of modern oceanographic exploration. Equipped with leading-edge technology and an advanced underwater robot capable of plunging to depths of 4,500 meters, R/V Falkor (too) is your gateway to witnessing the uncharted wonders of the deep sea. Experience the thrill of discovery as our expert team unveils groundbreaking findings from their latest scientific missions. Immerse yourself in the mesmerising beauty of underwater ecosystems, never before seen by human eyes—marvel at unveiling new species, each a puzzle piece in understanding our planet’s most enigmatic environment. Witness the groundbreaking research and innovative technologies shining a light into the ocean’s darkest depths. Schmidt Ocean Institute, Natural World Facts and the Ri invite you, ocean enthusiasts, budding marine biologists, and curious minds of all ages, to embark on this unparalleled adventure. Also hear from Schmidt Ocean Institute's executive director, Jyotika Virmani, who will speak at the Ri on Monday 22 January 2024 about charting the unknown depths! Book tickets to that separate event here: https://www.rigb.org/whats-on/oceanic-enigma-charting-unknown-95 #ocean #oceanlife #deepsea #wildlifedocumentary

The Deep Sea Twilight Zone | Worlds of the Deep episode 1, a collaboration with Schmidt Ocean Institute. Thank you to Masterworks for sponsoring Natural World Facts. Skip the waitlist and invest in blue-chip art for the very first time by signing up for Masterworks: https://www.masterworks.art/nwf - See important Masterworks disclosures: https://www.masterworks.com/cd In the deep ocean, life is concentrated at chemosynthetic oases where primary production is made possible via chemosynthesis at cold seeps and deep sea hydrothermal vents. The non-chemosynthetic regions of the deep are divided into two very different worlds. First is the midwater, where pelagic wanderers tread migratory routes that span entire oceans, and planktonic drifters and their predators take part in bioluminescent light shows. It is separated into zones based on depth, including the sunlight zone (epipelagic), twilight zone (mesopelagic), midnight zone (bathypelagic), abyssal and hadal zones. And below, lies the deep sea floor. A kingdom of mud and ooze, where sessile creatures cling to any solid outcrop and corals craft kingdoms on the seamount crusts. The worlds of the deep sea could not be more different, and yet their stories are fundamentally intertwined. In this episode, we delve into the Twilight Zone. Support my work on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/naturalworldfacts Episodes: 1 - The Twilight Zone 2 - The Midnight Zone - coming soon 3 - The Abyssal Plain - coming soon 4 - Seamounts and Canyons - coming soon 5 - Hydrothermal Vents - coming soon Written, narrated and edited by me, Leo Richards. This channel (Natural World Facts) is a solo passion project dedicated to exploring the wonders of the natural world and telling stories that inspire! I'm so excited to share this series with you at last. Schmidt Ocean Institute (SOI) is a non-profit oceanographic research foundation that has been pioneering deep-sea research and discovery since 2009, on board their old vessel RV Falkor and their new RV Falkor (too). Their remotely operated vehicle (ROV) SuBastian is equipped with a suite of sensors and a 4K camera that has illuminated the depths and live-streamed dives around the world. Most footage shown is filmed and provided by SOI. Huge thank you to them for contributing their footage, and working with me to create this series! Check out their website: https://schmidtocean.org/ 00:00 - Introduction to the Deep Ocean 04:04 - The Ocean Midwater 05:21 - Introducing Schmidt Ocean Institute 06:54 - The Sunlight Zone (Epipelagic) 08:51 - The Twilight Zone (Mesopelagic) 10:40 - Twilight Zone Drifters - Gossamer Worm 11:28 - Twilight Zone Drifters - Bloody-belly Comb Jelly 12:12 - Twilight Zone Drifters - Swimming Sea Snails 12:48 - Twilight Zone Drifters - Deep Sea Siphonophores 14:47 - Twilight Zone Drifters - Meroplankton and Larvae 15:35 - Twilight Zone Drifters - The Life Cycle of Jellyfish 16:31 - Twilight Zone Drifters - Deep Sea Jellyfish 17:38 - Introducing Nekton - Active Swimmers 18:38 - Deep Sea Cephalopods - The Glass Octopus 19:10 - Deep Sea Cephalopods - The Glass Squid 19:52 - Deep Sea Cephalopods - Inking as Defence 20:41 - Deep Sea Cephalopods - Mimicry of Swordtail Squid 21:43 - Deep Sea Cephalopods - Hunting Techniques 22:38 - Deep Sea Adaptations - Countershading and Counter-illumination 23:54 - Deep Sea Adaptations - Silvering in Cutlassfish 25:43 - Deep Sea Adaptations - Silvering in Hatchetfish 27:00 - Deep Sea Adaptations - Strawberry Squid 27:40 - Vertical Migration - Introduction 29:14 - Vertical Migration - the Largest Migration 30:50 - Vertical Migration - Deep Sea Lanternfish and Humboldt Squid 32:30 - Vertical Migration - the Deep Sea Food Web 33:55 - The Midnight Zone (Bathypelagic) 35:13 - Sponsored Segment - Masterworks X NWF CHECK OUT MY DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Disclaimer from sponsor: This video and information about Masterworks are not targeted to residents of any particular country or jurisdiction. Investing involves risk and the value of investments can go up as well as down. Before investing you should review the offering circular for the particular offering you are considering, including the section entitled "Risk Factors". Masterworks and its agents are not registered to of er investment services in any non-U.S. jurisdiction and the offerings have not been registered, reviewed, or approved by any regulatory authority in any non-U.S. jurisdiction. Accordingly, non-U.S. residents must take reasonable steps to confirm that their participation in a Masterworks offering does not violate the laws of the jurisdiction in which they reside. Music Used: All tracks sourced from Artlist, aside from the closing track which was created by Tatiana A. Gordeva. #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology

Explore the wonders of the deep ocean as you've never seen them before! In this collaborative film series, I am working with Schmidt Ocean Institute and their extensive library of 4K footage from an array the deep sea's remarkable ecosystems to bring their discoveries to light through a series of immersive films. Below are the episodes in order (subject to change). 1 - The Twilight Zone 2 - The Midnight Zone 3 - The Abyssal Plain 4 - Seamounts and Canyons 5 - Hydrothermal Vents I will also release two compiled films combining the midwater episodes and the sea floor episodes: 1 - Into the Abyss: The Midwater World (Full Movie) 2 - Into the Abyss: The Deep Sea Floor (Full Movie) Schmidt Ocean Institute is a non-profit oceanographic research foundation that has been pioneering deep-sea research and discovery since 2009, on board their old vessel RV Falkor and their brand new RV Falkor (too), the most advanced marine research vessels in the world. Their remotely operated vehicle (ROV) SuBastian is equipped with a suite of sensors and a 4K camera that has illuminated the depths and live-streamed dives around the world. All footage shown is filmed and provided by Schmidt Ocean Institute. Huge thank you to them for allowing me to access their footage, and work alongside them to create this series! Check out their website: https://schmidtocean.org/ Written, narrated and edited by me, Leo Richards. This channel (Natural World Facts) is a solo passion project dedicated to exploring the wonders of the natural world and telling stories that inspire! I'm so excited to share this series with you at last.

Explore the underwater world of Raja Ampat in the Coral Triangle across four feature length 4K films, filmed over 30 years by underwater videographer Edi Frommenwiler. The Coral Triangle is one of the most biodiverse places on Earth, hosting reefs and atolls that support abundant life, from the beautiful and charismatic, to the weird and wonderful. The series will be divided into the following episodes, with the fourth exploring Edi's experiences of diving in the region, and the threats he has witnessed this troubled paradise succumb to: 1 - The Coral Triangle 2 - Night on the Reef 3 - The Sandy Bottom 4 - A Troubled Paradise (or Beyond the Reef - name TBC) Edi Frommenwiler is an underwater explorer, diver, conservationist, and cameraman, based on board his live-a-board boat the Pindito. To find out more about his work, and explore the possibility of joining him on board to have your own underwater adventure, click here: https://pindito.com/en/ Written, narrated and edited by me, Leo Richards. This channel is a solo passion project dedicated to exploring the wonders of the natural world and telling stories that inspire! I'm so excited to share this series with you at last. :)

Deep Sea Gigantism | Why Creatures of the Deep Grow so Large. Enter at https://www.omaze.com/naturalworldfacts for your chance to win a Custom Tesla® Model S-APEX and support a great cause, the Petersen Automotive Museum. The experience closes on January 27th at 11:59pm PST and I promise, you don’t want to miss this! Deep sea (abyssal) gigantism demonstrates the role of natural selection in driving evolution and survival, particularly in an environment characterised by challenging conditions and limited resources. Evolution tends towards the most effective adaptations to grant animals the best chances of survival. And whether large or small, evolution selects for the best-adapted body size to survive these conditions. Though widely debated and often controversial, the research that has been done into the science behind deep sea gigantism has significant implications in the human world; it is believed that climate change may have a greater impact on ocean dwellers than any other population of animals. As the colder oceans warm up, the balance of temperature, oxygen supply, and what organisms are present, will throw the equilibrium off course. And the giants, which rely so heavily on this fine balance, may be the first to go. Support me on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/naturalworldfacts 00:00 - Introduction to Deep Sea Gigantism 02:27 - Kleiber's Rule - The Pressure Misconception 04:06 - Kleiber's Rule - How Buoyancy Enables Gigantism 05:00 - Kleiber's Rule - The Efficiency of Larger Animals 05:52 - Kleiber's Rule - Food Availability in the Deep Sea 07:00 - Gigantism Examples - Gigantism in Amphipods 08:45 - Gigantism Examples - The Colossal Squid 09:18 - Gigantism Examples - The Humboldt Squid 09:38 - Gigantism Examples - The Magnapinna (Bigfin Squid) 10:52 - Gigantism Examples - The Sleeper Sharks 13:41 - Kleiber's Rule - Metabolism of Deep Sea Giants 14:59 - Kleiber's Rule - Gigantism in Sponges 16:02 - Polar Gigantism - Bergmann's Rule 17:43 - Polar Gigantism - Giant Polar Invertebrates 20:00 - Polar Gigantism - The Oxygen-Temperature Hypothesis 21:34 - Polar Gigantism - A Fragile Ecosystem 23:05 - The Island Rule - A Scale Model of Evolution 24:20 - The Island Rule - Adaptive Radiation (Darwin's Finches) 25:19 - Insular Gigantism and Dwarfism 26:29 - Deep Sea Gigantism and Dwarfism 28:16 - The Island Rule - Islands and the Deep Sea 29:40 - Conclusion CHECK OUT MY DEEP SEA WEBSITE: [https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/](https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/) Written, Narrated and Edited by Leo Richards I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find, which is allowed due to YouTube's 'Fair Use' policy as these films are transformative and for educational purposes. Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of Schmidt Ocean Institute, MBARI, WHOI and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Most footage is used with explicit permission of the copyright owner. In cases where I cannot contact the owner or have not received a reply, I use certain clips in accordance with the Fair Use policy. Music Used: Ocean by Aleksey Chistilin Il. Largo by Hawkins Under Canopies by Spearfisher Ripples by Tamuz Dekel Parallel Dimension by Onyx Music Marakana by Alon Peretz Come Back Home by Ardie Son Elapsed by Sémø Life by O.B Waiting for a New Day by Aleksey Chistilin Stream by ANBR Sun Up by Laurel Violet Home of the Gumon by Gareth Coker Slow Tides by Eleven Tales Beneath the Mountain by Rising Tide Autumn Nights by O.B #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Bibliography: The Island Rule and the evolution of body size in the deep sea - JSTOR (no date). Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3838549.pdf Vermeij, G.J. (2016) Gigantism and its implications for the history of life, PloS one. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4714876/ (Accessed: November 14, 2022). Why do some creatures in the deep sea grow to enormous sizes? (2022) Science ABC. Available at: https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/animals/creatures-deep-sea-grow-enormous-sizes.html

I shot this on location in the UK's New Forest National Park, a haven of wild heaths and ancient woodlands, sheltering an oasis of wildlife. I visit the woods quite often - once a week, if I'm able - but year by year I can see the biodiversity wane. This short film aims to highlight the issue of habitat and biodiversity loss in the UK due to industrialisation, climate issues, and pollution. It also serves as a prelude to an upcoming series filmed in the New Forest, covering British Wildlife from life in the waterways to the log piles and the treetops. Written, filmed and narrated by Leo Richards. Filmed on location in the New Forest National Park, UK. To celebrate National Poetry Day (6th October) and this year's theme of 'The Environment' I have collaborated with @Ecoflix to run a #WriteForTheWild poetry competition! I hope this film inspires you to grab a pen and take part. Read how below. About Ecoflix: Ecoflix is the world's first not-for-profit media group dedicated to wildlife and conservation storytelling. This is not a sponsorship, but a collaboration. I'm very excited to be working with them on a few upcoming projects :D Check out Ecoflix here: https://ecoflix.com/ How to Get Involved: All you have to do is write a short poem about the environment and send us a photo of the poem which we will share to our social media channels! Feel free to get creative and share your poems as part of a wildlife drawing too! Check out my poem in this video for inspiration. I chose to touch upon the issue of biodiversity loss as our country's wild havens continue to be ravaged by agriculture, industry, and a disregard for the fragility and importance of nature that seems to plague the population. Please share your submissions to Instagram and tag @ecoflixofficial and @naturalwfacts to have them shared. The deadline for submissions will be the 16th October, with the winner announced shortly after. The winner will receive a 1 year subscription to Ecoflix for themselves or their family, plus for another friend or family too! :D #nationalpoetryday #wildlife #nature #artlistcreativefest

Deep Sea Chemosynthetic Oases Full Movie. Exploring hydrothermal vents, cold-seep habitats, and food-falls including whale-falls and the communities at shipwrecks. This is the full version of my 3-part Deep Sea Chemosynthesis miniseries. Support me on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/naturalworldfacts Individual Episode Links: Part 1 | Hydrothermal vents: https://youtu.be/ECBbAjoEHWI Part 2 | Deep-Sea Cold Seeps: https://youtu.be/y2a9LJ3ZqAM Part 3 | Deep-Sea Food Falls: https://youtu.be/rLGOtKHy06o 00:00:00 - Introduction to Chemosynthetic Oases 00:02:00 - Chapter 1.1 - Hydrothermal Vents | Primary Production 00:07:57 - Chapter 1.2 - Hydrothermal Vents | Vent Communities 00:17:38 - Chapter 2.1 - Cold Seeps | Geological Origins 00:25:44 - Chapter 2.2 - Cold Seeps | Seep Varieties 00:38:50 - Chapter 3.1 - Food Falls | Whale-Falls and Carrion 00:45:18 - Chapter 3.2 - Food Falls | Wood-Falls and Shipwrecks 00:58:09 - Outro CHECK OUT MY DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Written, Narrated and Edited by Leo Richards Music Used: I can't fit it all here, but lists of all tracks used, in order of appearance, can be found in the video descriptions of the individual episodes. See the links above to view. I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find, which is allowed due to YouTube's 'Fair Use' policy as these films are transformative and for educational purposes. Majority of footage is obtained through footage requests to the respective organisations. Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of Ocean Networks Canada, CSSF-ROPOS, Schmidt Ocean Institute, MBARI, WHOI and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Most footage is used with explicit permission of the copyright owner. In cases where I cannot contact the owner or have not received a reply, I use certain clips in accordance with the Fair Use policy. #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Bibliography: Cordes, E.E., Bergquist, D.C. and Fisher, C.R., 2009. Macro-ecology of Gulf of Mexico cold seeps. Annual Review of Marine Science, 1, pp.143-168. FiShER, C., Roberts, H., Cordes, E. and Bernard, B., 2007. Cold seeps and associated communities of the Gulf of Mexico. Oceanography, 20(4), pp.118-129. Jones, B., 2022. The bizarre deep-sea creatures living on the Endurance shipwreck. [online] Vox. Available at: https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/2022/3/9/22969054/endurance-shipwreck-deep-sea-animals Martin, W., Baross, J., Kelley, D. and Russell, M., 2008. Hydrothermal vents and the origin of life. Nature Reviews Microbiology, [online] 6(11), pp.805-814. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro1991 McClain, C. and Barry, J., 2014. Beta-diversity on deep-sea wood falls reflects gradients in energy availability. Biology Letters, 10(4), p.20140129. McClain, C., 2022. A Lonely Tree Far From Home Brings New Life to the Ocean Deep: A Narrative in Five Acts | Deep Sea News. [online] Deep Sea News | All the news on the Earth's largest environment. Available at: https://www.deepseanews.com/2012/04/a-lonely-tree-far-from-home-brings-new-life-to-the-ocean-deep-a-narrative-in-five-acts/ McClain, C., 2022. Will My Wood Research Be Poplar? | Deep Sea News. [online] Deep Sea News | All the news on the Earth's largest environment. Available at: https://www.deepseanews.com/2014/01/will-my-wood-research-be-poplar/ McClain, C., 2022. Wood, It’s What’s For Dinner | Deep Sea News. [online] Deep Sea News | All the news on the Earth's largest environment. Available at: https://www.deepseanews.com/2009/11/wood-its-whats-for-dinner/ Mullineaux, L., Metaxas, A., Beaulieu, S., Bright, M., Gollner, S., Grupe, B., Herrera, S., Kellner, J., Levin, L., Mitarai, S., Neubert, M., Thurnherr, A., Tunnicliffe, V., Watanabe, H. and Won, Y., 2018. Exploring the Ecology of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents in a Metacommunity Framework. Frontiers in Marine Science, [online] 5. Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2018.00049/full Parsons, J., 2022. Amazing marine life now covers the 107-year-old Endurance shipwreck. [online] Metro. Available at: https://metro.co.uk/2022/03/09/amazing-marine-life-now-covers-the-107-year-old-endurance-shipwreck-16244253/ Sasaki, T., Warén, A., Kano, Y., Okutani, T. and Fujikura, K., 2010. Gastropods from recent hot vents and cold seeps: systematics, diversity and life strategies. The vent and seep biota, pp.169-254. Suess, E., 2020. Marine cold seeps: background and recent advances. Hydrocarbons, Oils and Lipids: Diversity, Origin, Chemistry and Fate, pp.747-767. Zierenberg, R., Adams, M. and Arp, A., 2000. Life in extreme environments: Hydrothermal vents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, [online] 97(24), pp.12961-12962. Available at: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.210395997

Chemosynthetic Oases | Deep Sea Food-Falls and Wood-Falls. The first 100 people to download Endel by clicking the link below will get a free week of audio experiences! https://app.adjust.com/b8wxub6?campaign=naturalworldfacts_june&adgroup=youtube The degradation of food-falls at the bottom of the ocean can create partially chemosynthetic environments. In the case of sunken whale carcasses (whale falls), the supply of organic material supports an ecological succession of communities. But perhaps less well-documented than the scavengers at whale-falls are the creatures that rely on wood instead. When trees become uprooted by storms or ships capsize at sea, losing their buoyancy as the pressure of the ocean forces out any air trapped within, bits of wood sink to the ocean floor where they create fleeting oases of life (wood falls), including shipwrecks, like that of the Titanic. The scarcity of food in parts of the deep ocean creates an environment where very little goes to waste. The animal and microbial life that dwells down here has become resourceful, able to make the most of even unexpected resources. So it comes as no surprise that the deep ocean hosts complex biological communities adapted to thrive on this sunken wood. Support me on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/naturalworldfacts Part 1 - Hydrothermal Vents: https://youtu.be/ECBbAjoEHWI Part 2 - Cold-seep Environments: https://youtu.be/y2a9LJ3ZqAM 00:00 - Introduction to Deep-Sea Food Falls 01:45 - Whale-Falls - Partial Chemosynthetic Oases 02:18 - Whale-Falls - The Mobile Scavenger Stage 02:35 - Whale-Falls - The Enrichment Opportunist Stage 02:53 - Whale-Falls - The Sulfophilic Stage 04:05 - Whale-Falls - Ecological Stepping Stones 05:27 - Other Food-Fall Events 06:06 - Elasmobranch Food-Fall Events 07:20 - Wood-Falls - Origins and Formation 08:54 - Wood-Fall Specialists - Xylophaga Bivalves 10:07 - Wood-Fall Specialists - Giant Shipworm 10:24 - Wood-Fall Specialists - Munidopsis Yeti Crabs 11:01 - Wood-Falls - Terrestrial Deadwood Communities 11:45 - Wood-Falls - Endosymbiotic and Chemosynthetic Bacteria 13:03 - Wood-Falls - Bathymodiolus Mussels 14:00 - Wood-Falls - Ecological Stepping Stones 15:02 - Shipwrecks - Wreck of Whaling Brig Industry 16:06 - Shipwrecks - Wreck of Endurance 17:31 - Shipwrecks - Colonisers of Endurance 18:53 - Shipwrecks - Wreck of SS Bluefields and U-576 19:36 - Shipwrecks - Wreck of RMS Titanic 20:12. -Conclusion CHECK OUT MY DEEP SEA WEBSITE: [https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/](https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/) Written, Narrated and Edited by Leo Richards I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find, which is allowed due to YouTube's 'Fair Use' policy as these films are transformative and for educational purposes. Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of Schmidt Ocean Institute, MBARI, WHOI and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Most footage is used with explicit permission of the copyright owner. In cases where I cannot contact the owner or have not received a reply, I use certain clips in accordance with the Fair Use policy. Music Used: Snake Island by Piotr Hummel The Peruvian Protest by Max H Serenity by Max H Sleeper Valley (Alternative Version) by Ardie Son Aries by Laurel Violet Redefined (Reworked) by Christopher Galovan Silent Transmission by Tamuz Dekel Shallow Water by Yehezkel Raz When The Sunrise by Yehezkel Raz #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Bibliography: Jones, B., 2022. The bizarre deep-sea creatures living on the Endurance shipwreck. [online] Vox. Available at: https://www.vox.com/down-to-earth/2022/3/9/22969054/endurance-shipwreck-deep-sea-animals McClain, C. and Barry, J., 2014. Beta-diversity on deep-sea wood falls reflects gradients in energy availability. Biology Letters, 10(4), p.20140129. McClain, C., 2022. A Lonely Tree Far From Home Brings New Life to the Ocean Deep: A Narrative in Five Acts | Deep Sea News. [online] Deep Sea News | All the news on the Earth's largest environment. Available at: https://www.deepseanews.com/2012/04/a-lonely-tree-far-from-home-brings-new-life-to-the-ocean-deep-a-narrative-in-five-acts/ McClain, C., 2022. Will My Wood Research Be Poplar? | Deep Sea News. [online] Deep Sea News | All the news on the Earth's largest environment. Available at: https://www.deepseanews.com/2014/01/will-my-wood-research-be-poplar/ McClain, C., 2022. Wood, It’s What’s For Dinner | Deep Sea News. [online] Deep Sea News | All the news on the Earth's largest environment. Available at: https://www.deepseanews.com/2009/11/wood-its-whats-for-dinner/ Parsons, J., 2022. Amazing marine life now covers the 107-year-old Endurance shipwreck. [online] Metro. Available at: https://metro.co.uk/2022/03/09/amazing-marine-life-now-covers-the-107-year-old-endurance-shipwreck-16244253/

Exploring life in the deep-ocean midwater is a long-standing challenge for deep-sea research. The region between the surface and sea-floor, a space that constitutes the largest most biodiverse habitat on Earth, remains poorly understood due to the limitations of sampling its gelatinous, fragile inhabitants. Robots in the Deep documents recent innovations that allow midwater animals to be sampled in-situ, non-intrusively, with greater efficiency than ever. ROVs and new sampling systems are opening a window onto midwaters which, during these times of uncertainty surrounding deep-sea exploitation and its impacts, is crucial to how we approach stewardship in our planet's last frontier. Created in collaboration with Schmidt Ocean Institute. Written, narrated and edited by Leo Richards. Produced by Logan Mock-Bunting. Featuring interviews with: Brennan Philips (University of Rhode Island) Kakani Katija (MBARI) Peter Girguis (Harvard University) Schmidt Ocean Institute: https://www.youtube.com/c/SchmidtOcean/featured This film is being entered into the Jackson Wild film festival as a student entry. 00:00 - Introduction 01:25 - Meet ROV SuBastian 02:54 - Exploring the Auka Vent Field 04:55 - Sampling the Deep Midwaters 08:01 - Remote Imaging Systems 09:33 - In-Situ Sampling 10:19 - Digital Holotypes 11:52 - Pushing the Envelope 12:25 - Outro #worldoceanday #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology

Chemosynthetic Oases | Deep Sea Cold Seeps. 🌍 Get exclusive NordVPN deal here: https://nordvpn.com/naturalworldfacts It’s risk free with Nord’s 30 day money-back guarantee! ✌️ The geological origins of cold seeps differ from hydrothermal vents. While vents form from volcanic activity at sea-floor spreading regions, cold seeps instead arise at the other end of oceanic plates, where they are subducted at the continental margin. Their formation begins with the burial of organic material under sediments on the sea-floor. These organic compounds degrade over time, producing methane. Over time, geological processes such as the tectonic compression of sediments at subduction zones forces the methane from deep reservoirs up through the overlying sediments. Anaerobic microbes dwelling below the sediment surface oxidise this methane using sulphate, producing hydrogen sulphide and bicarbonate ions as a byproduct. This hydrogen sulphide, along with any residual methane, then serves as a vital energy source for **chemosynthetic** microbes. Thus, it is a consortium of two distinct sets of microbes that makes primary productivity possible at cold seeps and lay the foundations of food webs here. The result is an environment remarkably similar to hydrothermal vents. We have a flux of sulphide and methane at the sea-floor, chemosynthetic microbes using these compounds, and an abundance of life exploiting this primary productivity, fulfilling similar ecological niches and forming biodiversity hotspots in the deep sea. Part 1 - Hydrothermal Vents: https://youtu.be/ECBbAjoEHWI Part 3 - Wood-falls and Food-falls: https://youtu.be/rLGOtKHy06o 00:00 - An Introduction to Cold Seeps 01:57 - Cold Seep Origins - Formation 03:28 - Cold Seep Origins - Seep Biodiversity 04:28 - Life at Cold Seeps - Bathymodiolus Mussels 05:02 - Life at Cold Seeps - Grazing Organisms 05:23 - Life at Cold Seeps - Siboglinid Tube Worms 07:13 - Life at Cold Seeps - Yeti Crabs 07:50 - Life at Cold Seeps - Predatory Organisms 08:20 - Life at Cold Seeps - The Benthic Filter 09:05 - Seep Varieties - Overview 09:47 - Seep Varieties - Mud Volcanoes 10:44 - Seep Varieties - Methane Hydrate Beds 12:57 - Seep Varieties - Asphalt Seeps 14:08 - Seep Varieties - Tar Lilies 15:47 - Seep Varieties - Brine Pools 17:29 - Ecological Succession - Carbonate Reefs 19:10 - Succession Stage I - Microbial Mats and Mussel Beds 19:50 - Succession Stage II - Tube Worm Bushes 20:02 - Succession Stage III - Carbonate Blockage 20:37 - Successional Stage IV - Coral Gardens 21:15 - Conclusion CHECK OUT MY DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Written, Narrated and Edited by Leo Richards Seep Animation custom made by Fabio Albertelli and Jakub Misiek I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find, which is allowed due to YouTube's 'Fair Use' policy as these films are transformative and for educational purposes. Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of Schmidt Ocean Institute, MBARI, WHOI and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Most footage is used with explicit permission of the copyright owner. In cases where I cannot contact the owner or have not received a reply, I use certain clips in accordance with the Fair Use policy. Music Used: Ascend (reworked) by Christopher Galovan Their Souls by Piotr Hummel Mysa by Laurel Violet Folklore by Ardie Son Stories from the Sky by Sid Acharya Nocturnal by LEMMINO In Love with Emi by Fabien Fustinoni Corals Under the Sun by Yehezkel Raz Landing on the Ground by Yehezkel Raz #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Bibliography: Cordes, E.E., Bergquist, D.C. and Fisher, C.R., 2009. Macro-ecology of Gulf of Mexico cold seeps. Annual Review of Marine Science, 1, pp.143-168. FiShER, C., Roberts, H., Cordes, E. and Bernard, B., 2007. Cold seeps and associated communities of the Gulf of Mexico. Oceanography, 20(4), pp.118-129. Sasaki, T., Warén, A., Kano, Y., Okutani, T. and Fujikura, K., 2010. Gastropods from recent hot vents and cold seeps: systematics, diversity and life strategies. The vent and seep biota, pp.169-254. Suess, E., 2020. Marine cold seeps: background and recent advances. Hydrocarbons, Oils and Lipids: Diversity, Origin, Chemistry and Fate, pp.747-767.

Chemosynthetic Oases | Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vents. Join me and go carbon neutral with Klima today. Click https://klima.onelink.me/GVvD/naturalworldfacts and enter code NATURALWORLD10 to claim 10 additional trees. The process of chemosynthesis is similar to photosynthesis. Both can be defined as the creation of organic matter from the fixation of inorganic carbon using energy. But what differs is the source of that energy. In parts of the deep sea, primary production is fuelled by chemical energy, rather than energy from the sun. But this can only take place at certain sea-floor environments where the required chemicals are released into the water. The two main examples of such environments are hydrothermal vents, and cold seeps. The former were only discovered in 1977 when scientists were exploring an oceanic spreading ridge near the Galapagos Islands. What they discovered was a hidden world that revolutionised our understanding of how and where life on Earth can exist. Since then, hundreds more vent field have been discovered, often at depths of 2km or more, along Earth’s convergent plate boundaries and at sea-floor spreading regions where the oceanic crust is moving apart. Part 2 - Cold Seeps: https://youtu.be/y2a9LJ3ZqAM Part 3 - Wood-falls and Food-falls: https://youtu.be/rLGOtKHy06o 00:00 - An Introduction to Chemosynthetic Oases 02:15 - Primary Production - Hydrothermal Vents 03:54 - Primary Production - Formation of Hydrothermal Vents 05:19 - Primary Production - Types of Hydrothermal Vents 06:00 - Primary Production - Chemosynthesis at Hydrothermal Vents 07:24 - Vent Communities - An Oasis in the Deep Sea 09:09 - Vent Communities - Interspecific Competition 10:12 - Vent Communities - Resource Partitioning 11:07 - Adaptations at Vents - Grazers and Suspension Feeders 11:46 - Adaptations at Vents - Yeti Crabs and Microbial Epibionts 12:17 - Adaptations at Vents - Tubeworm Endosymbiosis 13:06 - Adaptations at Vents - The Pompeii Worm 14:05 - Adaptations at Vents - Predatory Organisms 14:31 - Adaptations at Vents - Deep-sea Skates 14:57 - Adaptations at Vents - Life on the Periphery 15:50 - Adaptations at Vents - Endemism 16:15 - Adaptations at Vents - Origins of Life 17:13 - Conclusion CHECK OUT MY DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Written, Narrated and Edited by Leo Richards Vent Animation custom made by Fabio Albertelli and Jakub Misiek I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find, which is allowed due to YouTube's 'Fair Use' policy as these films are transformative and for educational purposes. Majority of footage is obtained through footage requests to the respective organisations. Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of Ocean Networks Canada, CSSF-ROPOS, Schmidt Ocean Institute, MBARI, WHOI and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Most footage is used with explicit permission of the copyright owner. In cases where I cannot contact the owner or have not received a reply, I use certain clips in accordance with the Fair Use policy. Music Used: How it Was by Laurel Violet Inborn by Piotr Hummel Back Home by Max H Once Loved by Max H Escaping Forever by Michael Vignola One Word (reworked) by Christopher Galovan Deep Blue Sea (instrumental) by Yehezkel Raz Autumn Nights by O.B #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Bibliography: Martin, W., Baross, J., Kelley, D. and Russell, M., 2008. Hydrothermal vents and the origin of life. Nature Reviews Microbiology, [online] 6(11), pp.805-814. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro1991 Mullineaux, L., Metaxas, A., Beaulieu, S., Bright, M., Gollner, S., Grupe, B., Herrera, S., Kellner, J., Levin, L., Mitarai, S., Neubert, M., Thurnherr, A., Tunnicliffe, V., Watanabe, H. and Won, Y., 2018. Exploring the Ecology of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents in a Metacommunity Framework. Frontiers in Marine Science, [online] 5. Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2018.00049/full Zierenberg, R., Adams, M. and Arp, A., 2000. Life in extreme environments: Hydrothermal vents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, [online] 97(24), pp.12961-12962. Available at: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.210395997

Deep Sea Brine Pools. 🌍 Get exclusive NordVPN deal here: https://nordvpn.com/naturalworldfacts It’s risk free with Nord’s 30 day money-back guarantee! ✌️ Deep Sea Brine Pools appear to be biological dead-zones in the ocean, and yet an astounding abundance of ocean life can be found lining the shores of these toxic lakes. Mussels, hagfish, crabs and even sharks frequent these isolated hotspots to hunt. A community of uniquely adapted organisms is able to thrive on the brine pool shore; in a similar fashion to the life that inhabits deep sea hydrothermal vent communities, we find organisms capable of chemosynthesis, as well as other organisms preying on them – all interacting and existing on the borders of a toxic pool of brine. As the energy here is largely supplied by chemosynthesis, rather than sunlight, brine pools also mirror hydrothermal vents in demonstrating how the extreme deep sea ecosystem is unique in the ways in which it supports life. There are no photosynthesising primary producers converting sunlight to energy, as the light of the sun cannot reach these depths. Instead, energy is supplied by the Earth itself. 00:00 - An Introduction to Brine Pools 01:39 - Brine Pool Origins - Formation in the Gulf of Mexico 03:01 - Brine Pool Origins - Landforms and Features 04:10 - Life on the Edge - Hot Tubs of Despair 05:31 - Life on the Edge - Biological Hotspots 06:54 - Life on the Edge - A Chemosynthetic Oasis 07:54 - Life on the Edge - Ecological Interactions 09:12 - Life on the Edge - A Delicate Ecosystem 09:38 - Conclusion CHECK OUT MY DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Narrated by Leo Richards Co-written by Leo Richards and Blake Frutiger Blake's socials: https://www.instagram.com/bfrutiger99/ I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find, which is allowed due to YouTube's 'Fair Use' policy as these films are for educational purposes. Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of Schmidt Ocean Institute, MBARI, WHOI and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Music Used: Wonder by VYEN Ambient Sci-Fi Music by Eon Inhale by VYEN Signal To Noise by Scott Buckley Storyteller by O.B. #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Bibliography: http://www.oceanx.org/brine-pools-exploring-an-alien-world-for-blue-planet-ii/ https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02mexico/background/brinepool/brinepool.html https://www.science.gov/topicpages/d/deep+brine+pool https://www.scienceandthesea.org/program/201104/brine-lakes

Whale-falls of the Deep Sea. Fallen whale carcasses, abundant in the deep-sea, form ecosystems of their own. When a whale dies and sinks, the carcass provides a sudden, concentrated food source and creates an 'island' of organic matter on an otherwise food-poor seabed. Its body can last for decades, supporting an ever-changing ecosystem that blooms out of the barren darkness like flowers in spring. As it decomposes, different stages support a succession of marine biological communities. It is these complex and fascinating stages that we will explore in this video. READ MORE: https://www.naturalworldfacts.com/whale-fall-ecosystems #deepsea #wildlife #nature #animals #ocean #fish #science #biology 00:00 - A Introduction to Whale-falls 01:44 - Ecology of a Whale-fall - Islands on the Sea-floor 02:55 - Ecology of a Whale-fall - Ecological Succession 04:05 - Formation of a Whale-fall 05:13 - Stage 1: The Mobile Scavenger Stage 06:45 - Stage 2: The Enrichment Opportunist Stage 08:15 - Stage 3: The Sulfophilic Stage 10:11 - Stage 4: The Reef Stage 11:06 - Conclusion Footage used is from Nautilus Live, MBARI, MarumTV, Jamstec and various YouTube sources. Please reach out if any further clarification is needed, to the email address my YouTube channel's 'about' page. Usage is educational and transformative. Music Used: In The Throes by Asher Fulero Sonora by Quincas Moreira Noir Et Blanc Vie by Knowpe Finding the Pattern by Jessica Curry A Choice by Jessica Curry The Manifestation by Jessica Curry Resources: https://www.npr.org/2019/09/13/760664122/what-happens-after-a-whale-dies https://nerc.ukri.org/planetearth/stories/137/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25251277/ https://www.mbari.org/whale-falls-islands-of-abundance-and-diversity-in-the-deep-sea/

Deep Sea Sponges (Porifera). 🌍 Get exclusive NordVPN deal here: https://nordvpn.com/naturalworldfacts It’s risk free with Nord’s 30 day money-back guarantee! ✌️ Sponges (Porifera) of the deep sea play a vital role in supporting communities of life. With over 8,500 sponge species known to science, and colonising vast areas of the sea floor from the shallow intertidal zone to the continental slope and the abyssal plain of the deep, their success is extraordinary and their importance unparalleled. They are ecosystem engineers. By building reefs and cycling nutrients, they form the foundation of many communities, and have been doing so for over 600 million years. This is the wonderful world of sponges. 00:00 - Introduction to Sponges 01:35 - Anatomy of Sponges - The Basic Morphology 02:28 - Anatomy of Sponges - Boring and Encrusting Sponges 02:51 - Anatomy of Sponges - Erect Sponges 03:11 - Anatomy of Sponges - The Sclereocytes 03:52 - Anatomy of Sponges - The Archeocytes 04:13 - Anatomy of Sponges - The Choanocytes 04:45 - Role of Sponges - The Importance of Pumping 05:26 - Role of Sponges - Reef-builders 06:33 - Role of Sponges - The Sponge Crab Symbiosis 07:52 - Sponges of the Deep - The Sponge Gardens 09:09 - Sponges of the Deep - Carnivorous Sponges 10:16 - Sponges of the Deep - Benthic-Pelagic Coupling 11:03 - Sponges of the Deep - Calcareous Sponges 11:30 - Sponges of the Deep - Silaceous Sponges 12:06 - Sponges of the Deep - Life at the Vents 12:33 - Conclusion CHECK OUT OUR DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find. Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of MBARI, WHOI and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Music Used: Storyteller by O.B Into Memories by Viam Spiritus Autumn Nights by O.B Life by O.B Thinking of You by O.B #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Bibliography: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sponge.html https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-20389-4_9 https://usa.oceana.org/deep-sea-corals-and-sponges-0/ https://www.biologydiscussion.com/invertebrate-zoology/phylum-porifera/3-main-classes-of-phylum-porifera/32574

Deep Sea Aggregations Explained. In the deep sea, going alone is rarely an option. The harsh environments of the deep ocean are an imposing challenge for a lone organism to face, as the dark conceals many dangers, while dazzling bioluminescence deceives unwitting prey. For this reason, deep sea animals tend not to spread out. Instead, wherever possible, they come together in their masses to create abundant patches of life in the lonely depths. Hotspots of biodiversity, in stark contrast with the otherwise barren stretch of darkness. Safety in numbers is a fool-proof survival strategy that increases their chances of finding food, evading predation, or having reproductive success in the endless blue. From vibrant coral gardens and deep sea scavenger communities, to expansive jellyfish blooms that cloud the ocean surface, these are the animal aggregations of the oceans. 00:00 - An Introduction to Deep Sea Aggregations 01:48 - Pelagic Aggregations - Challenges of the Open Ocean 02:49 - Pelagic Aggregations - The Jellyfish Blooms 04:08 - Pelagic Aggregations - Schooling and Shoaling of Fish 05:42 - Pelagic Aggregations - The Great Diel Vertical Migration 07:01 - Pelagic Aggregations - The Nutrient Supply Chain 07:56 - Sea-floor Aggregations - Colonisers of the Benthos 08:15 - Sea-floor Aggregations - Scavenger Communities 09:01 - Sea-floor Aggregations - The Life of Whale-falls 10:37 - Sea-floor Aggregations - The Octopus Garden 10:57 - Sea-floor Aggregations - Cold-water Coral Gardens 11:25 - Sea-floor Aggregations - The Importance of Seamounts 12:11 - Sea-floor Aggregations - Deep Sea Sessile Communities 12:34 - Sea-floor Aggregations - The Sponge Grounds 13:42 - Sea-floor Aggregations - Symbiosis in the Benthos 14:32 - Sea-floor Aggregations - Chemosynthetic Communities 15:42 - Conclusion CHECK OUT MY DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find, which is allowed due to YouTube's 'Fair Use' policy as these films are for educational purposes. Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of Schmidt Ocean Institute, MBARI, WHOI and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Music Used: On Earth by We Dream of Eden When I Looked Up by We Dream of Eden Earth by Luca Francini Crystal Sky by virtualmaxx 'Ambient Sci-fi Music' by Eon See You Soon by Samuel Plachtinsky Soul’s Departure by Darren Curtis Eternal Sleep by Darren Curtis Sounds of the Deep by Darren Curtis A big thank you to We Dream of Eden for letting me use their tracks! Links below: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdQpf_7qoyjPfwoF4Oy2gBA/featured Website: https://www.wedreamofeden.com/#home-section #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Bibliography: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21962752/ http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Aggregation_and_marine_biological_value https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967063718302437

Migrations of the Open Ocean. Migrations are a key to survival in the marine ecosystem. From whales and turtles to sardines, by travelling to different locations, nektonic animals stand better chances of finding food or a suitable place to breed and raise their young. In this video, we’ll take a look at the migrations of nektonic organisms - animals that are able to actively swim and can undertake large-scale journeys around the world, covering larger distances than plankton and their predators. Part 1 | Diel Vertical Migrations: https://youtu.be/otgMoBmEEFk DEEP SEA HUB: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub 00:00 - Introduction 01:10 - Chapter 1: Nektonic Adaptations - Why Animals Migrate 02:05 - Chapter 1: Nektonic Adaptations - Marine Mammals 02:35 - Chapter 1: Nektonic Adaptations - Migratory Fish 03:00 - Chapter 2: In Search of Sanctuary - The Sea Turtle Migration 04:04 - Chapter 2: In Search of Sanctuary - The Whale Migration 04:56 - Chapter 2: In Search of Sanctuary - The Whale Nursing Period 05:40 - Chapter 3: The Sardine Run - A Plentiful Feast 06:45 - Chapter 3: The Sardine Run - Nektonic Invertebrates 07:13 - Conclusion Footage used belongs to Schmidt Ocean Institute, MBARI, NOAA, the Ocean Exploration Institute, as well as various YouTube sources in accordance with the Fair Use policy's allowance for educational content. #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Music in This Video: Subterranean Howl by ELPHNT Encounters by LEMMiNO Sunn Forest by ELPHNT Devoid by ELPHNT Map graphic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Drdmom6pak4 Resources: https://www.rspb.org.uk/birds-and-wildlife/natures-home-magazine/birds-and-wildlife-articles/migration/through-the-oceans/ https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/12/101215102436.htm

Deep Sea Molluscs. Go to Squarespace.com for a free trial, and when you’re ready to launch, go to http://www.squarespace.com/naturalworldfacts to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain. Molluscs like cephalopods and gastropods dominate the marine world. Inhabiting nearly every ecosystem from shallow reefs to deep sea vents and the pelagic midwater, the success of molluscs is unparalleled. Nearly 25% of all marine organisms are molluscs, including such oddities as sea snails, nudibranchs, and coleoids like squid with their specialised tentacles. Even the snails you might find in your garden belong to the molluscs, for this is the only phylum with species found in the sea, freshwater and on land. A testament to their adaptability. With an estimated 85,000 living species known to science, the abundance and diversity of molluscs is what allows them to occupy a great many niches and habitats, and diversify into an assortment of shapes and sizes. The smallest meiofauna molluscs grow to just 0.4 mm long, while in the pelagic deep they dominate as voracious predators, looming out of the dark. This is the alien world of molluscs. 00:00 - Introduction to Molluscs 01:50 - Anatomy of Molluscs - Basic Body Plan 02:59 - Anatomy of Molluscs - Adaptations of the Foot 04:01 - Anatomy of Molluscs - Adaptations of the Shell 04:45 - Gastropods - Anatomy and Adaptation 05:49 - Gastropods - Life in the Intertidal Zone 06:39 - Gastropods - Defence Mechanisms 07:28 - Gastropods - The Scaly-foot Snail 08:29 - Gastropods - The Nudibranchs (Sea Slugs) 09:45 - Bivalves - Anatomy and Adaptation 10:20 - Bivalves - Infaunal Lifestyle 11:26 - Bivalves - Epifaunal Lifestyle 12:09 - Bivalves - Mussel Beds of the Deep Sea 13:46 - Cephalopods - Anatomy and Adaptation 14:31 - Cephalopods - Evolutionary History 15:43 - Cephalopods - The Coleoids (Squid and Octopus) 16:41- Cephalopods - Argonaut Octopus (Paper Nautilus) 17:33 - Cephalopods - The Vampire Squid 18:41 - Conclusion CHECK OUT MY DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find. Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of Schmidt Ocean Institute, NOAA, MBARI, WHOI and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Music Used: Light by Jorge Mendez Dreams Become Real by Kevin MacLeod Lost Frontier by Kevin MacLeod Voices by Patrick Patrikios Nocturne by Asher Fulero Solitude by Jorge Mendez #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Bibliography: https://www.shapeoflife.org/resource/about-molluscs https://www.shapeoflife.org/video/mollusc-animation-nautilus-body-plan https://www.earthtouchnews.com/oceans/deep-ocean/video-massive-deep-sea-mussel-bed-discovered/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967063718303352

Mimicry in the Deep Sea. Signup for your FREE trial to Wondrium here: http://ow.ly/pyxO30s3v4I To survive in the oceans, marine organisms have had to adapt in a number of weird and wonderful ways. Many alter their anatomy, behaviours and physiologies in order to cope with the challenges they face. Methods such as changing colour, developing stingers, or migrating long distances can help them stay hidden from predators, find a mate or access food. But some animals have taken a different approach to survival. Rather than evolve these complex characteristics for themselves, they instead simply disguise themselves, altering their colouration or anatomy not to serve a function, but in order to resemble another organism. In this film, we’ll explore the different kinds of mimicry, and take a look at how survival through deception can be a key to life in the oceans. 00:00 - An Introduction to Mimicry 01:38 - Chapter 1: Batesian Mimicry - Survival Through Deception 03:00 - Chapter 1: Batesian Mimicry - The Banded Snake Eel 03:17 - Chapter 1: Batesian Mimicry - The Mimic Octopus 04:17 - Chapter 1: Batesian Mimicry - Mimicry in the Deep Sea 05:58 - Chapter 2: Aggressive Mimicry - The Deep Sea Anglerfish 07:09 - Chapter 2: Aggressive Mimicry - The Bearded Scorpionfish 07:37 - Chapter 3: Müllerian Mimicry - Shared Warning Systems 08:25 - Chapter 3: Müllerian Mimicry - The Nudibranchs 09:07 - Chapter 3: Müllerian Mimicry - The Evolution of Mimicry 10:13 - Conclusion: The Importance of Imitation CHECK OUT OUR DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find. Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of MBARI, WHOI, Schmidt Ocean Institute and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Music Used: Growing Light by Triple Colossal X Music - YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMP1D04GOKsT9aL1e36Bcbg/videos - Website: https://www.triplecolossalxmusic.com/music - Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/album/6ttLiMyYqjp4bXaq9ALWqT Dreamer by Hazy - Spotify: https://soundcloud.com/hazy_music - Music provided by www.plugnplaymusic.net Thaw by Hvybones - Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/3zZjcpnmt4NJNO0CfZH940?si=OUrPgoNWSYCtg67D1CESdw&dl_branch=1 - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hvybones/ Expand by Hazy - Spotify: https://soundcloud.com/hazy_music #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Bibliography: https://www.britannica.com/science/Mullerian-mimicry https://medium.com/the-vagus/deep-sea-mimicry-a-tale-of-camouflage-in-the-waters-806075d7e8bd https://oceanconservancy.org/blog/2021/03/15/mimicry/ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282374522_Behaviour_and_mimicry_in_the_juvenile_and_subadult_life_stages_of_the_mesopelagic_squid_Chiroteuthis_calyx

Adaptations in the Deep Sea. NordVPN Christmas Deal! Go to https://nordvpn.com/naturalworldfacts to get a 2-year plan plus 1 additional month with a huge discount. The deep sea is a world of challenges. Pressure increases rapidly. In the mesopelagic zone, the light of the sun becomes a faint glow, and at 1,000 metres down, the midnight zone is bathed in darkness. And yet, even in this bitter uninviting world of cold shadows, a myriad of peculiar creatures have made their homes, dramatically adapting their anatomy, behaviours and physiologies in order to cope with the challenge of living here. In this film, we’ll take a look at the unique ways in which these otherworldly creatures have adapted to thrive as masters of the deep dark sea. 00:00 - An Introduction to Deep Sea Adaptations 01:55 - Anatomical Adaptations - How Adaptations Arise 03:16 - Anatomical Adaptations - Colour and Camouflage 04:58 - Anatomical Adaptations - Vision in the Depths 06:45 - Anatomical Adaptations - Coping Under Pressure 08:11 - Anatomical Adaptations - Gigantism in the Abyss 10:01 - Physiological Adaptations - An Overview 10:55 - Physiological Adaptations - Bioluminescence 12:26 - Physiological Adaptations - Fish that Produce Antifreeze 13:04 - Behavioural Adaptations - An Overview 13:21 - Behavioural Adaptations - The Ecological Interactions 14:22 - Behavioural Adaptations - Scavenging the Sinking Snow 16:00 - Behavioural Adaptations - Surviving on the Sunken Scraps 16:33 - Behavioural Adaptations - The Great Vertical Migration 17:19 - Behavioural Adaptations - Their Importance 17:55 - Conclusion: Nature's Experiment CHECK OUT OUR DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find, which is allowed due to YouTube's 'Fair Use' policy as these films are for educational purposes. Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of Schmidt Ocean Institute, MBARI, WHOI and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Music Used: Midnight by Jorge Mendez Fallen by Jorge Mendez Changes by Jorge Mendez Nights by Jorge Mendez Will He by Jorge Mendez (Cover of a great song by Joji) Fall by Jorge Mendez As you can tell, all the music in this video was performed by Jorge Mendez, a fantastic musician with many compositions here on YouTube which he kindly makes available to other YouTubers for use in our projects :) Go give him some support! #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Bibliography: https://www.notesonzoology.com/adaptation/deep-sea-adaptation-characteristics-and-adaptive-character/2575 https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/deep-ocean-diversity-slideshow https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169534700889570 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1319350/#:~:text=The%20abilities%20of%20deep%2Dsea,and%20temperatures%2C%20and%20proteins%20show

The World of Marine Reptiles. This video is sponsored by Endel. The first 100 people to download Endel at https://app.adjust.com/b8wxub6?campaign=naturalworldfacts_november&adgroup=youtube will get a free week of audio experiences! Reptiles are a diverse and successful group. With over 8,000 species found worldwide, only around 100 species can be considered marine reptiles, including sea turtles, marine iguanas, sea snakes and crocodiles. They retain the defining characteristics of reptiles, including tough scaly skin that covers their bodies. But in addition, marine reptiles have developed a number of specialised anatomical and physiological adaptations to survive in the oceans. We'll take a closer look at these in this film. 00:00 - Introduction 02:01 - Galapagos Marine Iguanas - Anatomical Adaptations 02:42 - Galapagos Marine Iguanas - Temperature Regulation 03:34 - How Marine Reptiles Balance Water and Salt 04:36 - Sea Snakes and Kraits - An Overview 05:47 - Sea Snakes and Kraits - Feeding Behaviours 06:20 - Sea Snakes and Kraits - Batesian Mimicry 06:52 - Sea Snakes and Kraits - Diving Adaptations 07:08 - Sea Turtles - Diving Adaptations 07:36 - Sea Turtles - Seasonal Migrations and Breeding 09:11 - Saltwater Crocodiles - Nesting Behaviours 10:03 - Conclusion CHECK OUT OUR DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit whatever footage I can find, which is allowed due to YouTube's 'Fair Use' policy as these films are transformative and for educational purposes. Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of Schmidt Ocean Institute, MBARI, WHOI and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Music Used: Earnest by Kevin MacLeod Big Day Tomorrow by Savfk Magnetic Lullaby by Amulets Subterranean Howl by ELPHNT Earnest by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100248 Artist: http://incompetech.com/Fallen by Jorge Mendez #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Bibliography: https://evolution-outreach.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1007/s12052-009-0139-y http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/reptiles https://mrvanarsdale.com/marine-science/online-textbook/chapter-7-marine-reptiles/

The Marine Carbon Cycle. NordVPN Cyber Month Deal! Go to https://nordvpn.com/naturalworldfacts to get a 2-year plan plus 1 additional month with a huge discount. The marine carbon cycle consists of the biological pump, the carbonate pump and the physical pump. The biological processes of respiration, predation, death and decomposition, along with physical processes such as the thermohaline circulation, work together to remove carbon from the atmosphere and sequester it in the oceans. In this video we'll explore what makes the oceans a net carbon sink, and why the marine world is so important to the global carbon cycle. 00:00 - An Introduction to the Marine Carbon Cycle 01:52 - The Biological Pump - Diffusion of Carbon 02:36 - The Biological Pump - The Role of Phytoplankton 03:42 - The Biological Pump - Predation and the Food Web 04:52 - The Biological Pump - Diel Vertical Migration 06:30 - The Biological Pump - Marine Snow and the Deep Sea 08:14 - The Biological Pump - Whale-falls and Carrion 09:38 - The Carbonate Pump - The Formation of Limestone 10:25 - The Carbonate Pump - The White Cliffs of Dover 11:02 - The Carbonate Pump - The Role of Coral Skeletons 12:05 - The Carbonate Pump - The Shell-building Animals 13:13 - The Physical Pump - Upwelling and Downwelling 14:08 - The Physical Pump - Thermohaline Circulation 15:08 - Conclusion: The Importance of the Marine Carbon Cycle CHECK OUT OUR DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find, which is allowed due to YouTube's 'Fair Use' policy as these films are created for educational purposes. Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of MBARI, WHOI, Schmidt Ocean and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Music Used: Separated by the Storm by Gareth Coker Now Use the Light, We Want to See! by Gareth Coker Kwolok's Throne Room by Gareth Coker The Darkness Lifted by Gareth Coker Silent Woodlands by Gareth Coker #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Bibliography: https://www.iaea.org/topics/oceans-and-climate-change/the-ocean-carbon-cycle https://www.open.edu/openlearn/nature-environment/introduction-energy-resources/content-section-4.4 https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.974.4692&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Jawless and Cartilaginous Fish. Become smarter in 5 minutes by signing up for free today: https://cen.yt/mbnaturalworldfacts - Thanks to Morning Brew for sponsoring today’s video. Cartilaginous fish and jawless fish are quite different to bony fish. These two groups, also known as Chondrichthyes and Agnatha respectively, build their skeletons using cartilage. A tough but flexible tissue, lighter than bone, that allows them to maintain neutral buoyancy without any need for a swim bladder. In this video we'll take a look at the differences between jawless fish and cartilaginous fish, and discuss their adaptations and behaviours within the deep sea ecosystem. Watch Part 1 - Bony Fish: https://youtu.be/PksKZoZIkI4 00:00 - Introduction to Cartilaginous Fish 01:52 - Agnatha - Jawless Fish Structure 02:34 - Agnatha - The Hagfish 03:45 - Agnatha - The Lamprey 04:45 - Evolutionary History of Jawless Fish 05:50 - Elasmobranchs - Structure of Sharks 06:29 - Elasmobranchs - Shark Feeding Behaviours 06:59 - Elasmobranchs - The Cookie cutter Shark 07:15 - Elasmobranchs - The Goblin Shark 07:45 - Elasmobranchs - The Megamouth Shark 08:25 - Elasmobranchs - Scavenger Sharks 09:02 - Elasmobranchs - The Greenland Shark 09:55 - Elasmobranchs - Structure of Rays and Skates 10:27 - Elasmobranchs - The Lifestyle of Rays and Skates 10:57 - Evolutionary History of Cartilaginous Fish 11:29 - Holocephali - Structure of Chimaeras 12:35 - Holocephali - Pelagobenthic Lifestyle of Chimaeras 13:10 - Holocephali - Chimaera Feeding Behaviours 13:55 - Conclusion CHECK OUT OUR DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find. Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of MBARI, WHOI and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Music Used: Alone We Have No Future by Ludvig Forssell The Face of Our New Hope by Ludvig Forssell An Endless Beach by Ludvig Forssell Fragile by Ludvig Forssell A Final Waltz by Ludvig Forssell #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Bibliography: https://sites.google.com/site/swimmingwithdiefishes/riley-s-reef/agnathachondrichthyesosteichthyes https://www.sharksider.com/understanding-cartilaginous-fish-difference-sharks-rays/ https://saveourseas.com/update/chimaeras-the-sharks-forgotten-cousins/

Bony Fish of the Deep Sea. Go to https://nordvpn.com/naturalworldfacts to get a 2-year plan plus 4 additional months with a huge discount. The deep sea is home to an array of marine creatures, and fish are by far the most well known. But their diversity means they do not comprise a single group, and they are not all closely related. In this two-part film, we take a look at the different groups of fish and how their adaptations differ. Part 1 examines the two groups of bony fish (Osteichthyes): the ray-finned fish, and the lobe-finned fish which includes the elusive deep sea coelacanth. Watch Part 2 - https://youtu.be/dl6LhvGdozo 00:00 - An Introduction to Deep Sea Fish 01:48 - Ray-Finned Fish - Overview 03:10 - Ray-Finned Fish - Structure 04:28 - Ray-Finned Fish - Adaptations 05:03 - Ray-Finned Fish - The Lionfish 05:38 - Ray-Finned Fish - The Flying Fish 06:11 - Ray-Finned Fish - Deep Sea Anglerfish 06:49 - Ray-Finned Fish - The Frogfish 07:10 - Ray-Finned Fish - The Tripodfish 07:47 - Ray-Finned Fish - The Giant Oarfish 08:27 - Lobe-Finned Fish - Overview 09:22 - Lobe-Finned Fish - Coelacanth Structure 09:43 - Lobe-Finned Fish - Coelacanth Feeding Behaviour 10:45 - The Diversity of Fish 11:17 - Conclusion CHECK OUT OUR DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find. Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of MBARI, WHOI, Schmidt Ocean Institute and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Music Used: A Keepsake from the Past by Gareth Coker The Sacrifice by Gareth Coker Witch of the Woods by Bear McCreary Climbing the Ginso Tree by Gareth Coker The Spirit Willow by Gareth Coker #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Bibliography: https://nhpbs.org/wild/Osteichthyes.asp https://www.blueplanetaquarium.com/blog/fish-stories/cartilaginous-fish-vs-bony-fish-differences-between-them/ https://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/obl4he/vertebratediversity/rayfinned_fishes.html

The deep sea relies on keystone species to maintain balance. Through predation, competition and symbiosis, changes in the population of one species affects the population of another. But at the heart of these diverse and vibrant deep sea communities are the keystone species, whose presence keeps the balance in the ecosystem by determining the numbers of other species. Without keystone species, ecosystems would look very different, and if they disappeared, the oceans would be more vulnerable to environmental change and would experience a rapid decline in biodiversity. The three different kinds of keystone species, the predators, ecosystem engineers, and mutualists, have very different roles to play in order to maintain their ecosystems. Let’s take a closer look at these, and examine the keystones of the deep sea. 00:00 - An Introduction to Deep Sea Keystone Species 01:47 - Chapter 1: Keystone Predators - The Trophic Cascade 03:31 - Chapter 1: Keystone Predators - The Role of Predators 04:54 - Chapter 2: Ecosystem Engineers - Autogenic vs Allogenic 06:16 - Chapter 2: Ecosystem Engineers - Corals as Keystones 07:19 - Chapter 2: Ecosystem Engineers - Benthic Burrowers 08:59 - Chapter 2: Ecosystem Engineers - Whale-Pumps and Whale-Falls 12:16 - Chapter 3: Keystone Mutualists - The Importance of Mutualism 13:03 - Chapter 3: Keystone Mutualists - Mutualists at Cold Seeps 15:09 - Conclusion: The Importance of Keystone Species CHECK OUT OUR DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ I do not own any of the footage. Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of Schmidt OI, MBARI, WHOI and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Music Used: Cold by Jorge Mendez War Inside by Jorge Mendez Oceans by Jorge Mendez Best Case Scenario by Jorge Mendez Perhaps by Jorge Mendez As you can see, all of the beautiful music in this video was composed by Jorge Mendez! Follow him on YouTube for more gorgeous pieces like these. #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology

Crustaceans of the Deep Sea. Start speaking a new language in 3 weeks with Babbel 🎉 Get up to 65% OFF in your subscription▶️ here: https://go.babbel.com/12m65-youtube-naturalworldfacts-aug-2021/default Crustaceans, of all the animal groups in the ocean, are by far the most successful. Coming in a boundless array of colours, shapes and sizes, crustaceans have diversified so much that they are often called the insects of the oceans, a title reflecting their remarkable diversity and abundance. But nowhere are they more weird and wonderful than in the deep sea, where crustaceans have adapted in countless ways in order to survive, and play key roles in the ecosystem. Let’s take a closer look at these incredible invertebrates. 00:00 - Introduction 00:20 - The Diversity of Crustaceans 00:57 - The Structure of Crustaceans 01:46 - Adaptations of Deep Sea Crustaceans 02:00 - Decapods Explained (Adaptations of Crabs) 02:11 - Adaptations of Antarctic Krill 02:54 - The Importance of Krill in the Ecosystem 03:26 - The Role of Crustaceans in the Food Web 03:58 - Amphipods as Detrivores of the Deep Sea 04:55 - Adaptations of Deep Sea Amphipods 05:30 - Abyssal Gigantism in Amphipods 06:00 - The Supergiant Amphipod 06:22 - Abyssal Gigantism in Giant Isopods 06:51 - Conclusion: The Importance of Deep Sea Crustaceans DEEP SEA HUB: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Footage used is from YouTube, NOAA, MBARI, the Ocean Exploration Institute and the Schmidt Ocean Institute. Music Used: Greenland Shark by Long Live Antarctica! (Alex), a good friend of mine. Check out the full track: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOqeep0NYKA&t=91s Namaste by Audionautix is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Artist: http://audionautix.com/ What True Self, Feels Bogus, Let's Watch Jason X by Chris Zabriskie #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Resources: Dipper, F. (2016). The Marine World: A Natural History of Ocean Life. United Kingdom: Princeton University Press.

Secret Life of Rock Pools. The first 100 people to download ENDEL by clicking https://app.adjust.com/b8wxub6?campaign=naturalworldfacts_september&adgroup=youtube will gain free access for 1 week. As the tide recedes along the shores, it uncovers a truly alien world of rock pools. At first look, the landscape presents little more than a barren, lifeless stretch of thick mud and rotting seaweed, strewn with boulders. But these features come together to create a unique habitat. Twice a day, miles of sand, gullies, reefs and rock pools are exposed, bringing into view a wealth of rarely seen marine life. Here, the sparse isolated pools open a window on the many conflicts that these creatures must content with in order to survive. Each rock pool is a tiny but complex ecosystem, home to crabs, shrimps, and all manner of incredible creatures. All the footage in this video is completely original and was filmed by the NWF team - aka Leo and his girlfriend Ella :D Filmed on location at La Rocque, Jersey, Channel Islands. 00:00 - An Introduction to Rock Pools 01:48 - Searching for Life in the Fog 03:17 - Adaptations in the Rock Pools - Shells and Exoskeletons 04:36 - The Hidden World of Crabs 06:55 - Adaptations in the Rock Pools - Camouflage 07:26 - The Nutrient Cycle - Life, Death and Decay 08:37 - The Nutrient Cycle - Grazers and Detrivores 09:39 - A Sanctuary for New Life 10:31 - The Returning Tide 11:08 - Outro CHECK OUT OUR DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Music Used: Stay by Jorge Mendez Timeless by Jorge Mendez War Inside by Jorge Mendez Fall by Jorge Mendez Silver Linings by Jorge Mendez Away by Jorge Mendez As you can see, all of the beautiful music in this video was composed by Jorge Mendez! Follow him on YouTube for more gorgeous pieces like these. #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology

Deep Sea Conflict and Competition. Start building your ideal daily routine 💪 The first 100 people who click on the link will get a FREE week trial and 25% OFF 🎁 Fabulous Premium ➡️ https://thefab.co/naturalworldfacts The deep sea is rife with competition and conflict. Deep sea biodiversity relies on the scattered organisms interacting in order to survive, whether they’re working together in symbiosis, scavenging, being predated, or parasitising a host animal. But there is one ecological interaction that does more than any other to influence organisms to change and diversify, and thus plays an important role in the success of deep sea communities. The limited resources mean only a small number of niches can exist. Thus, there is greater competition between different species trying to fill the same niches. This explains why the deep sea has so much competition, for animals must share the ecosystem with other competing species all trying to consume the same limited resources. 00:00 - An Introduction to Deep Sea Competition 01:31 - Chapter 1: A World of Quiet Conflict - The Reasons for Competition 02:22 - Chapter 1: A World of Quiet Conflict - The Trophic Levels 03:48 - Chapter 1: A World of Quiet Conflict - The Ecological Niches 05:21 - Chapter 2: Competition Between Species - Sea Floor Ecosystems 08:12 - Chapter 2: Competition Between Species - The Competitive Exclusion Principle 09:06 - Chapter 2: Competition Between Species - Resource Partitioning at Vents 11:48 - Chapter 3: Competition Within Species - Intraspecific Competition 12:63 - Chapter 3: Competition Within Species - Group Hunting Techniques 14:25 - Conclusion: The Importance of Ecological Competition CHECK OUT OUR DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Footage used belongs to the incredible marine conservation societies of Schmidt Ocean Institute (who are absolutely brilliant and you should check out their full-length ROV dives on YouTube), MBARI, WHOI and the Ocean Exploration Institute, along with various other YouTube sources. Music Used: Home by Jorge Mendez Amnesia by Jorge Mendez Away by Jorge Mendez Fragments by Jorge Mendez Serendipity by Jorge Mendez As you can see, all of the beautiful music in this video was composed by Jorge Mendez! Follow him on YouTube for more gorgeous pieces like these. #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Resources: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/ecology-ap/community-ecology/a/niches-competition/ https://untamedscience.com/biology/ecology/competition/ https://www.deepseaworld.com/blog/education/a-fishy-love-story-courtship-in-marine-animals/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/intraspecific-competition https://research.nhm.org/dataimages/abyss/Jumars1976.pdf https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/hydrothermal-vent-community https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096706371730136X http://hhsmarine.weebly.com/ecology.html

Deep Sea Skates and Rays. While sharks have become rulers of the open ocean, the skates and rays have conquered the seabed in their place, making up the superorder Batoidea. With their distinct shape, skates and rays have become highly efficient predators of life beneath the sediment. Different species make use of different strategies. Bottom-dwelling species such as skates are often ambush predators, burying themselves in the sediment and lying motionless before snapping up passing creatures. This behaviour also protects the rays from being spotted by predators. In contrast, eagle rays and cow nose rays gather in graceful schools. To hunt, they dig invertebrates from the sediment using their prominent snouts or by beating their wings. Manta rays are truly pelagic, spending their lives in the open ocean and feeding in a very different way. 00:00 - An Introduction to Rays and Skates 01:09 - The Structure of Rays - General Body Plan 02:12 - The Structure of Rays - Dermal Denticles 02:36 - Hunting Methods - Ambush Predators 03:09 - Hunting Methods - Digging for Prey 03:29 - Hunting Methods - Filter Feeding (Manta Rays) 04:03 - Adaptations of the Manta Ray 04:45 - Hunting Methods - The Sawfish 04:47 - The Role of Rays - Bioturbation 05:37 - The Role of Rays - A Source of Prey 06:07 - Migrations - The Great Devil Ray Swarm 06:36 - Migrations - Taking to the Skies 07:27 - Rays of the Depths - Devil Rays 07:52 - Rays of the Depths - The Deepsea Skate 08:57 - Rays of the Depths - The Chimaera 09:30 - Conclusion - The Importance of Rays DEEP SEA HUB: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Footage used is from various YouTube sources, the BBC, MBARI, NatGeo, the Ocean Exploration Institute and the Schmidt Ocean Institute, as well as other sources. Music Used: Industrial Music Box by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100812 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Atlantean Twilight by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100322 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Lost Frontier by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1300039 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ The Light Within by the Westerlies Glacier by Patrick Patrikios #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Resources: https://www.earthtouchnews.com/oceans/deep-ocean/these-deep-sea-skates-use-hydrothermal-vents-as-egg-incubators/ https://oceana.org/marine-life/sharks-rays/giant-manta-ray https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/the-spectacular-display-of-the-mobula-ray.html

The Hidden World of Oceanic Islands. Oceanic Islands make up a sixth of all land on Earth. In the Pacific alone, more than 25,000 islands are scattered amidst the endless blue. From Hawaii's rocky mountains, to coral atolls of the Maldives, each hosting unique communities of life and species found nowhere else on Earth. Ecosystems that would not exist if not for the powerful forces that pulled these mighty rocks from the abyss. Volcanism, and tectonics. Watch Part 1 - Seamounts: https://youtu.be/q-U4G9zBk3E 00:00 - An Introduction to Oceanic Islands 01:39 - Chapter 1: Life and Death of an Island - The Abundance of Islands 02:34 - Chapter 1: Life and Death of an Island - How Islands Form 03:26 - Chapter 1: Life and Death of an Island - How Coral Atolls Form 05:04 - Chapter 2: A Land of Opportunity - The Arrival of Life at Islands 07:48 - Chapter 2: A Land of Opportunity - Adaptive Radiation 08:52 - Chapter 2: A Land of Opportunity - The Story of Darwin's Finches 09:33 - Chapter 2: A Land of Opportunity - A Scale Model of Evolution 11:37 - Chapter 2: A Land of Opportunity - The Lemurs of Madagascar 12:57 - Chapter 3: Life Beneath the Waves - The Island Mass Effect 14:02 - Chapter 3: Life Beneath the Waves - The Galapagos Humboldt Current 15:02 - Chapter 3: Life Beneath the Waves - The Importance of Mangroves 16:14 - Conclusion: The Importance of Islands 17:19 - Message from our Sponsor CHECK OUT OUR DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find, which is allowed due to YouTube's 'Fair Use' policy. Footage used is from various YouTube sources. Due to the sheer number of sources used, I'm unable to list them all here. If I've used your footage and you would like to be credited, let me know and I'll add a link to your video and channel here. Music Used: No Field Was Formed by Austin Wintory Secret Garden by Nocturne Ichthyosaurus Communis by Austin Wintory Elasmosaurus Platyurus by Austin Wintory Balaenoptera Musculus by Austin Wintory Final Confluence by Austin Wintory Home of the Gumon by Gareth Coker First Steps Into Sunken Glades #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Resources: https://www.bbc.co.uk/teach/ks3-gcse-biology-islands-unusual-animals/zj38vk7 https://www.majordifferences.com/2018/08/10-differences-between-pioneer-community-and-climax-community.html#.YF7-gl37SdY https://www.amnh.org/explore/videos/biodiversity/mangroves-the-roots-of-the-sea/why-mangroves-matter

Seamounts are important deep sea ecosystems. Breaking the flat monotony of the abyssal plains, these underwater mountains emerge from the mud. Those that rise less than 1,000 m (3,000 feet) above the plains are called abyssal hills, while anything taller is a seamount. And there are at least 100,000 of them, with over half found in the Pacific Ocean near the tectonic plate boundaries. An unsurprising statistic, for Seamounts are formed from volcanism. The same process responsible for the formation of many island chains. At mid-ocean ridges, the converging tectonic plates collide at boundaries called subduction zones. One plate is subducted, or forced down towards the Earth’s molten interior. As it is subducted, the crust melts and becomes magma, which rises through the rock and erupts to form volcanoes and seamounts. Watch Part 2 - Islands: https://youtu.be/cUg70VLQZOQ 00:00 - An Introduction to Seamounts 02:00 - Chapter 1: Mountains in the Deep - How Seamounts Form 03:30 - Chapter 1: Mountains in the Deep - The Pacific Ring of Fire 04:33 - Chapter 2: An Underwater Paradise - The Perfect Ecosystem 06:41 - Chapter 2: An Underwater Paradise - The Life of Seamounts 07:30 - Chapter 2: An Underwater Paradise - The Davidson Seamount 08:23 - Chapter 2: An Underwater Paradise - The Coral Gardens 10:05 - Chapter 2: An Underwater Paradise - The Octopus Garden 11:18 - Chapter 3: The Land of Volcanoes - Hawaii's Island Chains 12:09 - Chapter 3: The Land of Volcanoes - Island Preview 12:51 - Outro CHECK OUT OUR DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find, which is allowed due to YouTube's 'Fair Use' policy. Footage used is from various YouTube sources, the BBC, Jonathan Bird's Blue World, MBARI, OceanX, NatGeo, the Ocean Exploration Institute and the Schmidt Ocean Institute, as well as other sources. Music Used: The Call by Austin Wintory Atonement by Austin Wintory Delphinus Delphis by Austin Wintory Apotheosis by Austin Wintory Temptations by Austin Wintory #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Resources: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/ring-fire/ https://www.britannica.com/place/Ring-of-Fire https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/06davidson/welcome.html

Echinoderms come in countless shapes and sizes, but there are a few unique features that unite the 6,500 living species. Many adults of this phylum have 5-way radial symmetry; a pattern most prominent in the shape of the starfish. In addition, they have skeletons made up of interlocking calcium carbonate plates and spines called ossicles. This provides rigidity for their complex structures, making up the protective shell of urchins, or the column-like spine of crinoids. These skeletons are also the reason why fossils for echinoderms are so widespread and well-preserved, with some crinoid fossils being as old as 500 million years. Perhaps the most peculiar creatures of this phylum are the holothurians. Sea cucumbers, with their retractable feeding tentacles and tube feet around the mouth which they use to forage in the sea floor mud. 00:00 - An Introduction to Echinoderms 01:27 - The Structure of Echinoderms 02:01 - Ossicles Explained 02:35 - Holothurians Explained (Sea Cucumbers) 02:53 - The Swimming Sea Cucumber 04:21 - The Sea Pig of the Abyss 05:11 - The Role of Holothurians - Filter Feeding 05:28 - The Role of Holothurians - Bioturbation 05:49 - The Role of Holothurians - Symbiosis 05:55 - Symbiosis: Emperor Shrimps & Sea Cucumbers 06:10 - Symbiosis: Pearlfish & Sea Cucumbers 06:29 - Defensive Adaptations of Holothurians 07:10 - Starfish Explained 07:37 - The Crown-of-thorns Starfish 08:13 - The Consequences of Ecosystem Instability 08:24 - The Role of Sea Urchins - Maintaining Balance 08:59 - Brittle Stars Explained 09:30 - Basket Stars Explained 10:14 - Conclusion: The Importance of Echinoderms DEEP SEA HUB: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Footage used is from various YouTube sources, the BBC, Jonathan Bird's Blue World, MBARI, OceanX, NatGeo, the Ocean Exploration Institute and the Schmidt Ocean Institute, as well as other sources. Music Used: Relics by Ben Prunty (from the game Subnautica Below Zero) Seductress by Francis Preve Dark Walk by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100468 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Lone Harvest by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100409 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Crystal Caves by Ben Prunty #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Resources: https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/explorations/ex1811/logs/nov7/welcome.html https://oceanconservancy.org/blog/2019/07/03/everything-need-know-sea-pigs/

The depths of the Mariana Trench conceal many peculiar creatures. This deep sea film is sponsored by NordVPN. Go to https://nordvpn.com/naturalworldfacts or use code naturalworldfacts to get a 2-year plan plus a bonus gift with a huge discount. Check out the NordVPN YouTube channel here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCWNR... The Mariana Trench sits like a crescent-shaped dent in the floor of the Pacific. A 2,550 km long, 69 km wide fracture that plummets down into a pure black void of the Hadal Zone. At the bottom, it hosts the deepest known location on Earth. The Challenger Deep, 11,033 metres or 36,200 feet beneath the waves. The trench itself is but one part of a global network of deep scars that cut across the ocean floor. Features that formed from a process called subduction. In the case of the Mariana Trench, the western edge of the Pacific Plate was thrust beneath the smaller Mariana Plate to the west, creating the deep fracture. Molten material then rose through volcanoes near the trench, building the nearby Mariana Islands. 00:00 - Introduction 01:18 - Chapter 1: Gates of the Underworld - How the Trench Formed 02:41 - Chapter 1: Gates of the Underworld - An 'Impossible' Frontier 03:40 - Chapter 1: Gates of the Underworld - The HMS Challenger 04:11 - Chapter 2: In Pursuit of the Abyss - The Bathyscape Trieste, 1960 05:51 - Chapter 2: In Pursuit of the Abyss - The Deepsea Challenge, 2012 06:38 - Chapter 3: Discoveries in the Dark - The Kaiko Mission 07:56 - Chapter 3: Discoveries in the Dark - The Hadal Amphipod 09:00 - Chapter 3: Discoveries in the Dark - Abyssal Sea Cucumbers 09:45 - Chapter 3: Discoveries in the Dark - The Mariana Snailfish 10:17 - Chapter 3: Discoveries in the Dark - Denizens of the Abyss 11:05 - Conclusion CHECK OUT OUR DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-se... I do not own any of the footage. I write the script, narrate, and edit what footage I can find, which is allowed due to YouTube's 'Fair Use' policy. Footage used is from various YouTube sources, MBARI, NatGeo, the Ocean Exploration Institute and the Schmidt Ocean Institute, as well as other sources. Music Used: Blue Danube by Strauss Bach Cello Suite No. 1, G Major, Predule, performed by Cooper Cannell Always (Hebridean Mix) by Jessica Curry This Godforsaken Aerial by Jessica Curry Ode to Joy performed by Cooper Cannell #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Resources: http://awesomeocean.com/top-stories/8... http://www.deepseachallenge.com/the-e...

The HMS Challenger set out on its 3-year voyage in 1872. This expedition was to be the first of its kind. One organised specifically to gather data on the ocean environment and its inhabitants. During its 127,580 km (79,280 mi) journey circumnavigating the globe, the crew on board the Challenger took 492 deep sea soundings, and 284 dredges and trawls. This led to the discovery of 4,700 new species of marine life, recorded in volumes and illustrated by the official expedition artist, John James Wild. 00:00 - Introduction 01:42 - Chapter 1: Setting Sail - Preparing the HMS Challenger 03:09 - Chapter 1: Setting Sail - The Theories 04:12 - Chapter 2: The Discoveries - The Challenger Deep 05:45 - Chapter 2: The Discoveries - Trawling and Dredging 06:31 - Chapter 2: The Discoveries - Disproving the Abyssus (Azoic) Theory 07:09 - Chapter 2: The Discoveries - Finding New Species 08:30 - Chapter 3: Dawn of Oceanography - The Extent of the Voyage 09:07 - Chapter 3: Dawn of Oceanography - The Scientific Revolution 09:45 - Chapter 3: Dawn of Oceanography - The Future of Ocean Science Featuring the incredible voice talent of Samuel Stocks as the voice of Sublieutenant Lord George Campbell! Want to employ his voice in your project? Check him out on Fiverr: - Fiverr: https://www.fiverr.com/samstocksvoices - Twitter: https://twitter.com/thesamstocks - All his links: https://linktr.ee/thesamstocks CHECK OUT OUR DEEP SEA WEBSITE: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Music Used: Air Prelude by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100337 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Mighty and Meek by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100500 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Metaphysik by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1400056 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Majestic Hills by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100423 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Aioli by Andrew Langdon #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Resources: https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/hms-challenger-humanitys-first-real-glimpse-of-the-deep-oceans https://rammhmschallenger.wordpress.com/category/collections/

The wonderful world of whales and dolphins. Below the waves lies a world of giants. Out in the open ocean, whales and dolphins are well-suited for to a life of wandering, traversing thousands of miles each year in search of krill blooms or breeding grounds. Together, these colossal mammals belong to the infraorder cetaceans. A name with roots in Greek, from ketos, meaning ‘a large sea creature’. But despite their size, cetaceans are elusive creatures, spending most of their lives underwater and in remote areas far out to sea. Let’s shine a light on the wonderful world of these marine mammals. 00:00 - An Introduction to Cetaceans 01:11 - The Diversity of Cetaceans 01:50 - The Structure of Whales and Dolphins 02:47 - The Two Cetacean Superfamilies 03:01 - Mysticeti: How Baleen Whales Hunt 03:34 - The Colossal Blue Whale 03:58 - Rorqual Whales Explained 04:20 - Seasonal Whale Migrations 04:55 - Odontoceti: The Toothed Whales 05:14 - The Acrobatic Spinner Dolphin 05:42 - Hunting: Strand Feeding in Dolphins 06:12 - Hunting: Mud Ring Feeding in Dolphins 06:36 - Hunting: Bubble-net Feeding in Humpbacks 07:53 - Deep Dive: The Cuvier's Beaked Whale 08:24 - Deep Dive: The Sperm Whale 08:42 - The Mammalian Diving Reflex 09:10 - Vocalisations in Cetaceans 09:29 - The Song of the Blue Whale 09:44 - The Song of the Fin Whale 09:56 - The Song of the Humpback 10:23 - The Song of Toothed Whales 10:59 - The Mighty Killer Whale 11:33 - Whale-Fall Communities 12:24 - The 'Whale Pump' 12:57 - Conclusion DEEP SEA HUB: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Footage used is from YouTube, MBARI, OceanX, NatGeo, the Ocean Exploration Institute and the Schmidt Ocean Institute, as well as other sources. Music Used: Precious Life by Savfk On the Origin of Species by Savfk Big Day Tomorrow by Savfk Through The Crystal by Jeremy Blake Space Walker by Au.Ra Footsteps Underwater by JAde Wii #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Bibliography: Dipper, F. (2016). The Marine World: A Natural History of Ocean Life. United Kingdom: Princeton University Press.

Under the ice of the Arctic and Antarctic, there lies a hidden world of giant creatures. The phenomenon of polar gigantism means that many of the invertebrates found at the poles grow to immense sizes. The deep ocean around Antarctica is a unique place. The weight of the ice sheets has pushed down the submerged continental shelf to be deeper than most places. Usually, the continental shelf is found between 100 and 200 metres down. But here, we must sink to 600 metres before the edge looms out of the darkness, and a gaping void opens up beneath. DEEP SEA HUB: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub 00:00 - Introduction 01:12 - Chapter 1: A Land of Ice - The Polar Environment 02:19 - Chapter 1: A Land of Ice - Life on the Icy Desert 03:29 - Chapter 2: Beneath the Ice - The Food Web 04:51 - Chapter 2: Beneath the Ice - The Hidden Arctic 05:36 - Chapter 2: Beneath the Ice - Concealed Cavities 06:30 - Chapter 3: The Antarctic Deep - A Hidden World 07:44 - Chapter 3: The Antarctic Deep - Life-Giving Waters 08:21 - Chapter 3: The Antarctic Deep - Giants of the Deep 11:03 - Conclusion Footage used belongs to Schmidt Ocean Institute, MBARI, OceanX and the Ocean Exploration Institute. These organisations are dedicated to researching the unchartered depths of the ocean, and using their footage and findings to inform the world about the importance of the depths. Please support them by following their official channels: Schmidt Ocean: https://www.youtube.com/c/SchmidtOcean MBARI: https://www.youtube.com/user/MBARIvideo OceanX: https://www.youtube.com/c/OceanX #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Music in This Video: –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Snowfall by Scott Buckley https://soundcloud.com/scottbuckley Creative Commons — Attribution 4.0 International — CC BY 4.0 Free Download / Stream: http://bit.ly/2C39hQR Music promoted by Audio Library https://youtu.be/jIsaq_7RqjY –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Music: Strings Inspiration - SergePavkinMusic Music Link: https://youtu.be/kr6eqXSocuA –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– "Art of Silence - by Uniq" is under a Creative Commons license (Creative Commons – International Recognition 4.0 – CC BY 4.0) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Resources: https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/quickfacts/seaice.html https://weather.com/science/news/what-polar-gigantism-exactly-what-it-sounds-20140422#:~:text=But%20in%20Antarctica%2C%20they%20experience,Montana%2C%20told%20weather.com https://theconversation.com/i-explored-the-antarctic-deep-seas-for-blue-planet-ii-and-it-was-like-going-back-350-million-years-86869

How To Create a Closed Terrarium for Free Terrariums are a fun outdoors project. Join me as I show you how to build a closed native terrarium in a sealed jar using moss, plants, hardscape, and insects found around the countryside, in parks or gardens. A terrariums is an enclosed ecosystem that can be self-sustaining, meaning you can have a slice of the natural world on your windowsill. They are great for relaxation, giving you a little chunk of nature to create and enjoy. Life in a Closed Terrarium: https://youtu.be/y771wlWpzps Watch another terrarium tutorial: https://youtu.be/y0u9k-MSo8U A terrarium is an enclosed ecosystem which can be entirely self-sustaining. Once set up and watered, you will never need to open it again since it will regulate its own water and nutrient cycles. Before we begin, you will need an airtight container. Some good examples include glass jars with clip tops, screw on lids or corks but for my example I’ll be using a large jar with a lid which screws tightly on top, allowing it to retain the moisture in the air. Other equipment you may need includes porous mesh (optional) which allows water through but not substrate, some rocks or gravel, some activated carbon for fish tank filters or charcoal, and a selection of small to medium sized local plants and mosses. The first step is to place about an inch of stones or gravel in the base of your container. Next, sprinkle on a coating of activated carbon sticks or charcoal to help with filtration. The next step is to cut out the shape of the base of your container from the porous mesh. It needs to cover the gravel layer entirely so it’s best to cut it slightly larger than the shape itself. Once this is in place over the gravel, you can add the soil. The purpose of this gravel layer is to separate the standing water from the soil to avoid roots rotting. The water will collect here as a water reservoir then will evaporate, condensate on the walls of your glass container and then fall back down into the substrate, effectively replicating the natural water cycle. This will ensure that the terrarium will naturally water itself. Moving onto the soil, a good soil mix should retain moisture well and be a mix of dead leaves, moss and compost. The soil layer should be deeper than your gravel layer to allow root space. Next, let’s add some plants to the terrarium. I will be making this a native terrarium so will be using plants from nearby parks and gardens. You could use tropical plants for yours instead. Place your choice of plants in the terrarium, paying close attention to your arrangement and how you would like it to look aesthetically. Think about putting larger plants in the background and smaller ones in the foreground. Moss is excellent for ground covering as it will eventually spread and make your terrarium look lush and wild. I’ve used a few different varieties of temperate moss inline and positioned them in-between the main plants. When choosing plants, pick some with a variety of leaf types and shades of green. Also, if you come across any worms or woodlice, set them aside for later as worms will help add nutrients to the soil and woodlice will decompose any dead matter which will help to break down nutrients. These nutrients will be absorbed by the plants through their roots via osmosis. You can also add pieces of bark or wood for landscaping. The final step is to water your terrarium by misting. Spray a very generous amount of water over the plants and moss to help them settle and to provide the ecosystem with water which will be continuously cycled throughout the terrarium. And there we have it, the perfect addition to your windowsill. You now have your very own tiny ecosystem in a jar. Observe how the plant life changes and spreads over time.You may notice that some die but this is normal. Other plants will grow in its place and seeds will spread. Chapters: 00:00 Intro 00:30 What is a Terrarium? 00:56 What You Need 01:31 Gathering Terrarium Supplies 03:03 Step 1: Terrarium False Bottom 03:58 Step 2: Sediment/Soil Layer 05:11 Step 3: Terrarium Plants and Hardscape 06:30 Step 4: Adding Water 07:18 How Terrariums Sustain Themselves 07:42 Step 5: Adding Insects 09:03 How do the Insects Breathe 09:37 Outro Music Used: Blue Ridge Mountains by Fleet Foxes (James LeRouge Cover) Promise by Ben Howard (Rêveur Voyageur Cover) Everything by Ben Howard (Live Version) Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

The phylum Cnidaria contains such creatures as jellyfish, anemones, siphonophores and corals. Together, they consist of around 13,000 living species - surprisingly simple, yet beautiful organisms. The importance of these cnidarians cannot be understated. Coral reefs are formed of many millions of cnidarians and are home to staggering biodiversity. Jellyfish are important predators in the open ocean food web, but they serve as food for many other species as well. Sea anemones fulfil a similar role but in the shallows, also serving as hiding places for clownfish. Thus, this unique and abundant group of creatures is integral to the function of many marine communities, from the open ocean to coasts and the benthic zone of the deep sea. 00:00 - An Introduction to Cnidarians 01:04 - The Structure of Cnidarians 01:57 - Cnidarian Polyps 02:09 - Cnidarian Medusae 02:19 - The Life Cycle of Moon Jellyfish 03:10 - The Diversity of Jellyfish 03:23 - The Lion's Mane Jellyfish 03:39 - The Role of Cnidarians in the Food Web 04:29 - Nematocysts Explained 05:13 - The Portugese Man-o-War 06:18 - Colony Organisms: Siphonophores 06:37 - Colony Organisms: Corals 06:54 - The Importance of Corals 07:33 - Symbiosis in Corals: Zooxanthellae 08:23 - Symbiosis in Anemones: Crabs 08:49 - Symbiosis in Anemones: Reef Fish 09:12 - Symbiosis in Medusae 09:27 - The Importance of Cnidarians 09:55 - Conclusion 10:31 - The Deep Sea Hub DEEP SEA HUB: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Footage used is from YouTube, MBARI, OceanX, NatGeo, the Ocean Exploration Institute and the Schmidt Ocean Institute, as well as other sources. Music Used: First Immersion by Simon Chylinksi (from the game Subnautica) Violet Beau by Simon Chylinksi (from the game Subnautica) Music: Deep - SergePavkinMusic Music Link: https://youtu.be/f_YxebXZeTA​ Cipher by LEMMiNO Siberian by LEMMiNO #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Resources: http://www.oceanicresearch.org/education/wonders/cnidarian.html https://www.earthlife.net/inverts/cnidaria.html https://www.britannica.com/animal/cnidarian#ref31893

Cephalopods exhibit some incredible features. Out of all 8,000 living species of marine invertebrates in the oceans, by far the largest, most deadly and most intelligent are the cephalopods. A class of highly developed mollusks that includes octopuses, squid, cuttlefish and the mysterious nautilus. Their graceful fluid movements, vibrant colour changes and complex brains make them one of the most peculiar and important groups of organisms in our oceans. The largest - the giant squid - measures longer than a school bus, while the smallest could sit atop your finger. Let’s take a closer look at these diverse and often alien-looking invertebrates. 00:00 - An Introduction to Cephalopods 00:48 - The Diversity of Cephalopods 01:12 - The Structure of Cephalopods 01:50 - The Intelligence of Octopuses 02:34 - The Unique Appendages of Squid 03:05 - Bioluminescence in Cephalopods 03:26 - Adaptations of the Firefly Squid 03:59 - How Cephalopods Change Colour 04:56 - Mimicry in the Mimic Octopus Explained 05:38 - Courtship in Cuttlefish 05:52 - The Unique Anatomy of the Nautilus 06:27 - Deep Sea Gigantism in Cephalopods 06:44 - The Creepy Magnapinna Squid (Bigfin Squid) 07:42 - Gigantism in the Humboldt Squid 07:56 - Gigantism in the Giant Squid 08:25 - The Role of Cephalopods in the Ecosystem 09:20 - Conclusion DEEP SEA HUB: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Footage used is from YouTube, MBARI, OceanX, NatGeo, the Ocean Exploration Institute and the Schmidt Ocean Institute. Music Used: Light by Jorge Mendez AfterInfinity - Science and Medicine Dreams Become Real by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1500027 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ A Whisper by ann annie Echoes of Time by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1300029 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Transcend by Audionautix is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Artist: http://audionautix.com/ #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Resources: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/invertebrates/group/octopus-facts/ https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/cephalopods Dipper, F. (2016). The Marine World: A Natural History of Ocean Life. United Kingdom: Princeton University Press.

The open ocean is an entirely different world to the benthic zone of the sea floor. The endless blue stretches away in all directions, while the black abyss hangs gaping below. Currents are stronger here. There is no shelter to be found, and food is hard to come by. But all the same, a plethora of life has found ways to survive here, from the surface, all the way down into the abyss, utilising some unexpected adaptations to overcome the challenges of life in the open ocean. We’ll begin our investigation at the surface of the high seas. Of all the zones of the open ocean, here is the most abundant. Whales glide through the waves, pods of dolphins ride the powerful currents, and all manner of pelagic creatures can be found feeding at the surface. The secret to its diversity is sunlight, for here is the photic zone, also called the epipelagic or sunlight zone. Light from above is able to penetrate down to a depth of 200 metres, and within this uppermost layer, phytoplankton is able to undergo photosynthesis to provide food for the life here in the upper water column. Part 1 | Demersal Deep Sea Life: https://youtu.be/iE-Tx1JvNIc DEEP SEA HUB: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub 00:00 - Introduction: The Benthic and Pelagic Zones 01:00 - The Open Ocean Explained 01:37 - Biodiversity in the Pelagic Zone 01:56 - Life in the Photic Zone [0-200m] 02:54 - Adaptations in the Photic Zone 03:37 - The Ocean Sunfish 03:59 - The Marine Pelagic Environment 04:47 - Life in the Mesopelagic Zone [200-1,000m] 05:03 - The Pelagic Nutrient Cycle 05:32 - Adaptations in the Deep Pelagic Zone 05:50 - Why Demersal Life is More Abundant 06:39 - Abyssal Gigantism Explained 07:33 - Adaptations of the Greenland Shark 07:46 - How the Pelagic and Demersal Zones are Connected 08:27 - Advantages of Pelagic Life 09:25 - The Limitations of Pelagic Life 09:41 - Explaining the Colours of Pelagic Creatures 10:08 - Conclusion: The Adaptability of Life 11:18 - The Deep Sea Hub Footage used belongs to Schmidt Ocean Institute, MBARI, OceanX and the Ocean Exploration Institute. #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Music Used: 1812 Overture - Tchaikovsky Eight Mountains - Savfk June - Bobby Richards Down - Joey Pecoraro The Hunt - Savfk Resources: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/pelagic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_fish#Epipelagic_fish https://www.marine.usf.edu/pjocean/packets/f98/f98u3le3.pdf https://www.britannica.com/science/pelagic-zone https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/pelagic-species

Deep sea life must choose whether to live on the bottom, or to brave the expansive open ocean of the midwater zone. Creatures that adapt to life in the midwater zone are known as pelagic, while creatures that evolve to be well-suited to an existence on or near the sea floor, are known as benthic or demersal. These two groups could not be more different, but which is a more effective way of life? First, let’s take a look at the demersal creatures of the deep - the bottom-feeders, clinging to rocky seamounts, and burrowing into the mud. We will begin our investigation in the shallows, and follow the ever-deepening sea-floor down to the far depths of the deep ocean. The diversity of organisms that are adapted to life near the bottom of the deep sea is immense - and far greater than that of pelagic organisms. Life thrives on every part of the ocean floor, from near-shore ecosystems, all the way to the abyss. But the deeper you go, the stranger they become. Part 2 | Pelagic Deep Sea Life: https://youtu.be/FqHSZ23x1LE DEEP SEA HUB: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub 00:00 - Introduction: Pelagic and Demersal Life 00:55 - Part 1: Demersal Creatures of the Deep 01:10 - The Diversity of Benthic Life 01:43 - The Life of Coral Reefs 02:15 - Life at the Continental Shelf 02:29 - Cold-water Coral and Sponge Gardens 03:07 - Life on the Abyssal Plain 03:29 - Advantages of Living on the Sea Floor 03:48 - The Sea-Floor Nutrient Cycle 04:09 - Why Benthic Life is so Abundant 04:45 - The Extent of the Abyssal Plain 05:00 - Deep Sea Infauna and Epifauna 05:26 - The Role of Benthic Life in the Ecosystem 05:53 - Ancient Crinoids of the Deep Sea 06:32 - Benthic Fish of the Deep Sea 07:07 - Limitations of Life on the Sea Floor 07:25 - Seamounts Explained 07:49 - Why Seamounts are Biological Hotspots 08:05 - Life at Cold-Water Reefs 08:31 - Life at Deep Sea Brine Pools 09:04 - Life at Hydrothermal Vents 09:31 - Life at the Bottom of the Mariana Trench 09:53 - The Mariana Snailfish 10:08 - Conclusion: Living on the Sea-floor is an Advantage 10:46 - The Deep Sea Hub Footage used belongs to Schmidt Ocean Institute, MBARI, OceanX and the Ocean Exploration Institute. #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Music Used: Away - Patrick Patrikios Feels - Patrick Patrikios Simple - Patrick Patrikios Prism - Bobby Richards Strange the Dreamer - Savfk Resources: https://www.marine.usf.edu/pjocean/packets/f98/f98u3le3.pdf

Why Deep Sea Sharks Appear so Mysterious. Sharks have ruled the deep sea for 450 million years. A time during which sharks have adapted and diversified into an array of weird and wonderful species. Many, like the well-known Great White Shark, have adapted to life in the open ocean, as apex predators at the top of the food chain. But the deeper you go into the gaping void of the deep sea, the more peculiar and otherworldly they become. Let’s take a look at these fascinating, yet often misunderstood inhabitants of the oceans. From the deep sea goblin shark and the sixgill, to the elusive Greenland shark and frilled shark, we'll take a look at why deep sea sharks appear so peculiar. Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCG5_BraUMNcluZPZ__oOeKg/join 00:00 - Introduction 00:58 - The Wonder of Sharks 01:26 - Adaptations of Pelagic Sharks 01:44 - Sharks of the Deep Sea 02:15 - The Evolutionary History of Sharks 02:43 - The First Modern Sharks | The Hexanchiformes 03:08 - Living Fossils | Ancient Adaptations in Sharks 03:29 - The Frilled Shark 03:40 - The Sixgill Shark 03:56 - Why Ancient Sharks Inhabit the Deep Sea 04:48 - Why Deep Sea Sharks have Large Eyes. 04:56 - Biofluorescence in Sharks 05:16 - Why Deep Sea Sharks are so Gigantic 06:04 - The Greenland Shark 06:32 - Feeding Habits of Deep Sea Sharks 07:02 - The Goblin Shark 07:21 - The Megamouth Shark 07:55 - Conclusion: Why Deep Sea Sharks are so Unusual DEEP SEA HUB: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Footage used is from YouTube, MBARI, OceanX, the Ocean Exploration Institute and the Schmidt Ocean Institute. Music Used: Psychic Magic by Unicorn Heads A Mystical Experience by Unicorn Heads Cumulus Nimbus by Quincas Moreira #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Resources: https://www.sharksider.com/seven-coolest-deep-sea-sharks/ https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.1645

The Deep Sea Hub is our passion project for the oceans. Follow the link to find a catalogue of articles and videos about deep sea creatures, their adaptations, and ecosystems. Note that the website is best viewed on a tablet or computer, as functionality and appearance may be limited on mobile. https://www.naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub Music: Badlands by ELPHNT #deepsea

Marine creatures rely on sound for communication, navigation and courtship. But as humanity drowns out the ocean chorus more and more, their song diminishes, and life in the ocean is threatened. #ocean #wildlife #whalesounds #noisepollution #conservation #marinebiology Music: A Family by Savfk

Deep Sea Coral Reefs represent areas of astounding biodiversity. Lush cold water coral and sponge gardens thrive in the icy waters. An expanse of colourful coral structures blooming out of the sea floor, providing important habitats for deep-dwelling life. And yet, they are one of the most poorly understood of all deep sea ecosystems. Much like in shallow reefs, deep-sea corals are made up of colonies of coral polyps, working together to survive. They form when a polyp attaches itself to a rock, and divides into thousands of clones through the process of budding. The polyps then secrete a protective limestone skeleton called a calicle, which creates the coral structure. What’s unique about the corals of the deep, however, is their resilience to the extremities. As they are not dependent on warm water, they can thrive in waters that are as cold as -1 degrees Celsius, and in all the ocean’s basins, forming havens of life amidst vast canyons, on continental shelves and slopes, and on towering ocean seamounts. Unlike tropical reefs, they live from 150 feet to more than 10,000 feet below sea level, where sunlight is dim to nonexistent. So, instead of obtaining energy or nutrients from sunlight, they live off the dead, and gather all they need by catching organic material called marine snow that drifts past on the currents. But leftovers from the shallows are not enough on their own. Here, the corals also eat microorganisms, such as krill and plankton, ensnaring them with their branching, feathered, fan-shaped structures. DEEP SEA HUB: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub 00:00 - Introduction: Deep Sea Coral Reefs 01:13 - What are Cold-Water Reefs? 01:52 - How Corals Form 02:17 - The Resilience of Deep Sea Corals 02:55 - How Deep Sea Corals Survive 03:25 - The Cycle of Life and Death 03:47 - The Lophelia Pertusa Coral 04:26 - How Cold-Water Reefs Form 04:59 - Life at Deep Sea Coral Gardens 05:19 - The 2,700 Year Old Gold Coral 05:28 - The 4,200 Year Old Black Coral 05:40 - Why Deep Sea Reefs are so Diverse 06:21 - The Red Coffin Fish 06:40 - The Crab-Coral Symbiosis 07:07 - The Threat of Bottom-Trawling to Deep Sea Reefs 07:55 - Conclusion: The Importance of Deep Coral Gardens 08:40 - The Deep Sea Hub Footage used belongs to Schmidt Ocean Institute, MBARI, OceanX and the Ocean Exploration Institute. #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology #VisioningCoralSea Music Used: Vishnu - Patrick Patrikios Voices - Patrick Patrikios Nocturne - Asher Fulero In The Throes - Asher Fulero New Year - Bad Snacks Resources: https://ocean.si.edu/ecosystems/coral-reefs/deep-sea-corals https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/habitat-conservation/deep-sea-coral-habitat https://www.whoi.edu/know-your-ocean/ocean-topics/ocean-life/coral/deep-sea-corals/

The closed native terrarium has been blooming for 5 months. Take a look at the life that inhabits the terrarium ecosystem, from woodlice and earthworms to other insects. #terrarium #nativeterrarium #nature Woodlice and springtails decompose organic matter and recycle the nutrients back into the soil. Plants grow and die and adapt to the conditions in the jar, and slugs break down those that don't adapt in time. Centipedes and harvestmen, the predators of the jar, hunt down and control the populations of the other inhabitants, with their own numbers held in perfect equilibrium with the creatures they consume. Watch how I built this terrarium: https://youtu.be/y0u9k-MSo8U Initial footage video: https://youtu.be/y771wlWpzps Music: Dancing with a Ghost (https://soundcloud.com/leo-richards-music/dancing-with-a-ghost) The music was made by me :) If you'd like a free download link, comment below. 00:00 Introduction 00:15 Life in the Terrarium 00:37 The Role of Woodlice 01:07 Harvestmen 01:17 The Role of Earthworms 01:47 The Cycle of Life 02:25 Unidentified Eggs 02:36 Outro

Polychaete worms in the deep sea are among the most diverse organisms in the ocean. From giant tube worms and Pompeii worms at deep sea vents, to the ghostly tomopteris in the twilight zone, they display a number of unique adaptations in order to survive the extreme conditions. Some secrete a giant mucus net around themselves in order to do so. Here in the midwater zone, far from both the surface and the sea floor, polychaete’s adaptations appear even more unique. Flota and swima worms both move by undulating their bodies and beating their paddle-like appendages. Far stranger is tomopteris - the dancing bristle worm - which propels itself with its large parapodia. A common feature you might have noticed is that many of the worms that inhabit the open ocean are transparent. This is because there is no concealment in the midwater zone, and so some worms like the green bomber worm have adapted to use bioluminescence as a way to startle and distract predators. When threatened, they explode their light-producing organs called photophores, dropping a kind of bioluminescent bomb. 00:00 - Introduction 00:37 - What are Polychaete Worms? 01:02 - Pompeii Worms at Deep Sea Vents 01:50 - Symbiosis: Pompeii Worms and Bacteria 02:29 - Polychaete Worms in the Midwater Zone 02:48 - Adaptations of Polychaete Worms 03:17 - Adaptations of Tomopteris 03:30 - Why Polychaete Worms are Transparent 03:42 - Bioluminescence in Green Bomber Worms 04:02 - The Role of Polychaetes in the Nutrient Cycle 04:23 - Deep Sea Worms at Whale-Falls 04:41 - The Bone-Eating Osedax Worm 05:21 - Conclusion: The Importance of Polychaete Worms 05:52 - The Deep Sea Hub DEEP SEA HUB: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Footage used is from MBARI, OceanX, the Ocean Exploration Institute and the Schmidt Ocean Institute. Music Used: Stairway - Patrick Patrikios The Principle of Inner Necessity - Savfk #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Resources: https://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/topics/marinesymbiosis/pompeii.html https://scribol.com/environment/animals-environment/the-pompeii-worm-the-most-fireproof-animal-on-earth/5/?as=799&asv=1

The deep sea appears barren, lifeless, and silent. The lonely expanse rolls out into a long horizon, while the great abyss plummets ever-downwards into darkness. Communities of life are solitary. They seem isolated from other habitats in the deep. But there is more going on here. The exact nature of the deep sea food web is still not fully understood, but advancements in technology and research in recent years have granted us a greater understanding of how these separate settlements of life are interconnected as one. Let’s take a closer look at the food web of the deep sea. 00:00 - Introduction: The Deep Sea Food Web 01:05 - Photoautotrophs: Plants and Phytoplankton 01:48 - Producers: Photosynthesis as a Source of Energy 02:01 - Primary Consumers: Herbivores 02:23 - Secondary Consumers: Carnivores and Top Predators 02:47 - Marine Snow: How Nutrients Reach the Deep Sea 03:32 - Hydrothermal Vents: Energy Production in the Deep Sea 03:59 - Chemosynthesis Explained 04:41 - Primary Consumers: Grazing the Microbial Mats 05:08 - Secondary Consumers: Predators at Deep Sea Vents 05:18 - The Deep Sea Nutrient Cycle 05:52 - The Nutrient Supply Chain 06:24 - The Pelagic Ocean Wanderers 06:50 - Trophic Levels in the Deep Sea 07:55 - Whale-Fall Ecosystems Explained 08:24 - Whale-Falls: The Mobile-Scavenger Stage 08:56 - Whale-Falls: The Sulfophilic Stage 10:06 - Conclusion 11:05 - The Deep Sea Hub DEEP SEA HUB: https://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Footage used is from MBARI, OceanX, the Ocean Exploration Institute and the Schmidt Ocean Institute. Music Used: Future Rennaisance - Godmode Melancholia - Godmode To Pass Time - Godmode Dolphin-esque - Godmode The Darkest Path - Jeremy Korpas Shibuya - Bad Snacks #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Resources: https://www.mbari.org/deep-sea-food-webs/ https://futureoftheocean.wordpress.com/2018/04/17/untangling-the-mysteries-of-deep-sea-food-webs/ https://prezi.com/ee3p34lhwvo6/the-deep-sea-food-web/ https://insightmaker.com/insight/59717/Deep-Sea-Food-Web https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2016.00245/full https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2017.2116 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/19/science/deep-sea-food-web.html

Symbiosis in the deep sea allows creatures to survive the challenging environment. Symbiosis describes any kind of a close and long-term interaction between two different organisms. This phenomenon is found in nearly every ecosystem on the planet - allowing organisms to rely on others for food, shelter, or to act as a warning for nearby danger. But nowhere on Earth are creatures more uniquely adapted to relying on others than in the deep sea - a world of darkness, cold, and intense pressure. Let’s dive in, and take a closer look at the incredible role of symbiosis in the deep sea ecosystem. From mutualism at hydrothermal vents between giant tube worms and chemosynthetic bacteria, to parasitism in Greenland sharks, we'll take a look at how important symbiosis truly is in the deep ocean. 00:00 - Introduction 00:26 - What is Symbiosis? 01:10 - Mutualism Explained 01:52 - Symbiosis at Hydrothermal Vents 02:51 - Chemosynthesis Explained 03:05 - Mutualism: Giant Tube Worms and Bacteria 04:26 - Life Needs Energy 04:43 - How Symbiosis Supports Ecosystems 05:47 - Mutualism: Anglerfish and Bioluminescent Bacteria 06:15 - Parasitism Explained 06:45 - The Importance of Parasites 07:13 - Coral Reef 'Cleaner Stations' 07:36 - Parasitism: The Greenland Shark 08:14 - Commensalism Explained 09:01 - Commensalism: Whales and Barnacles 09:39 - Conclusion: The Importance of Symbiosis 10:27 - The Deep Sea Hub DEEP SEA HUB: https://www.naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub/ Footage from MBARI, OceanX, and the Ocean Exploration Institute. Music used: Argonne - Zacharia Hickman In 3 - Godmode On the Island - Godmode Underwater Exploration - Godmode Crazy - Patrick Patrikios Walking in the Sky - Nico Staf #deepsea #wildlife #nature #documentary #ocean #marinebiology #science #biology Resources: https://divediscover.whoi.edu/hot-topics/you-feed-me-i-feed-you-symbiosis/ http://deepseamustangdiver.blogspot.com/2012/04/symbiotic-relationships-in-deep-sea.html https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00387573

The vampire squid is a peculiar creature, with its deep red colour, icy blue eyes, and webbed tentacles. Vampire squid are remarkably well-suited for a life at these depths. The isolated environment around it has changed little in 300 million years, meaning there has been no selection pressure to drive any large-scale natural selection in the species. For now, it is evolution’s near perfect solution to the harsh, unforgiving environment of the oceanic deep. The vampire squid dwells in the mesopelagic zone of the ocean. Here, there may be less than 5 percent oxygen saturation and little or no light. But while most cephalopods cannot survive below 50% oxygen saturation, the vampire squid has found ways of adapting to these conditions, with a slowed metabolism that causes it to require very little oxygen to survive. When feeding, it rarely actively swims, but prefers to drift on ocean currents. By using this efficient method, the squid uses very little energy, which it saves up for times when it faces danger. In such instances, it can move swiftly, using powerful jet propulsion while flapping its enlarged fins. Read the full write-up over on our website: https://www.naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-wonders-2/the-vampire-squid #deepsea #wildlife #ocean #vampiresquid #deepseawonders Resources: https://www.aquariumofpacific.org/onlinelearningcenter/species/vampire_squid

I captured this footage of a British common frog (Rana temporaria) wrestling with a giant slow worm (Anguis fragilis) over an earthworm that is arguably too large for the little amphibian! I hope you enjoy. Filmed using Sony FDR-AX53 4K Camera. More British Wildlife: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKzq2xKdfIosShSlvyyRSaVhh4ivsy8Ze Check out our website: https://naturalworldfacts.com

From sea angels to marine snow and bioluminescent Christmas lights, the deep sea is home to some surprisingly festive curiosities! Watch to learn more about some of the ocean's Christmas wonders. In the dark of the deep sea, bioluminescent creatures shine like Christmas lights. This phenomenon results from chemical reactions within the organisms. Much marine bioluminescence found down here is expressed in the blue-green part of the visible light spectrum - colours that are most visible in the deep sea. Merry Christmas, and a happy new year from natural world facts. See you soon. #christmas #deepsea #wildlife #science #animals #ocean #fish #deepseawonders Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairies by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100270 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Footage from MBARI and OceanX Resources: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/09/sea-angels-mating-arctic-video-spd/ https://ocean.si.edu/ecosystems/deep-sea/marine-snow-staple-deep https://usa.oceana.org/blog/exploring-marine-snow-nutritious-and-vital-type-snowfall-deep-sea #christmas #wildlife #deepsea

Siphonophores and Pyrosomes are colonies of tiny organisms called zooids. They are one of nature's most remarkable creatures. Individual zooids are tiny, often only a millimetre long. But when they come together, they can be found in immense sizes, with some able to grow to lengths of 130 feet (40 m). That makes them longer than the blue whale, which is often considered Earth's largest animal. Each zooid in a colony is a clone, but different groups of these clones take care of different functions. The man-of-war is made up of four separate sections called polyps, containing different varieties of zooids each specialised to fulfil a specific purpose in the siphonophore. https://www.naturalworldfacts.com #deepsea #wildlife #nature #animals #ocean #fish #science #biology Footage: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jp2qV4tI3sE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlTFD881EQI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pv9NiIcYcCQ For more details, contact me via my email on the 'about' page.

Hydrothermal Vents provide the necessary components for a deep sea community of organisms to form. Here, at depths of 2000 metres or more, life gathers around hydrothermal vents in great numbers. Hot, mineral-rich fluids supply chemicals and nutrients, which form the basis of a food web for a diverse community of specialised organisms. An oasis of life in the deep. Since their discovery in 1977 near the Galapagos Rift, hydrothermal vents have redefined our understanding of the requirements for life to survive. Up to that point, we had thought all life depended on sunlight to survive, but this extreme ecosystem represents the only place on Earth where the ultimate source of energy for life is not sunlight, but the Earth itself. #deepsea #wildlife #nature #animals #ocean #fish #science #biology Resources: https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/planet-earth/why-is-the-earth-habitable/life-that-lives-off-the-earth-s-energy/life-at-the-hydrothermal-vents https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/deep-sea-hydrothermal-vents/ https://www.chemistryworld.com/features/hydrothermal-vents-and-the-origins-of-life/3007088.article Footage: www.youtube.com/watch?v=LssEZLFuVnA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l754HwWvSOU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZiW-sXnhMg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5NHL3BXcRI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QffkyLYB_PA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtV- 0:00 Introduction 1:09 An Oasis of Life 1:35 Energy is Supplied by the Earth 2:05 Life at Deep Sea Vents 3:06 Chemosynthesis 4:00 The Yeti Crab 4:17 Tube Worms 4:54 Deep Sea Skates 5:28 How Hydrothermal Vents Form 6:01 Black Smoker Vents 6:27 White Smoker Vents 6:36 Other Varieties 6:54 Origins of Life on Earth 8:10 Conclusion

African Elephants, Loxodonta africana, are the largest animals to walk the African savannah. This is a factual video featuring footage of these elephants in the African wilderness. All footage is original and was filmed by Leo R while on location in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, in 2016. Special thanks to Jakes, our guide while we were out there at Jao Camp, for taking us to some incredible places to see some breathtaking wildlife. How to help elephants: WWF Adopt an Elephant - shorturl.at/mpxJ4 Save The Elephants site - shorturl.at/vJOY1 African Conservation Experience - shorturl.at/kAN24 NWF Awareness Project - shorturl.at/uyKU9

The Chimaera, or Ghost Shark, exhibit a morphology unlike any other creature. They are named after the Chimera, a Greek monster that is made up of parts of different creatures. With seemingly only one gill on either side of their body, upper jaws fused to their skull, no scales, and eyes that are backed with a reflective tissue layer that makes them seem to glow in the dark, the Chimaera have an eerie and ghostlike appearance. They seem to move like ghosts too; as rather than most sharks that generate propulsion using their tails, ghost sharks use their large, wing-like pectoral fins to glide through the water - a characteristic more suited to a bird than a fish. #deepsea #wildlife #nature #animals #ocean #fish #science #biology Find out more: http://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub

Deep Sea Gigantism (abyssal gigantism) is defined as the the tendency for deep-sea animals to grow to much larger sizes than their shallow water relatives. Watch the newer version of this film: https://youtu.be/FmR14Yng9kI Biologists still aren’t certain why it is that some abyssal creatures grow to these immense sizes, for we have still only scratched the surface of discovery in the deep. But there are many theories, which may help to shed light on this mystery of the oceanic deep. A brilliant example to show that deep sea fauna does indeed follow this rule, is the mollusk group, gastropods, which includes slugs and snails. In the deep, many species that are near symmetrical to shallower varieties, grow to be huge. The deep sea isopod belongs to a group that rarely grows larger than a few inches in the shadows, but down here they can grow to half a metre in length, and weigh approximately 1.7 kilograms. This variety, the giant isopod, is found in the deep, cold waters of the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean. #deepsea #wildlife #nature #animals #ocean #fish #science #biology Find out more: http://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub 0:00 Introduction 0:47 Deep Sea Gigantism 1:16 How Deep Sea Organisms Grow so Large 1:52 Kleiber's Rule - Larger Animals are More Efficient 2:44 Bergman's Rule - Sea Animals Grow Larger in Cold Climates 3:57 Gigantism in the Colossal Squid 4:13 The Island Rule 5:16 How the Deep Sea Mirrors the Island Rule 6:03 Gigantism in the Giant Isopod 6:40 Resources in the Deep Ocean 7:03 Conclusion 7:54 Outro Resources: https://www.zmescience.com/science/biology/deep-sea-giant-creature/ https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-deep-sea-gigantism.html https://weather.com/science/news/what-polar-gigantism-exactly-what-it-sounds-20140422#:~:text=But%20in%20Antarctica%2C%20they%20experience,Montana%2C%20told%20weather.com.

Life on earth had humble beginnings. Journey back through time to when the first single-celled life emerged in the deep-sea vents, and watch how organisms developed from those early stages, through billions of years of evolution, adaptation, and differentiation, eventually leading to the dawn of the Eukaryotes. Our universe exists on an incomprehensible scale; a supposedly infinite darkness, punctuated with at least 70 sextillion stars shining their light through the cosmos. There are more stars out there than there are grains of sand on every beach on Earth, it would be impossible to truly comprehend the immense size of our universe. And yet planets like ours appear to be rare, even on this scale. A speck of blue in the infinite abyss, we are unique in the solar system. There is one phenomenon found here that we have yet to find anywhere else in the observable universe. Life. The product of chemistry and biology, and one of the true great marvels of existence. Risen from the primordial soup in the early years of our planet, life forged a path through the ages; driven by the need to survive, and the will to evolve, it changed. Adapted. Crawled from turbulent waters to conquer land and sky, giving rise to empires and dynasties. It is ever-changing, ever-growing, and it will be so for as long as Planet Earth holds water in its oceans and air within its atmosphere. 3.5 billion years of evolution, with every step written in the rocks beneath our feet, the steps that lead towards the rise of humanity. This documentary uses footage from a number of sources, including the BBC, Discovery Channel, and MelodySheep. All footage belongs to relevant copyright owners, and the use of such footage in this film falls under YouTube's 'fair use' policy. For any enquiries, get in touch via the email found on the channel's 'about' page.

A terrarium ecosystem is constantly evolving. After just one month, life in this closed native terrarium has blossomed and flourished, with every organism playing a key role in maintaining the stability of the ecosystem. Woodlice and springtails decompose organic matter and recycle the nutrients back into the soil. Plants grow and die and adapt to the conditions in the jar, and slugs break down those that don't adapt in time. Centipedes and harvestmen, the predators of the jar, hunt down and control the populations of the other inhabitants, with their own numbers held in perfect equilibrium with the creatures they consume. Watch how I built this terrarium: https://youtu.be/y0u9k-MSo8U Initial footage video: https://youtu.be/y771wlWpzps 0:00 Introduction 0:29 Springtails and Woodlice 0:59 Field Slug 1:19 Centipedes 1:32 Harvestmen 2:25 Common Striped Woodlouse 2:48 Earthworms 3:13 Outro

Richmond Park is home to an abundance of wildlife, from majestic Red Deer to Stag Beetles. Explore the biodiversity of this incredible ecosystem, and join us as we look for wildlife in Richmond Park. As the UK’s largest land mammal, red deer are truly majestic creatures. The males, known as stags, develop a large set of antlers that grow with age and are shed and regrown each year, while the females or hinds lack antlers and tend to be smaller. Red deer certainly leave their mark on the landscape. Nearly all of the trees in the park have a distinctive ‘browse line’ at 1.5 metres above the ground, caused by deer eating all the leaves and twigs that grow below that height. Their constant grazing on grasses, shoots and shrubs prevents saplings from growing, maintaining the largest area of Lowland Acid Grassland in London, hosting much of the park’s diversity. Thanks Albi for the London Timelapse footage :) 00:00 Intro 00:15 Refuge in the City 01:23 Red Deer in the Park 03:20 Life in the Deadwood 04:36 The Detrital Food Web 06:16 Colonisers 07:59 Hunters and the Hunted 09:16 Life on the Riverbed 10:22 Outro

30 years after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, wildlife and wild animals are thriving in the radioactive Chernobyl exclusion zone. People are still restricted from inhabiting this contaminated area, and yet the incredible biodiversity than can be found here has flourished due to the absence of humans. The Natural History of Chernobyl. Gray wolves are more abundant in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone that in surrounding areas. Bears, wild boars, lynxes, otters, are all found in what is often referred to as the Chernobyl Nature Reserve, on account of this abundance of life. But what are the causes of this diversity? What are the consequences? More from Life Reclaimed: The Bikini Atoll Nuclear Testing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3llwcCgucqk

Great White Sharks are key to the health of our oceans. Here's why they're so important. Sharks help to increase the species diversity of our oceans by driving competition and controlling population sizes in the ocean ecosystem. Great whites are notoriously well-adapted to the life of a predator, with 300 teeth and a heavy, torpedo-shaped body. Their streamlined morphology allows them to cruise very efficiently for long periods of time, useful for traversing the expanse of the open ocean while using less energy. It also allows them to switch to high speed bursts when in pursuit of prey, often breaching out of the surface of the water entirely or swimming at speeds of 15 miles per hour. #deepsea #sharkweek #wildlife #nature #animals #ocean #fish #science #biology Find out more: http://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub Special thanks to Spacekid Productions for joining me in this video. Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjbFyr2_J_Tvo85HML6hpUA More Deep Sea Wonders: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeOSlZYdvLY&list=PLKzq2xKdfIot0rJTxkzPG7srMQm0sSeIG Footage used: www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgYmY6--DjI www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXCe5ygn1ps www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mlj0JoT4fng www.youtube.com/watch?v=emB2URdd5Ew www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ssXn5x3nqY www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFgyFLbLejE www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzuhu9fpXdY www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMsyssBXRsQ Resources: https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/great-white-shark https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/great-white-sharks-the-misunderstood-giants-with-a-softer-side-10214555.html https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190808-why-do-sharks-attack-humans https://usa.oceana.org/threats-great-white-sharks#:~:text=The%20cumulative%20impacts%20of%20multiple,at%20great%20risk%20of%20extinction. https://oceana.org/sites/default/files/reports/Predators_as_Prey_FINAL_FINAL1.pdf

Terrariums are self-sustaining ecosystems enclosed within a jar, maintaining their own water and carbon cycles. But if you look closer, there are yet deeper connections. Take a look at some of the overlooked creatures that inhabit a closed terrarium, and learn about the vital roles they play in the ecosystem. Watch the tutorial on making a closed terrarium: https://youtu.be/y0u9k-MSo8U One Month Update: https://youtu.be/ZZJA_pOZZCY All footage is original and taken by Leo of NWF.

How To Create a Closed Native Terrarium for Free Terrariums are great fun to create; join me as I create a closed native terrarium in a sealed jar with moss, hardscape, and plants found around a local UK woodland. Terrariums are enclosed ecosystems that can be self-sustaining, making a perfect addition to your windowsill as they are great for relaxation, giving you a little chunk of nature to create and enjoy. I was inspired to create this terrarium by SerpaDesign, who creates great tutorials and terrarium videos along with helpful tips on building terrariums and a variety of other topics. Watch him here: https://www.youtube.com/user/SerpaDesign Life in a Closed Terrarium: https://youtu.be/y771wlWpzps 1 Month Update: https://youtu.be/ZZJA_pOZZCY A terrarium is an enclosed ecosystem which can be entirely self-sustaining. Once set up and watered, you will never need to open it again since it will regulate its own water and nutrient cycles. Before we begin, you will need an airtight container. Some good examples include glass jars with clip tops, screw on lids or corks but for my example I’ll be using a large jar with a lid which screws tightly on top, allowing it to retain the moisture in the air. Other equipment you will need includes porous mesh which allows water through but not substrate, some rocks or gravel, some activated carbon for fish tank filters or charcoal, and a selection of small to medium sized local plants and mosses. The first step is to place about an inch of stones or gravel in the base of your container. Next, sprinkle on a coating of activated carbon sticks or charcoal to help with filtration. The next step is to cut out the shape of the base of your container from the porous mesh. It needs to cover the gravel layer entirely so it’s best to cut it slightly larger than the shape itself. Once this is in place over the gravel, you can add the soil. The purpose of this gravel layer is to separate the standing water from the soil to avoid roots rotting. The water will collect here as a water reservoir then will evaporate, condensate on the walls of your glass container and then fall back down into the substrate, effectively replicating the natural water cycle. This will ensure that the terrarium will naturally water itself. Moving onto the soil, a good soil mix should retain moisture well and be a mix of dead leaves, moss and compost. The soil layer should be deeper than your gravel layer to allow root space. Next, let’s add some plants to the terrarium. I will be making this a native terrarium so will be using plants from nearby parks and gardens. You could use tropical plants for yours instead. Place your choice of plants in the terrarium, paying close attention to your arrangement and how you would like it to look aesthetically. Think about putting larger plants in the background and smaller ones in the foreground. Moss is excellent for ground covering as it will eventually spread and make your terrarium look lush and wild. I’ve used a few different varieties of temperate moss inline and positioned them in-between the main plants. When choosing plants, pick some with a variety of leaf types and shades of green. Also, if you come across any worms or woodlice, set them aside for later as worms will help add nutrients to the soil and woodlice will decompose any dead matter which will help to break down nutrients. These nutrients will be absorbed by the plants through their roots via osmosis. You can also add pieces of bark or wood for landscaping. The final step is to water your terrarium by misting. Spray a very generous amount of water over the plants and moss to help them settle and to provide the ecosystem with water which will be continuously cycled throughout the terrarium. And there we have it, the perfect addition to your windowsill. You now have your very own tiny ecosystem in a jar. Observe how the plant life changes and spreads over time.You may notice that some die but this is normal. Other plants will grow in its place and seeds will spread. Chapters: 0:00 Intro 0:36 What is a Terrarium? 1:19 What You'll Need 2:46 Step 1: Terrarium False Bottom 3:53 Step 2: Sediment Layer 4:35 Step 3: Terrarium Plants and Hardscape 7:32 Step 4: Adding Water 8:00 Step 5: Adding Woodlice 8:21 Step 6: Sealing the Terrarium 8:38 Outro Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

The Common Toad, bouncing along to the music of the Muffin Man. Enjoy :) Full factual video: https://youtu.be/HXjBQH2j9-4

Common Toads are a toad species found throughout the UK. Watch the complete Common Toad guide to learn all about these beautiful toads and where to find them. Whilst on location at Totternhoe Wildlife Trust Nature Reserve, I encounter one of Britains common amphibians. The Common Toad. In this video, I give you facts, footage and more about this intriguing animal. All footage taken by Leo R. More videos from the Nature Reserve: Slow Worms: https://youtu.be/ALMo0oJifSs Q&A Special: https://youtu.be/JIk-x7_7oF0 Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with, presented by Leo Richards.

Slow worms hunting worms at night, filmed on location at Totternhoe Nature Reserve. Enjoy some bonus footage filmed after the release of our 'Slow Worms | The Complete Guide' video. All footage was filmed by Leo R. Full Slow Worm Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALMo0oJifSs

Natural World Facts is a channel based around everything Nature, featuring all manner of creatures from frogs and toads to lions and elephants; presented by Leo Richards, our videos aim to inspire a sense of wonder and passion for the Natural World. Join us on our journey to explore all the wonders of our planet and the animals we share it with. Fact Files | Documentaries | On Location | Footage Natural World Facts was set up by Leo at the age of 8 with the help of his brother; since then, we have grown to over 7,000 subscribers, explored African wildlife firsthand, crossed the UK in search of Britain's unique wildlife, and we're still going strong. Join us, and be a part of the journey of discovery. Subscribe and click through to our channel too view all our videos. - Leo Richards :)

Slow Worms are legless lizards native to the UK. Watch the complete guide to Slow Worms to learn all about these beautiful reptiles and where to find them. Whilst on location at Totternhoe Wildlife Trust Nature Reserve, I encounter one of Britains strangest reptiles. The Slow Worm. In this video, I give you facts, footage and more about this intriguing animal. All footage taken by Leo R. More Slow Worm Footage: https://youtu.be/-diRuIQBOm4 More videos from the Nature Reserve: Common Toads: https://youtu.be/HXjBQH2j9-4 7000 Subscriber Q&A Special: https://youtu.be/JIk-x7_7oF0 Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with, presented by Leo Richards.

Slow worms, frogs and toads are common throughout the UK. At Totternhoe Wildlife Trust Nature Reserve, we went herping to find some of Britain's reptiles and amphibians, while answering some of your questions in a Q&A as we explore. Slow Worms are a species of legless lizard, though they are often confused with snakes due to their appearance; what makes them lizards, however, is the presence of eyelids and ear openings, and their ability to drop their tail when threatened by predators. Common Toads are well adapted to life in both ponds and on land; they have bumpier skin than frogs, which spend most of their time in ponds. More videos from the Nature Reserve: Slow Worms: https://youtu.be/ALMo0oJifSs Common Toads: https://youtu.be/HXjBQH2j9-4 Slow Worms in the Lake District: https://youtu.be/bEP8AbrVbCY 0:00 Intro 1:35 Catching Common Toads 3:09 Woolly Bear Caterpillar 3:41 What is your favourite animal? Sent by GremlinTheCat 4:34 Red Ant Nest 5:03 Black Wood Ants 6:56 Crickets and Grasshoppers 7:24 On the Hunt for Slow Worms 8:45 Finding a Palmate Newt 9:18 Who is your favourite 'Dr Who' Doctor? Sent by Shelby on Safari 9:35 Why did you set up the channel? Sent by Shelby on Safari 11:22 Night Walk on the Nature Reserve 13:22 Outro

Giant Squid | Deep Sea Wonders The giant squid lurks down in the dark depths of the deep sea. The enormous eyes of the giant squid, and the sharp-toothed suckers that line its feeding tentacles, make this a formidable predator, able to snatch prey from up to 33 feet away. It has eight arms coated with 2-inch wide toothed suckers that guide prey from the feeding tentacles to a sharp central beak. Here, the prey is cut and ground by a tongue-like radula, coated with rows of teeth. At 1 foot in diameter, its eyes are the largest found in the natural world, a powerful advantage in the lightless depths where it lives, allowing this cephalopod to see bioluminescent prey in the dark, or catch sight of predators lurking nearby. In spite of their enormous size, with some found to be as long as 42 feet, they are not the apex predators of the depths. They are known to be prey for a number of other organisms. Most notably, sperm whales have been observed with sucker marks on their skin, battle scars so large that no other creature could be responsible. Furthermore, giant squid beaks and flesh have been found in the stomachs of both sperm whales and Greenland sharks, another monster of the deep. Similarly to Greenland sharks, the Giant Squid perfectly demonstrates Deep Sea Gigantism, a phenomenon thought to be caused by colder temperature, food scarcity, and reduced predation pressure in the deep sea leading to deep sea organisms growing larger than their shallower water relatives. And yet, the giant squid is only the second largest variety of squid. Growing up to 46 feet long and 1100 pounds in weight, the gigantic and elusive colossal squid has limbs that are equipped with rotating hooks, allowing them to sometimes hunt and eat sperm whales. The story of the giant squid is one of mystery; most of what we know about them comes from carcasses that have washed ashore, for although they are huge they are among the most elusive deep sea animals that we know of, only filmed for the first time as recently as 2006, when researchers suspended bait beneath a research vessel off the Ogasawara Islands and hooked one of these leviathans. A 24-foot squid was hauled to the surface and caught on camera, allowing the world to catch its first glimpse of this mysterious and otherworldly creature, that inspired so many tales of monsters and sea-serpents. #deepsea #wildlife #nature #animals #ocean #fish #science #biology Find out more: http://naturalworldfacts.com/deep-sea-hub Watch more Deep Sea Wonders: #1 The Greenland Shark - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeOSlZYdvLY #2 The Coelacanth - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__Woo6L1bl0&t=20s #3 The Oarfish - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Baxnlt61jYc&t=25s #4 The Ocean Sunfish - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-FK1aR1pic&t=34s #5 The Megamouth Shark - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHhhDnksp44 #6 The Giant Squid - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-y0TNNiZOs Music Used: CO.AG Music - Background Music - Underwater inspired by Taboo More information: https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/giant-squid Footage used: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOXkUrhclcc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KN5N1QDaRQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EeaMOOnmHAA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9Y4IOKMNNg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_JRvek84JU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCWop491Q9Y https://vimeo.com/167283067 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9HXXQBz6Vv0&t=108s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tyr1Y8OqwiY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dv9JhQ0Msw

Operation Crossroads, 1946, nuclear testing in Bikini Atoll, a paradise coral reef. In the years after WWII, the Marshall Islands’ remote Bikini Atoll experienced the most powerful nuclear tests that have ever been conducted. Between 1946 and 1958 the United States detonated a series of 23 at Bikini Atoll. These gave out combined fission of 42.2 Mt. The Bikini Atoll reef was decimated, and the marine life in the area destroyed. The blasts left behind the wreckage of more than 70 ships which sunk to the ocean floor. 60 years later, they remain. And life has reclaimed that which was destroyed. Coral reefs grow from the shipwrecks, and Bikini Atoll has become a paradise again, yet it is contaminated. The wrecks of planes and ships mark the wastes like gravestones, giving life to the new reef. It demonstrates the natural world's astouding ability to reclaim that which is lost, but it needs time in order to do so. We need to protect our oceans, and give it time to regenerate the lost biodiversity and habitat diversity caused by human impacts. As shown by the reclamation of Bikini Atoll, there is hope for the planet. Natural History of Chernobyl Documentary: https://youtu.be/1lRIxuWgou8 More from the Awareness Project: Marine Conservation | How to Protect Our Oceans: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKrJ-GO4itk Footage: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIs1PZ_MmKM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_DNn-oChfb8 Music: Composer: Whitesand (Martynas Lau) Year: 2017 Title: Eternity References and further reading: Brief history before atomic tests: https://www.bikiniatoll.com/history.html Marshall Islands history and culture: http://mistories.org/intro.php UNESCO designation: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1339/

Megamouth Sharks | Deep Sea Wonders The Megamouth Shark swims with its mouth open wide to filter plankton from the water. They spend most of their lives down here in the Abyss, at times descending to 15,000 feet below. However, a tag placed on a megamouth shark in the early 1990s gave evidence that this shark follows 24-hour cycles, spending its days in deep water and emerging at the surface at night. Similar to Greenland sharks and other creatures of the depths, the Megamouth exhibits Deep Sea Gigantism, with one specimen found off the coast of Taiwan measuring more than 23 feet long. But with pectoral fins smaller than its enlarged head, and an asymmetrical caudal fin, it is not a skilled swimmer. A shark of this size would be enough to make many terrified, and yet it poses no threat to us. It is one of only 3 known filter feeding sharks, including the basking shark and whale shark, and like them it cruises through shoals of krill with its mouth wide. What’s unique to this shark, is its ability to push out its jaw and suck prey inside. There are 50 rows of tiny hooked teeth on each jaw, though it only uses the first 3 rows. The inside of the mouth is covered with light-producing organs called photophores that are believed to attract small prey with their glow; this is a useful tool to possess down in the Abyssopelagic Zone, where there is no penetration of natural light from above. Despite being among the largest sharks in our seas, the megamouth was not discovered for the first time until 1976, when a U.S. Navy research vessel hauled up an adult male specimen off the coast of Hawaii. The discovery of a shark like this was so unexpected that a new family, genus, and species was created just to classify a fish so strange. Since that day, there have only been around 50 confirmed sightings. This raises the question, what other deep sea giants are out there waiting to be discovered? Watch more Deep Sea Wonders: #1 The Greenland Shark - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeOSlZYdvLY #2 The Coelacanth - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__Woo6L1bl0&t=20s #3 The Oarfish - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Baxnlt61jYc&t=25s #4 The Ocean Sunfish - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-FK1aR1pic&t=34s #5 The Megamouth Shark - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHhhDnksp44 #6 The Giant Squid - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-y0TNNiZOs Footage used: https://youtu.be/bHiL7MPAZ0g https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2GovKQTJ0I https://youtu.be/bSamufOdAYk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8U48NfAEEGQ Music used: Music: Strings Inspiration (No Copyright) - SergePavkinMusic Music Link: https://youtu.be/kr6eqXSocuA Resources: https://www.sharks-world.com/megamouth_shark/

Deep Sea Wonders | The Ocean Sunfish, a Giant from the Depths The Ocean Sunfish waves its large dorsal and anal fins to move itself, drifting through the open ocean. At almost 10 feet long and 14 feet tall, the sunfish is the largest bony fish on the planet, and yet it only appears like half a fish. Nicknamed ‘the swimming head’, the sunfish's peculiar morphology of a curved, truncated shape forms as their back fin never grows; it folds within itself as the sunfish develops, creating a rounded rudder called a clavus, which the sunfish uses to steer through the water. Its appearance is also the inspiration for its latin name, with mola meaning ‘millstone’, due to the sunfish’s circular shape and stone-like skin. Their rough texture is caused by the tendency of this species to become highly infested with skin parasites. This explains some of the peculiarities of its behaviour, as often they are seen breaching the surface up to 10 feet, and splashing back down to shake off the parasites. In a similar fashion to many sharks and turtles, the sunfish allows smaller fish to pick at the parasites on its skin; a symbiotic relationship, in which both organisms benefit. Being such slow-moving creatures, they feed on creatures that drift with the ocean currents. This includes jellyfish, plankton and algae, which they engulf in their small, beaked mouths that are unable to close completely. The Mola mola truly are a beautiful species, and yet like all marine life they are threatened by human activity. With many suffocating on plastic which they mistake for jellyfish, or getting snagged in nets as they are clumsy swimmers, they are classified as vulnerable. To learn more about marine conservation and how you can help protect threatened species like the sunfish, follow the link to our video. Watch more Deep Sea Wonders: #1 The Greenland Shark - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeOSlZYdvLY #2 The Coelacanth - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__Woo6L1bl0&t=20s #3 The Oarfish - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Baxnlt61jYc&t=25s #4 The Ocean Sunfish - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-FK1aR1pic&t=34s #5 The Megamouth Shark - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHhhDnksp44 #6 The Giant Squid - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-y0TNNiZOs Footage used: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1WBilMrDIU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5SpxY5OLLxc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91xefqzp4rY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dCke2RsKYQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hm7VlBrNDts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=juZat2dfg58 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U60obmWODLQ Music used: Interstellar - Ross Bugden (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rbVt0z6NLM) More information on this incredible fish: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/o/ocean-sunfish/

Welcome to the Natural World Facts Awareness Project, a series explaining the importance of wildlife conservation, particularly marine conservation, and what you can do to help. I’m joined by Alex Collins, a fellow YouTube wildlife enthusiast and biologist at the University of Bristol, who focuses on wildlife conservation. Awareness Project Site: http://www.naturalworldfacts.com/awareness.html Alex Collins: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNSg7NN4mdptrjuM-W6NRTQ - What is Wildlife Conservation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMiIYvEF4_c - How to Get Involved in Wildlife Conservation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HcIGM-_d4bs What is Marine Conservation? Marine Conservation is the protection and preservation of ocean ecosystems, with a focus on limiting the damage caused to them by humans and preserving threatened marine species. The main threats seen in our oceans are species loss, habitat degradation, and changes in ecosystem function. Human activities causing a rise in extinction rates has lead to a decrease in biodiversity, particularly in coral reefs, 88% of which are threatened by excessive CO2 emissions. These reefs are among the most important stores of biodiversity on the planet; it takes around 10 thousand years for a reef to form from coral polyps, and up to 30 million years for a reef to fully mature, hosting an estimated 25% of all marine life. Coral reefs are dying, as warming temperatures and stressful conditions bleach the corals white as they are forced to expel the colourful algae on which the coral depends for its survival. Why is marine conservation important? With the world’s oceans more under threat than ever, and with half of the world’s reefs having died in the last 30 years, Marine Conservation has never been more important. Different species rely on each other. If one species is under threat, then so is another. This can have a chain reaction, until a whole ecosystem is under threat. We need healthy ecosystems just as much as the marine life, because without them, we’d have less food, less money, and less life on our planet. The bottom line is, life on Earth needs healthy oceans, and it's our responsibility to protect them. How can we do this? One method is to set up marine protected areas. This creates a safer environment for marine life, undisturbed by impacts of overfishing and noise pollution. Biodiversity has increased by 21% within marine reserves like these. We also use artificial reefs, man-made structures built to promote marine life and growth of coral. Artificial reefs are successful in providing habitats for threatened wildlife, so allowing damaged ecosystems to recover, and the regeneration of valuable biodiversity within reef ecosystems. As well as these strategies, we need to be careful in how we interact with the marine environment. Active demersal fishing techniques like trawling, where a net is dragged along the bottom of the ocean, destroys the seafloor, often containing ecologically important plant and coral species. Active pelagic fishing techniques, where a net is dragged through the open ocean, can be just as bad as it’s indiscriminate, so the nets catch anything in their way, regardless of whether the fishermen are looking for it. Thus protected animals like dolphins and turtles are injured or killed. For every 1 kilogram of prawns that are caught and sold, 9 kilograms of other animals are caught as bycatch, being injured or killed then thrown away. Marine conservation efforts have been made to reduce destruction caused by these fishing techniques, either by reducing how often they can be used, or making the technique less destructive. E.g. specific fishing hooks are less likely to catch unwanted species. Footage: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvq_lvC1MRY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNucJgetMjE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6NKVVJDcAk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QltN3FjwTu0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IVHooyTdRrg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_f43Gl_6hkc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mc3NTnoGzwE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2Oby8UQrvw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6HBtl4sHTqU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LiH3f6AKFbc Music: Music: Serious Documentary - AShamaluevMusic. Music Link: https://youtu.be/1x9xVwpWo7k Quiet Place by Jonny Easton Link: https://youtu.be/coPASWZf0wg Check out his channel Link: https://www.youtube.com/jonnyeaston Resources: https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/marine_conservation.htm https://www.epa.gov/coral-reefs/basic-information-about-coral-reefs#:~:text=Coral%20reefs%20are%20among%20the,point%20in%20their%20life%20cycle.

The Oarfish, a true Ocean Leviathan | Deep Sea Wonders Hanging near vertically in the sunless depths of the ocean, the Oarfish undulates its crest-like dorsal fin to steady itself; a clever trick, that makes the fish quite hard for predators to spot from above or below. The unnatural light shimmers silver on its scale-less body, and highlights the full length of its seemingly endless tail, and its long tendrils that sense for movement in the water. You might know this animal from the popular Animal Crossing games, along with the Coelacanth (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__Woo6L1bl0) Rarely sighted in its natural habitat, Oarfish are a true mystery of the deep. The largest variety, the Giant Oarfish, can exceed 56 feet in length, longer than any other known species of fish, and weigh up to 600 pounds. But despite their leviathan size, their small, toothless mouths allow them to only feed on small fish and squid, as well as plankton. They are harmless to humans, yet something about their unparalleled size can inspire a feeling of terror. Most Oarfish that have been encountered by humans are those that have washed up, dead, on beaches around the world. For reasons as of yet unknown, they come to shallow waters at the end of their life to die, or are beached by strong tides and currents. What’s peculiar, however, is the fact that almost all of these beached individuals were found to be missing their tail section. A study of a twelve foot giant oarfish that had washed up in 2010 in Sweden found that there were no teeth marks in the snapped of section, and the wound was old. The fish had lived for possibly years after losing the tail section, and in all cases of studied oarfish the rails had all been severed in the last third of the body, in the exact same section. It is believed to be evidence that oarfish are able to perform an act of autotomy, being the ability to willingly detach a body part, much like lizards lose their tails when threatened. Why the Oarfish do this, however, remains a mystery. Another theory that has arisen from the repeated beaching of this fish is that they give warning of imminent earthquakes. Tectonic movement underwater, the precursor to many earthquakes, is thought to kill these weak swimmers, which soon wash up on beaches before the tremors hit. However, when researchers from 2 Japanese universities studied meteorological records and matched earthquakes to oarfish beachings, they found no correlation. With these fish appearing so mysterious and otherworldly, it's no wonder they inspire a sense of superstition in those who see them. Watch more Deep Sea Wonders: #1 The Greenland Shark - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeOSlZYdvLY #2 The Coelacanth - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__Woo6L1bl0&t=20s #3 The Oarfish - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Baxnlt61jYc&t=25s #4 The Ocean Sunfish - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-FK1aR1pic&t=34s #5 The Megamouth Shark - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHhhDnksp44 #6 The Giant Squid - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-y0TNNiZOs Footage used: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yK2g4Nwdxco https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1I-4-oL4WU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKf4Wb8TGNc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xWaQ5E07yk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yIWfCAC5y0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzW5Jx3fybM Music used Deep Blue - by Jonny Easton Link: https://youtu.be/4X0etowFzXo Check out his channel Link: https://www.youtube.com/jonnyeaston More information on this incredible fish: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/fish/giant-oarfish1.htm https://britishseafishing.co.uk/king-of-herrings/

The Coelacanth, Living Fossil of the Sea | Deep Sea Wonders Once known only from fossils, the coelacanth was thought to have gone extinct around 65 million years ago in the late cretaceous, during the great extinction that wiped out the dinosaurs. Fossils of these creatures dated from 80 to 360 million years ago, and yet in 1938, one was found off the coast of South Africa alive. A fish almost entirely unchanged since the days of dinosaurs. This discovery therefore represents one of the most significant natural history discoveries of recent times. Living at depths of around 200 metres, down in the Twilight Zone of the ocean, they are found around the steep rocky slopes of volcanic islands, venturing forth from their lava-rock caves at night to feed; being passive drift-feeders, they move slow and feed on cephalopods and smaller fish. Believed by many to have no living relatives, the Coelacanth is a truly unique species. They are the only living vertebrates with a jointed skull, that swings upward to greatly increase the gape of the mouth. Their limb-like pectoral fins are also unique, as they are internally supported by bone, a feature not found in many other fish. They use them in a paddle-like fashion, as if they are walking through the water column. These unusual features have led to the coelacanth’s evolutionary history becoming a matter of controversy; but most experts argue it is an early ancestor of modern day bony fish, with lungfishes being its closest relative. With fins so closely resembling limbs, coelacanths demonstrate the evolutionary pathway that saw life animal begin to dominate land; the alternating movement of the coelacanth fins resembles the foreleg and hind-leg movement of land-dwelling tetrapods. The sight of these 2 metre long, 200 pound living fossils drifting in the deep is an ominous sight indeed. With only two known coelacanth populations in the world, both having been isolated for millions of years, their low numbers have led to a classification of critically endangered. Only a very small number of specimens have ever been observed, and without careful management of human activities, this species could be lost forever, after having survived unchanged for millions of years. Watch more Deep Sea Wonders: #1 The Greenland Shark - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeOSlZYdvLY #2 The Coelacanth - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__Woo6L1bl0&t=20s #3 The Oarfish - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Baxnlt61jYc&t=25s #4 The Ocean Sunfish - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-FK1aR1pic&t=34s #5 The Megamouth Shark - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHhhDnksp44 #6 The Giant Squid - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-y0TNNiZOs Footage used: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGP-3MyBwtI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jl_txxYQEA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_ThemgWNiE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQrNsA3yxFY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrzIPZktGzQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dgXuuMlZRqs Music used: Still - Ross Bugden https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=962VmrIh9vQ Interesting information on the Coelecanth: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/endangered-species/coelacanth2.htm https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/fishtree_09 https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/fish/coelacanth https://oceana.org/marine-life/ocean-fishes/coelacanth

Greenland Sharks, Monsters of the Arctic Deep: Deep Sea Wonders The Greenland shark is perhaps the most peculiar species of shark, found in the icy Arctic waters often at depths of 2,000 metres, down in the midnight zone of the ocean. Living at such depths has led to Greenland sharks experiencing something known as ‘deep sea gigantism’, which is the tendency for deep-sea dwelling species to be larger than their shallower-water relatives. With some growing to 6 metres long, and weighing 2,000 pounds, they are certainly among the largest shark species in the world. But despite their size, there are no cases of attacks on humans. Like the vultures of the skies, they are primarily scavengers, but strangely enough have been known to eat another ocean leviathan. Beaks of the mighty colossal squid have been found in their stomachs; invertebrates even more elusive than this deep-sea shark. The Greenland shark is truly a living fossil, with some individuals thought to be 400 years old, and possibly more. The transparent tissue of their eye lens is metabolically inactive, and new layers are added as the sharks grows older, much like the rings of a tree. When scientists experimented on the lens tissue of 28 female Greenland sharks from the north Atlantic, using radiocarbon dating on the innermost layer of the lens, they estimated the two biggest sharks to be around 335 to 392 years old. Watch more Deep Sea Wonders: #1 The Greenland Shark - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeOSlZYdvLY #2 The Coelacanth - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__Woo6L1bl0&t=20s #3 The Oarfish - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Baxnlt61jYc&t=25s #4 The Ocean Sunfish - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-FK1aR1pic&t=34s #5 The Megamouth Shark - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHhhDnksp44 #6 The Giant Squid - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-y0TNNiZOs Footage used: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hFPOCh6wJKQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvtiH5r6jSk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eaPhWjdz6x4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOS82QTPZIw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y68bQGZen_k If you are interested, check out these similar videos from other channels on the topic of Greenland Sharks, they really are fascinating creatures: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Djj3-jF19F8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrmBehbYWws https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oyMV5B1KsS8 OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

In this African wildlife documentary series, Leo travels across the Okavango Delta in Southern Africa in search of the Delta's incredible wildlife. This is part 1 of the series; episodes will be released over time with each one focusing on a different anima, from lions and elephants to cheetahs, we hope you enjoy. All footage is original and filmed by the NWF team. Deep at the heart of the great Kalahari lies a lush oasis like no other; a place of astounding beauty home to a great variety of wildlife. The Okavango delta. It is here where we have come to observe the incredible wildlife of Africa from the largest to the fastest. The Okavango is like nowhere else in the world, a haven of unspoiled natural beauty which has remained unchanged for hundreds of years. The wildlife here is more diverse than anywhere else in Africa, as over 150 species of mammals congregate at the seasonal floodplains in their masses; attracted by the green plants and vast life-giving waterways. Animals like these impalas frequently visit these waterholes to drink, especially in the dry season when water can become much more sparse. The delta is densely populated by antelope. Great numbers of all different varieties gather to graze on the watered grasses, from herds of leaping lechwes to snorting buffalo. All worthy contenders on the kill list of many predators. One of the most numerous animal species in the delta are the termites, small invertebrates who makes their homes in the rotting woods of dead trees. Around the wood, they pile up a great monument of soil and sand growing larger as it gets older as more and more material is built up on top. Many of these termite mounds are abandoned, but other wildlife can often find their own uses for it, like these mongoose who have tunnelled into the monument to make their home. Even leopards are known to inhabit old mounds, seeking shade from the restless sun. It wasn’t long before we finally encountered the King of the Delta, with his pride of females close by his side. This female here can be seen scratching at an old tree stump. While it may look like she is only playing, this is a very important exercise. She does this in order to keep her claws sharp, so she is ever-ready for the hunt and the tearing of flesh that will inevitably follow. It is also known to keep the claws clean and free from infection. This particular stump appeared well-worn; it seems this pack frequented this spot, according to our guide Jakes who knew the area well. This pack was readying for a hunt. The females appeared restless, while the male gathered strength in the shade. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Full factual video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pk3qz4ie1L0 Acoustic Instrumental by Hyde - Free Instrumentals https://soundcloud.com/davidhydemusic Creative Commons — Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported— CC BY-ND 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b... Music provided by Music for Creators https://youtu.be/KDPbT81v7wY

After almost a year's absence from youtube, Leo is back with a brand new half-hour documentary filmed in Africa in the summer of 2017. Join Leo on his journey across southern Africa to explore the fascinating wildlife that calls Africa home. In the first episode of this two-part series, the Natural World Facts team head to Victoria Falls in Zimbabwe before travelling to Chobe National Park in Botswana. This documentary has been nearly one year in the making, so we hope you enjoy. Watch part 2, Wild Okavango, here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8zOHEEENUU&t=49s All footage is original and filmed by the NWF team. This was my first full-length documentary project, filmed in the summer of 2017 while on location in Zimbabwe. It was truly a once-in-a-lifetime experience, and all I took (apart from suncream and far too few clothes) was my little handheld camera, and some SD cards with barely enough memory. What came out of it is this, a half-hour documentary featuring all original footage presented by myself, and I'm very happy with it. It took about a year to edit, with very limited resources by way of CPU but (luckily) access to Final Cut Pro. I hope you enjoy it, and I'd appreciate any feedback greatly. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction to African Wildlife 1:10 The Zambezi River 2:26 The Kalahari Desert 3:56 Victoria Falls 4:46 Giraffes in the Scrubland 6:26 Warthogs 7:16 An Interview with our Safari Guide 8:20 A Herd of Water Buffalo 9:59 African Elephants 11:57 A Troop of Baboons 13:01 The Sinking Sun 14:37 Heading to Botswana 15:36 Chobe National Park 16:14 Elephants of Chobe 17:39 Elephants Crossing the Great River 21:10 Driving Through Chobe 23:05 African Hunting Dogs 24:41 African Lions 26:21 Farewell, Chobe 28:11 Credits and Special Thanks 28:52 Elephants and their Prehensile Appendages ============================================== Music credit: Accralate - The Dark Contenent by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100341 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Bumba Crossing by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1500031 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ At The Shore - The Dark Contenent by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100770 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Music: ‘I Can Fly' used with permission by Rommel Reyes and Ro Reyes Media. Music: ‘Wild at Heart’ used with permission by Jonny Easton Music: Instrumental cover of 'Dirty Paws by Of Monsters and Men' by Marcel M (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-WasbmdFjo) Music: Instrumental cover of 'Yellow Light by Of Monsters and Men' by George Marinosyan (https://soundcloud.com/george-marinosyan/yellow-light-instrumental-of-monsters-and-men) OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This How To guide is all about making closed Terrariums. I was inspired to create this terrarium by youtuber SerpaDesign, who creates great tutorials and terrarium videos along with helpful tips on building terrariums and a variety of other topics. Watch him here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGzXtNdhjPxvCNWFme1bG0g New improved version: https://youtu.be/y0u9k-MSo8U A terrarium is an enclosed ecosystem which can be entirely self-sustaining. Once set up and watered, you will never need to open it again since it will regulate its own water and nutrient cycles. Before we begin, you will need an airtight container. Some good examples include glass jars with clip tops, screw on lids or corks but for my example I’ll be using a large round display jar with a lid which sits comfortably on top, allowing it to retain the moisture in the air. Other equipment you will need includes porous mesh which allows water through but not substrate, some rocks or gravel, some activated carbon for fish tank filters or charcoal, and a selection of small to medium sized local plants and mosses. The first step is to place about an inch of stones or gravel in the base of your container. For this example, I’ll be using these coloured rocks since they are all I have readily available but any aquarium gravel or pebbles should do. Next, sprinkle on a coating of activated carbon sticks or charcoal to help with filtration. The next step is to cut out the shape of the base of your container from the porous mesh. It needs to cover the gravel layer entirely so it’s best to cut it slightly larger than the shape itself. Once this is in place over the gravel, you can add the soil. The purpose of this gravel layer is to separate the standing water from the soil to avoid roots rotting. The water will collect here as a water reservoir then will evaporate, condensate on the walls of your glass container and then fall back down into the substrate, effectively replicating the natural water cycle. This will ensure that the terrarium will naturally water itself. Moving onto the soil, a good soil mix should retain moisture well and be a mix of dead leaves, moss and compost. The soil layer should be deeper than your gravel layer to allow root space. Next, let’s add some plants to the terrarium. I will be making this a native terrarium so will be using plants from nearby parks and gardens. You could use tropical plants for yours instead. Place your choice of plants in the terrarium, paying close attention to your arrangement and how you would like it to look aesthetically. Think about putting larger plants in the background and smaller ones in the foreground. Moss is excellent for ground covering as it will eventually spread and make your terrarium look lush and wild. I’ve used a few different varieties of temperate moss inline and positioned them in-between the main plants. When choosing plants, pick some with a variety of leaf types and shades of green. Also, if you come across any worms or woodlice, set them aside for later as worms will help add nutrients to the soil and woodlice will decompose any dead matter which will help to break down nutrients. These nutrients will be absorbed by the plants through their roots via osmosis. You can also add pieces of bark or wood for landscaping. The final step is to water your terrarium by misting. Spray a very generous amount of water over the plants and moss to help them settle and to provide the ecosystem with water which will be continuously cycled throughout the terrarium. And there we have it, the perfect addition to your windowsill. You now have your very own tiny ecosystem in a jar. Observe how the plant life changes and spreads over time.You may notice that some die but this is normal. Other plants will grow in its place and seeds will spread. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Watch the full video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JB1LcM_Thi4 Filmed using an Apeman Sports Action Camera 1080p Hd 12mp Waterproof Cam 170 Ultra - which I sank down into my pond. The resulting footage was way better than expected!

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about British Newts in the series Reptiles and Amphibians. All footage taken by Leo R. There are three native newt species in the UK; smooth, palmate and great crested newts. Smooth newts are the most widespread species, common throughout the UK. They are most active around dusk and dawn, feeding on a wide variety of aquatic invertebrates. Newts are much faster in the water, with paddle-like tails to help them move quickly. As you can see here, they move their tails side to side like fish to propel themselves. Adult newts emerge from their overwintering sites in early spring and return to ponds to breed. Their breeding season is around April and May, at which time the male develops his crest which is absent throughout the rest of the year. In all species, the male puts on a courtship display in which he waves his crest and shows off his colours before the female. In smooth newts, the male’s colours become much more vivid in Spring while the female remains paler. Females lay small eggs surrounded by a transparent jelly capsule on leaves of aquatic plants or folded inside leaves. Two to four weeks later, larvae will hatch out. The larvae have feathery gills around the head, distinguishing them from frog and toad tadpoles. They will soon begin to develop their front then back legs before leaving the water as efts in Summer. At this time of year, adult newts will remain in the water hunting frog tadpoles. Their preferred habitats are weedy ponds in Spring, which provide cover and egg-laying locations on aquatic plants. However, later in the summer and in autumn, newts can be found sheltering on land under wood and rocks hunting slugs and insects. They spend the winter sheltering under rocks, in compost heaps or buried down in mud. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next.

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Bee in the series British Wildlife. Watch extended bee footage: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NgMTlvu_k2c All footage taken by Leo R. It’s springtime, meaning the garden is buzzing with the sound of bees, collecting pollen and nectar from a variety of flowers and blossom. They’re attracted to the bright colours and sweet smells of the flowers which rely on the bees to distribute their pollen. This is known as cross-pollination, which some plants require in order to produce seeds. The relationship between bees and flowers is symbiotic as the bees are also rewarded for their hard work by a sweet mixture of water and sugars called nectar which is produced by plants. There are around 250 species of UK bees, but they come under three main types: bumblebees, honeybees and solitary bees. The type flying around this lavender are honeybees. Bees have long tongues, called a proboscis, which they use to suck nectar from flowers. They keep the nectar in a special honey stomach and once this stomach is filled up, they return to the hive to make honey. The flowers produce the sweet nectar to attract pollinators like bees. When a bee lands on a flower it picks up pollen sacs from the stamen (the male reproductive organ of the flower) which stick to their feet and hairy bodies. When they fly to another flower, the pollen rubs off onto the stigma (the female reproductive organ of the flower) and the plant has been cross-pollinated. This makes fertilization possible, and a fruit, carrying seeds, can develop. Bees seem to be particularly attracted to blue flowers, and yellow flowers which appear blue to them. So if you’re hoping to attract bees to your garden, it’s a good idea to go for blue or yellow. Honey bees are about 15 mm long and are light brown in colour. They have oval-shaped bodies with light and dark stripes. The brightly coloured bodies of the honey bee serve as a warning to predators of the honey bees’ ability to sting. Bumblebees are larger and hairier than honeybees, with black and yellow banding. Along with honeybees, they can be found throughout the garden as well as in parks, woods, orchards and meadows in spring until late autumn. In winter, the bees in a bumblebee colony die off and only the queen bee survives. She usually burrows down in the soil to hibernate and then emerges in the spring to start a new colony. Honeybees, however, stay close together in their hive to keep warm, while solitary bees (which don’t live in hives) hibernate wherever they can find shelter. The distinctive ‘buzzing’ sound bees make is created when they flap their wings very fast (up to 200 times per second) which creates vibrations in the air, which we hear as buzzing. If they feel threatened, they flap their wings more so the buzzing gets louder. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next.

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Komodo Dragon in the series Reptiles and Amphibians. - Brief Overview: Komodo Dragons are the world’s largest living lizards. They are native to Indonesia and are locally known as an ora, or land crocodile. The size of an average male Komodo dragon is 8 to 9 feet, which is 2 metres and they can weigh up to 200 pounds. Females can grow to 6 feet, which is 1.8 metres. The average lifespan of a Komodo Dragon is more than 30 years. - Appearance: Komodo Dragons can be identified by their large size, flat heads, long muscular tails and strong legs for reaching speeds up to 13 miles per hour (20kph). They also have long, sharp claws for climbing trees. Their skin is tough and very thick, coated with bony plates called osteoderms. - Diet: Komodo Dragons are carnivores, meaning they only eat meat. They are very fierce hunters, meaning they can eat very large prey, including water buffalo, deer, pigs, carrion and even humans. They will even eat smaller dragons, and can consume up to 80% of their body weight in one feeding. Komodo Dragons have very good vision, being able to see objects as far away as 985 feet (300 metres). Their sense of smell is their main way of detecting prey. They use their forked tongues to taste the air and special organs in their mouths analyse the airborne molecules to pick up an animals scent. Komodo’s have a very unique way of killing their prey. Firstly, they will spring up and knock over the prey with their huge feet. They then use their sharp serrated teeth to rip their prey to shreds. If it escapes, it will die within 24 hours from blood poisoning. With its amazing sense of smell, the dragon will find the dead animal and finish its meal. - Habitat: Komodo Dragons can only be found on five islands in the wild, each within the Komodo National Park in Indonesia. They inhabit tropical dry forests, savannah and deciduous monsoon forests. They prefer extreme heat, around 95 degrees Fahrenheit (39 degrees Celsius). - Breeding: Komodo Dragons tend to be solitary outside of the mating season, which is between May and August. Females will lay up to 30 grapefruit-sized eggs each in September. The incubation period is around 3 months. Female Komodo’s also build fake ‘decoy’ nests to confuse predators and to keep the eggs safe. Female’s can also give birth through asexual reproduction, meaning they don’t need a male to fertilise their eggs for them to hatch. After birth, the newborn dragons aren’t cared for by their parents. In fact, they quickly run away up trees to avoid being eaten by their mothers or other dragons. - Status: The Komodo Dragon is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN red-list for threatened species. There are an estimated 6000 left in the wild and they are protected within the Komodo National Park. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Hello and welcome to Natural World Facts, in this episode of wierd animal facts Leo will be talking about the the praying mantids who eat their partners after sex, the drongo birds who trick meerkats, the manakin bird who's courtship display resembles a moonwalk, the ocean crop circles made by an unexpected little fish and the suriname sea toad which rears it's young in it's back. - Number 5: Insects that eat their partners A strange behaviour has been observed in mating pairs of Praying Mantids where, after mating, the female seems to attack and eat her partner alive. This may seem a very alien behaviour to us but it is not uncommon for mantids. The male is simply a high energy meal which the female eats to ensure that the eggs in her body mature faster. It has also been witnessed for the female to bite off and eat her partner’s head whilst she is still mating with him, and the mating process continues undisturbed. - Number 4: The trickster bird Drongos are the Kalahari’s most mischievous bird. First, he gains the trust of a pack of meerkats by calling a warning when he spots a danger such as an eagle, sending the meerkats scurrying for safety. Once they begin to trust him as their lookout, he sounds another warning; but it is a false alarm. With the meerkats abandoning their prey and scuttling off to their den, the drongo will swoop down and snatch the insects or scorpions they had found from the ground. A free meal in return for warning of danger. However, the meerkats will only fall for this trick once, yet the drongo has another trick up it’s sleeve. It can imitate the call of the meerkats own lookout guard, which they can not ignore, allowing him to snatch up their meal once again. - Number 3: Manakin bird Another bird species has also displayed a very unusual behaviour. The manakin from Brazil has a, let’s say unique approach to attracting a mate. The males put on a courtship display which appears to be a sort of moonwalk, sliding backwards across a branch. If the female manakin is satisfied with a male’s dance, she will mate with him. The competition between males is a fierce dance-off and only the best dancer will get to mate. - Number 2: Ocean crop circles In Japan, strange crop circle patterns have been found on the sandy seabed, resembling closely sci-fi crop circles thought to be left by alien spacecraft. It was discovered, however, that these patterns were actually made by small fishes, closely related to puffers. The males create these pieces of art to attract females. Fish as small as thirteen centimetres long manage to create patterns up to two metres in diameter. They create them by swimming along the bottom and shifting the sand with their lower fins. - Number 1: Surinam sea toad The surinam sea toad from south America has evolved a very rare way of rearing young. Rather than laying frogspawn and allowing her young to develop into tadpoles like most other frogs, this toad instead has laid her eggs in pockets on her back for extra protection. Her young develop there fully, emerging not as tadpoles but as fully formed frogs. When they emerge, they burst out from the skin on her back. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX #weirdanimalfacts #surinamtoad

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Red Squirrel in the series Mammals. All footage taken by Leo R. Since Red Squirrels are so rare in the UK, I travelled to Jersey in the channel islands where there are only no Greys to film the elusive Reds. The Red Squirrel is the UK’s only native species of squirrel, and was once common across the UK, but now are listen as near threatened due to the introduction of the non-native grey squirrels from America. The grey’s carry a disease, known as squirrel poxvirus, which does not seem to have any affect on them but can be deadly to the native reds. Red squirrels inhabit coniferous forests and deciduous woodlands in Scotland, Northumberland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Lake District. They are most active in the mornings and late afternoon. Red squirrels are recognisable by their red to russet fur, ear tufts and long, fluffy tails. The colour of their coat can vary with some reds appearing very grey, brown and even black. They have a white underside. Grey squirrels are much stockier and rounder, without any ear tufts. Red squirrels are very elusive and spend most of their time in the tree canopy. They often communicate with a squeaky vocalisation noise. Red squirrels have a mainly herbivorous diet that includes seeds, hazelnuts, green acorns, fungus, bark, and sapwood. They also occasionally eat insects, young birds and bird’s eggs. Reds do not hibernate and, in Autumn, store fungi in trees to eat over the winter months when they are less active. When food is plentiful, they put on weight in autumn to keep them warm the winter. This is very important for breeding females for producing young in the spring. Red squirrels build large nests, called dreys, high up in the forks of tree trunks. They are usually solitary, only coming together to mate. In February to April, they produce 2 to 3 young, called kittens and often have a second litter from May to June. Outside of the mating season, red squirrels tend to live alone, but put on courtship displays called a mating chase through the trees in the spring. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next.

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Humpback Whale in the series Mammals. - Brief Overview: The Humpback Whale is one of the larger species of whale, with males measuring over 15 meters (50 feet) long, which is still only half the size of the blue whale. They can weigh up to 44 tons (40,000kg). They are powerful swimmers, and use their massive tail fins, called flukes, to propel themselves through the water. They also use these powerful tails to breach completely out of the water before landing with a tremendous splash. Scientists aren't sure if this breaching behaviour has a purpose, such as cleaning pests from the whale's skin, or whether it is simply for fun. The average lifespan is around 50 years. - Appearance: Humpback Whales are grey-black in colour, with a white, patchy underside. When swimming, these whales arch their backs, making them look like a large hump, giving them their name ‘Humpbacks.’ They have unusually long pectoral fins, which are about 1/3 the length of its body, which it uses for swimming and propelling itself through the water. - Diet: Humpbacks prey on a diet of small fish, krill, salmon and herring along with other small prey. They are baleen whales, so have large plates of baleen instead of teeth. During the feeding season, they hunt using a technique known as bubble net fishing, in which a group of Humpbacks circle their prey and blow bubbles around them in order to herd the fish into a tight ball. The whales also create loud vocal sounds to scare the fish to the surface of the water and slap their fins against the water to stun the fish. The whales will swim up and lunge at the fish with an open mouth and engulf thousands in a single gulp. After capturing a mouthful of fish the humpback will then push the water out of its mouth using its tongue and swallow the prey. - Habitat: During the summer months, which is their feeding season, these whales can be found in cold waters in Alaska and Antarctica where there are large quantities of fish and krill. During winter, these whales migrate to locations such as Hawaii and the gulf of Maine to mate. During their migration, these whales are known to travel as far as 16,000 miles (25,000 km) making them one of the furthest migrating species in the world. - Breeding: Humpbacks mate during the winter months, and females have a gestation period of around 12 months. Once born, the calves are looked after by their mother for the first year and, like all other mammals, suckle milk. The milk is 35% fat and contains essential nutrients for the calf. - Status: Today there are at least 80,000 humpback whales worldwide, however at one point these marine mammals were considered highly endangered due to commercial whaling. They have since made a huge comeback and are no longer at risk, however still face threats such as noise pollution and overfishing of their prey items. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Dear all my awesome subscribers, thank you so much for watching my videos and showing your support - it means soo much!!!!!!!!! As a celebration for the landmark of 750 subscribers, I put together some footage I have taken of beautiful British wildlife, I hope you enjoy! Let's make 1000 :D

Hello and welcome to Natural World Facts, in this episode of wierd animal facts Leo will be talking about the sperm whales who adopted a dolphin with scoliosis, the time fish rained on England, the lizard that squirts blood from its eyes, the cuckoo, and the elephants who mourn their dead. - Number 5: The dolphin and the whales This piece of footage taken by scientists depicts a very rare interaction between a small pod of Sperm Whales and an adult bottlenose dolphin. The dolphin appears to have a spinal malformation called scoliosis, which is the abnormal twisting of the spine. This appeared to be the first time this type of friendly interaction had been observed in sperm whales, as the giant cetaceans usually avoid contact with these dolphins. Scientists spotted this event near the Azores Islands, an archipelago about 900 miles off the coast of Portugal. Although inter-species friendships are rare, this isn’t the first case of Dolphins befriending Whales. - Number 4: ‘It’s raining fish’ On the 6th August, 2000, In Norfolk, England, tiny two-inch fish called sprats came raining out of the sky. The phenomenon can be explained, however. Given strong enough winds in thunderstorms, small whirlwinds and mini-tornadoes may form. When these travel over water any small items of debris in their path, such as fish or frogs, may be picked up and can be carried several miles away. In this case, the fish were picked up from the lake by the strong winds, carried by the clouds over urban areas, and dropped. - Number 3: The cuckoo Cuckoo birds have a very interesting approach to parenting as they do not build a nest to lay their eggs in, but instead do so in other bird’s nests. They even rely on the other bird species to look after their young for them. The trick is, it is done without the other bird parent ever suspecting a thing. The cuckoo will wait for the mother to leave before quickly laying her eggs in the nest. Cuckoos have an amazing ability of disguising their own eggs to look similar to that of its nest partner’s. Once hatched, the baby trickster will also drop the other species eggs out of their own nest to secure her own survival. - Number 2: The blood squirting lizards Horned Lizards have a very unusual defensive reaction against their enemies. When threatened, they shoot an aimed stream of blood from out of their eyes by voluntarily increasing the blood pressure in their sinuses until they explode. This stream of blood can reach distances of up to 5 feet. Although the blood is not poisonous, it does create chaos and confusion to the attacker. - Number 1: Mourning elephants Elephants have exhibited a very strange yet familiar behaviour. Unlike many other animals, when a member of the herd dies, they will stay close beside it for some time. They even take leaves, dirt and branches and cover other elephants after they die. Even when they come across elephant bones, they appear to recognise that they belong to one of their species, and spend time investigating the bones in a subdued manner. This empathetic behaviour is a reminder of just how similar elephants are to ourselves. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Lion in the series Mammals. - Brief Overview: The Lion is the second largest big cat in the world behind the Tiger. Unlike other cats, lions are very social animals. They live in groups, called prides, which contain around 30 lions. A pride consists of up to three males, a dozen related females, and their young. Lions have a very powerful roar which can be heard up to 8 km (5 mi.) away. Males and females take on very different roles in the pride. Male lions spend their time guarding their territory and their cubs, whilst females are the primary hunters of the group. - Appearance: Lions fur is yellowy-brown in colour. Males are generally larger than females and have a distinctive reddish-brown mane of hair around their heads. The mane is to make the male look impressive to females and more intimidating to other males. The mane also protects the male's neck during fights over territory or mating rights. - Diet: Lions are carnivores, and prey on antelopes, buffalo, zebras, young elephants, rhinos, hippos, wild hogs, crocodiles and giraffes. They hunt by stealth, and since their prey is usually faster than them, Lions use teamwork to hunt by forming a semicircle and herding the prey towards the centre before attacking. All the lions in the pride will share the meal, but there is a pecking order, with the adult males eating first, followed by the lionesses, and then the cubs. - Habitat: African lions live in Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Tanzania and the Central African Republic in scrub, grassland or open woodlands. They wander a territory of 100 square miles (260 square kilometers). Asiatic lions are found only in the Gir Forest National Park in India in deciduous forest, grasslands, scrub jungle and rocky hills. - Breeding: Lionesses have a gestation period of around four months and give birth to 2-3 cubs at a time. She will give birth to her young away from others and hide the cubs for the first six weeks of their lives as they will be completely dependent on their mother. All the females in a pride mate at the same time. After the first six weeks, the cubs are taken care of by all of the females and will often nurse from those other than their mother. - Status: African Lions are listed as vulnerable on the IUCN red list of threatened species, due to hunting, habitat loss and diseases spread from domestic dogs in nearby villages. Asiatic Lions are listed as endangered, with a population of only around 350 left. This is due to habitat loss. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Hello and welcome to Natural World Facts, in this episode of wierd animal facts Leo will be talking about the plant that eats bats, the strange pyrosome 'sea sock,' the great red crab migration and the zombie starfish who are losing their limbs. - Number 5: The plant that ‘eats’ bats A scientific expedition to Borneo in 2014 was shocked when they captured these images of bats, seemingly being eaten by the carnivorous pitcher plant, which usually consumes insects that are attracted to its sweet, nectar fluid. Upon closer inspection, however, it seems these plants provide a perfect, cool place for bats to rest during the heat of the day. In return, the plant gets sustenance through the poo that the bats leave behind. Its a perfect symbiotic relationship and not, as it seemed at first, the first bat-eating plant. - Number 4: Ocean sock? This strange, luminescent tube had scientists stumped for ages. It lacked an organisms usual characteristics of eyes or a mouth and looked simply like a giant floating sock. However it was recently discovered that this was in fact living, but wasn’t just one organism. This was a pyrosome, a mass of thousands of tiny animals called zooids, stuck together like glue and trapping and eating plankton. Number 3: Red crab swarm For thousands of year, there has been a mass annual migration of tens of millions of red crabs on Christmas island from the forests down to the shore to mate and for the females to lay their eggs in the sea. But on recent migrations, thousands of these crabs had been dying for unknown causes. It was soon discovered that the culprit was an invasive species to the island, known as the yellow crazy ant. They immobilised the crabs by spraying formic acid in their eyes eyes and leg joints, soon killing the crabs which would become food for the ants. With the population of these ants increasing and the crabs decreasing, this could spell doom for Christmas islands iconic annual event. - Number 2: Pilot whales mass beaching In February 2017, hundreds of whales died after beaching themselves at a remote beach in New Zealand; over 650 pilot whales have beached themselves on a 3 mile stretch of Farewell Spit on the country's South Island. Over 330 of them died, 220 remain beached and 100 have made it back to sea. But why are these creatures suddenly beaching themselves, and all at the same time. Pilot whales travel in pods following a matriarch out to sea. If the group navigator is dead or injured it could explain why the group is repeatedly getting lost and stuck in shallow water. There is also evidence that naval ships sonar’s could be driving them into these waters. But the real reason remains unknown, however at least some science will also come out of the tragedy that may help researchers understand and prevent future mass strandings. - Number 1: The ‘zombie’ sea stars A very disturbing new behaviour was witnessed in sea stars on Americas west coast. They were observed pulling off their own arms, which then appear to crawl away from the body on their own. This behaviour was observed all along the pacific coast, from Alaska to Mexico, with over 20 different species of sea stars tearing themselves apart. But what had taken over these zombie starfish? Well, on every single species, each of their limbs is identical, and contains their vital organs. They feed by wrapping their stomach around their prey to dissolve it. Much like lizards tails, sea stars can regrow their limbs if it is torn off by a predator. Some species can regrow their entire body from a single arm, so long as a small part of the central disc remains. But this still doesn't explain why sea stars are simply losing their limbs with no sign of danger nearby. In some species, this is a way of reproducing; by splitting in two and creating a new sea star. But in this case, the are disintegrating and dying, littering the Pacific coast with bodies. Well, in 2014, scientists announced that they had in fact found what was causing this devastation. It was a newly-discovered diseases called sea star associated densovirus. Unfortunately, it remains unknown why it has suddenly caused all this destruction now when it has actually existed since the 1940’s. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Crocodile in the series Reptiles and Amphibians - Enjoy :) - Brief Overview: Crocodiles are large reptiles belonging to the crocodilian family, which also includes caimans, alligators and gharials. There are 13 different species of crocodiles, the smallest of which is the dwarf crocodile, which grows to 5 and a half feet (1.5 meters) in length and weighs around 15 pounds (7 kilograms). The largest species is the saltwater crocodile, the biggest ever found was 20 feet (6 m) long. - Appearance: Crocodiles are well armoured with tough, scaly skin. They have a long tail and powerful limbs for pushing themselves through the water and walking on land. They are grey-green with long, slender V-shaped snouts, which distinguish them from the alligator, who have much broader, U-shaped snouts. Another relative, the gharial, has an elongated, narrow snout. - Diet: Crocodiles are carnivores, meaning they only eat meat. They prey on a diet of fish, mammals, birds, frogs and crustaceans. The diet of the Nile crocodile is mainly fish, but it will attack almost anything to cross its path, including zebras, small hippos, and sometimes other crocodiles. They clamp down on their prey with their massive jaws to crush it before swallowing it whole as they can’t chew their food like other animals. - Habitat: Crocodiles can be found in the tropical regions of Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia, usually near lakes, rivers, wetlands and even some saltwater areas. As they are cold blooded, they hibernate during the colder months in burrows they’ve dug out in the sides of river banks or lakes and settle in for a long sleep. - Breeding: Crocodiles mate in January and February. Females build a nest of loose dirt in a mound by the water’s edge and lay their eggs in clutches of 35 to 50 eggs. She will bury the eggs and guard her nest fiercely. In July to August, the eggs will hatch and the female will help to carefully carry them to the water in her jaws. However she will not continue to care for her young, unlike the alligator. - Status: The Cuban crocodile is among the world’s most threatened crocodile, listed as critically endangered on the IUCN red list of threatened species, with a population of around 4000 left. Other species, such as the American croc, are listed as vulnerable. Poaching is possibly crocodiles greatest threat, along with habitat loss. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next.

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Great White Shark in the series Ocean Life - Enjoy :) Newer Great White Shark video: https://youtu.be/VKLoWWIda3w - Brief Overview: Great White Sharks are the worlds largest predatory fish. They can grow to be around 15 to 20 feet, which is 4 to 6 metres long. They generally weigh up to 2300 kg (5000 lb.) Although they are massive, Great White Sharks are not the largest kind of shark. The whale shark is the largest, although is a filter feeder, and preys on krill and plankton. These fish are well adapted predators, with over 300 serrated, triangular teeth arranged in rows. They also have an acute sense of smell, being able to detect one drop of blood in 25 gallons (100 liters) of water. - Appearance: Great Whites are blue-grey on their upper side to blend in with the bottom of the ocean when viewed from above. They get their name from their white undersides, which make it difficult to see the sharks from below. They have streamlined, torpedo shaped bodies and powerful tails enabling them to reach speeds up to 24 km/hr (15 mph). - Diet: Great white sharks are carnivores, preying on a diet of seals, sea lions, sea turtles, carrion and even small whales. they search for prey at the surface while swimming below. When they hunt, they leave the water completely, breaching like whales when attacking prey from underneath. Surprisingly, Great White Sharks are far more ferocious in our minds than in reality. Though they are often seen as man-eaters, these animals are responsible for just 5 to 10 attacks per year. - Habitat: They can be found in cool coastal waters across the globe, but mostly along the coasts of Australia, South Africa, California and the northeastern United States. - Breeding: Great White sharks are Ovoviviparous, meaning the young develop and hatch inside the female and continue to develop until birth. They have an 11 month gestation period, the powerful jaws begin to develop in the first month. Birth is usually in Spring and Summer. - Status: Great White Sharks are listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red-List of threatened species, mostly due to overfishing and accidental catching. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next.

Dear all my subscribers, thank you so much for watching my videos and showing your support - it means soo much!!!!!!!!! A few years ago, me and my brother, Ralph, set up an online blog called Nature Control, with one aim: to inform people about the natural world and the animals we share it with. We posted daily facts and built a small community of followers. After about a year, I came up with an idea. I said to Ralph, "What if we started creating videos about animals instead?" We first decided to change our name from Nature Control to Natural World Facts, and have a fresh start. And so, on Aug 8, 2012, our first video was published; Hermit Crabs Fact File. ,At this point, the concept of having even a hundred people watching my videos was far-fetched. I simply did it because of my passion for nature and animals, with Ralph filming and editing for me. Unfortunately, in August 2014, my brother was taking important exams and no longer had time to film or edit for me. The videos simply stopped... until precisely one year later when somebody re-lit the spark of passion. Natasha, a meteoroligist from the Natural History Museum, London, had become a good friend of mine due to our shared passions, and it was her who pursuaded me to continue the videos. The minute I got home, I set up the green screen and started filming. But when it came to editing, there was a problem. Before, Ralph had been using Final Cut Pro to edit, but my laptop only had IMovie. Although the videos were informative, they weren't perfect. On Apr 15, 2016, I released a video on the whale shark, having edited using Final Cut Pro which I had finally managed to get on my computer (thanks to Ralph being a tech genius and transferring it from his computer).From then on, I was able to edit things better and in higher quality. I began making new series, such as the 'What Is' series and the 'british wildlife' series. Suddenly, my subscriber count began increasing faster, and before I knew it i was at 200 subscribers. A few months later, and here we are. It never even occured to me when I started out that this day would come, but here we are... so honestly, thank you for being so fantastic!!!!! See you next time :) Special Thanks to: 5 Minutes: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjLuBE3yzhValzi1N61corQ 99 second of everything: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2XCY6vYY-GhGfoveC2TqDQ lavender creative theater: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC38PxauiN2q1M16iLtGljQg TheTrainOFantasy: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9zKeZtKa9WMdHUzfTqo4yw bensamulakTV: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4SvTyVEOpSF6Bpn1xLnCNQ The Maths and Science Behind it All UK: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX56uOeJwl7TRbAOevYBeIA TR7: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxZ7Qq9mg_Fyb98d_xeV_FA ... For always watching and leaving feedback :) Happy 2017!!! Buddha by Kontekst https://soundcloud.com/kontekstmusic Creative Commons — Attribution 3.0 Unported— CC BY 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/b... Music provided by Audio Library https://youtu.be/b6jK2t3lcRs

All footage taken by Leo R of NWF - Whilst on location in Western Australia, I encountered a pod of bottlenose dolphins when out on a boat. Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts This fact file is all about Dolphins in the series Mammals. Dolphins are highly intelligent marine mammals and can be found worldwide, usually in shallow seas. They are carnivores, mostly eating fish, squid and crustaceans. Bottlenose Dolphins are grey in colour, and have a distinctive dorsal fin which appears when they come up to breath at the surface. They are very social animals, travelling in groups from 5 individuals up to several hundred. Dolphins usually only give birth to one calf, which will still stay with its mother until it is 3 to 8 years old. Although they can hold their breath for up to 7 minutes, dolphins must frequently come up to breath. This means they can never fully sleep as one side of their brain must always be active so that they remember to breathe. Dolphins have an incredible sense of hearing. Sounds travel through their lower jaw to their inner ear, allowing them to communicate with each other using a variety of whistles, and clicks. They create these sounds using nasal sacs in their heads. Dolphins produce high-frequency clicks that humans can’t hear. When the clicking sound reaches an object, it echoes back to the dolphin. They then process this information to determine the shape, size, speed, distance, and location of the object. This is called Echolocation. Bottlenose dolphins use echolocation when hunting for prey. They have around 20 pairs of sharp, teeth on each side of their jaw, but usually swallow their prey whole. They consume 8-15 kg (15-30 lbs.) food per day. They usually cooperate in groups to capture prey, taking turns herding fish into smaller areas while others swim through and snap the fish up. Bottlenose Dolphins are listed as least concern on the IUCN red-list of threatened species, and have a lifespan of 40 to 50 years. Their dorsal fin, along with their powerful, broad, tail, allows them to swim at speeds up to 35 km/h (22 mph) and dive as deep as 915 m (3000 ft.) Dolphins are also very playful animals, often following boats or rolling over in the water. This playfulness is often considered a sign of their renowned intelligence. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Cassowary in the series Birds - Enjoy :) The cassowary is a large species of flightless bird found in the dense tropical forests of New Guinea and parts of north-eastern Australia. The cassowary is closely related to emus and ostriches, and is the third tallest and second heaviest bird in the world behind these two. As they have lost the ability to fly, these birds have instead developed the need to run up to speeds of over 30mph. The cassowary also has large, sharp claws to defend itself from danger. The most distinctive features of the cassowary are it's large body size, brightly coloured feathers and the crest on the top of the it's head. It is thought that this crest of cassowary is used for courtship or fighting. The cassowary is an omnivore, feeding on a wide variety of both plants and animals. Cassowaries mainly feed on fruits that have fallen to the ground, along with leaves, grasses, seeds, insects and other invertebrates. The cassowary is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN red-list of threatened species, due to habitat loss and the introduction of predators. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about Reindeer in the series Mammals. Merry Christmas everyone!!!!! Reindeer (or Caribou) belong to the deer family, which also includes deer, elk and moose. However, reindeer are the only type of deer in which both the males and females grow antlers. These antlers fall off and regrow every year. A male's can grow up to 51 inches (130 centimeters) long, making them very useful when fighting. Male reindeer lose their antlers in November, but females keep theirs much longer. This means that Santa’s reindeer must have all been female, since they are depicted as having horns on December 24. Reindeer can be found in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, northern Europe and northern Asia in tundra, mountains and woodland habitats. They are very social creatures, and feed, travel and rest in herds. Reindeer are herbivores, which means they only eat vegetation. Their diet consists of herbs, ferns, mosses, grasses, shoots, fungi and leaves. In the winter, reindeer must dig through the snow with their antlers to find food. Although these animals can’t fly, they can reach speeds of up to 50 mph (80 km/h) when running. Reindeer are listed as vulnerable on the IUCN red-list for threatened species, due to a 40 percent decline in population over the past 21 to 27 years. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Great Wildebeest Migration in the new series Nature's Wonders. The great Serengeti wildebeest migration is one of the largest migrations in the world. Each year, thousands of Wildebeest migrate north from the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania to the greener grazing areas of the Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya. The Migration begins in April, as the herds start moving north towards Kenya. Huge columns of Wildebeest up to 40km in length can be seen as the wildebeest funnel up into the central and western Serengeti. But with such a multitude e of animals congregating in one place, its inevitable that it will attract predators. It’s July, and the Wildebeest meet their greatest obstacle yet on this migration, the Crocodile-Infested waters of the Mara River. In order to continue their 1,800 mile long journey, they must first risk their lives and cross these dangerous brown waters. They are weary at first, but as soon as one goes, the rest follow. The crocs go in for the kill, swarming and surrounding the Wildebeest. The ordeal is finally over, but not without the cost of so many lives along the way. (SHOW FOOTAGE OF DEAD ONES AND CROCS EATING) Many of those who aren’t killed by crocs have drowned instead or been trampled in the frenzy. In the struggle for survival, nothing goes to waste. The survivors are rewarded by the green grazing plains of the Serengeti, however the journey is not yet over. In January the herds must return to the Serengeti only to set off once again in April. Thank you for watching Natural World Facts, see you next time! I do not own the footage or music in this video. All credit goes to real owners. No copyright infringement intended. Music: Edge of the world - Jeff Broadbent and: Spirit of Darkness - Music Junkies Footage: BBC Earth/PBS Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next.

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Grey Squirrel in the series Mammals. All footage taken by Leo R. During a visit to London's Holland Park, I encountered Britain's cutest mammal, the Grey Squirrel. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next.

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about Penguins in the series Birds. - Brief Overview: The Galapagos Marine Iguana is a marine reptile native only to the Galapagos Islands. They have a natural ability to swim and move through the water with speed. This reptile can dive down to 30 feet to find food, holding its breath for over an hour. Male Marine Iguanas are larger than the females, and can grow up to 5 ½ feet long. The Galapagos Iguana evolved from its land-based cousin in order to become better suited to a marine lifestyle. As plant life here is rare, this iguana has adapted features such as webbed feet to allow it to forage for food out in the sea. The water is too cold for them to remain in it all the time, so they must bask on the rocks in order to regulate their body temperatures. - Appearance: Galapagos Marine Iguana’s have stocky bodies, a long tail, and webbed toes to propel themselves forward. In the water they are fast and agile but move very clumsily on land. The colouration of this Iguana ranges from black to a light shade of gray. Their darker colours help absorb the heat of the sun when basking. They have short spikes running down their back to deter predators and rivals. - Diet: The Marine Iguana is a herbivore, using its sharp teeth not for tearing meat but for scraping algae and seaweed from the rocks. Their flat snouts enable them to get into cracks and crevasses for algae too. As seaweed is more plentiful in warmer temperatures, this Iguana eats heavily in the spring and summer to store up fat for the winter, when food is scarce. - Habitat: The only location where this Lizard can be found is the Galapagos Islands. They tend to stay close to the shore, foraging for food in shallow waters or basking in the sun on the rocks. - Breeding: Galapagos Marine Iguanas are territorial, and mate during the summer months. The females must lay their eggs in as safe a place as possible, to avoid them being eaten by predators. Once laid, she will be gone. The young must take care of all their own needs from the moment they are born. Males of this species reach sexual maturity at around 6 to 8 years. - Status: The Marine Iguana is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species due to getting tangled up in fishing nets and plastic debris that humans leave along the beach. Luckily, this species is completely protected. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Great Sardine Run in the new series Nature's Wonders. Each year, an incredible natural phenomenon occurs on the coasts of Southern Africa. The greatest fish migration on the planet. From May through July, billions of sardines spawn in the cool waters of the Agulhas Bank and move northwards along the East coast of Southern Africa to the warmer sub-tropical waters of the north-eastern cape, in shoals up to 7 km long. The sardine run is the largest biomass migration in the world, and is even larger than the iconic wildebeest migration. Each year, many predators will congregate for this one event, to feed on the migrating sardines. But not only sharks have shown up, a pod of common dolphins has also arrived for the feast. As the dolphins herd the fish, the threatened sardines group closely together to form a bait ball, minimising their chances of being picked out by predators. These bait balls can be 10-20 metres in diameter, however rarely last longer than ten minutes in this frenzy. Dolphins plough through the bait balls, scattering the fish to be picked out by the sharks. A Brydes Whale joins the feast, engulfing 10,000 sardines in one giant mouthful. Cape Gannets dive bomb the swarming prey, but the sardines resist these attack by staying deep and keeping the school together. However with predators attacking from below and above, the swarms break down into smaller targets and are driven up from the deep into shallower waters, becoming in range of the Gannets. The Gannets then descend upon the fish, plunge diving from considerable heights in order to catch their prey. A Gannet can travel as far as 100 km over the ocean in search of food, and will each year follow this mass migration of sardines along the coastline until almost every last one is eaten. I do not own the footage or music in this video. All credit goes to real owners. No copyright infringement intended. Music: A legacy uncovered - Icon Footage: BBC Earth/PBS Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next.

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This video is all about my brand new pet Black Beauty Stick Insects. The Black Beauty Stick Insect (Peruphasma Schultei) is native only to Peru, and is very common in captivity. They are velvety - black in colour with bright yellow eyes and red wings which are displayed when the stick insect feels threatened. Black Beautys will also spray an irritant chemical from behind the eyes to deter predators. Thank you SO MUCH to Miss Mott, my form tutor, for giving me these amazing insects!!!!! They've laid 3 EGGS ALREADY :) Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next.

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Red Deer in the series Mammals. All footage taken by Leo R. Whilst in Bushy Park, I encountered Britains largest land mammal, the Red Deer. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next.

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about Penguins in the series Birds. - Brief Overview: Penguins are torpedo-shaped, flightless birds that can be found in the southern regions of the Earth. There are around 19 different species of penguin, the smallest of which is the little penguin. These birds grow around 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 centimetres) tall. The largest penguin is the emperor penguin. It can grow to 36 to 44 inches (91 to 111 cm) tall and have a wingspan of 30 inches (76 cm). Emperor penguins live in the coldest climate on earth. Temperatures can drop as low as -95.6 °Celsius (-140°F) on the Antarctic ice. They breed in March and April at the beginning of the Antarctic winter on the ice all around the Antarctic continent. They live in large colonies of up to 20,000 birds. Emperor penguins live for about 20 years, although some have been known to live for 40 years. - Appearance: The shape of a penguin body is perfectly adapted to a life in the sea. They are fat in the middle and narrow at both ends. Their streamlined shape helps them move quickly through the water to catch prey. All species of penguin have black and white patterned feathers, a beak to catch food, and webbed feet to push themselves through the water. - Diet: Penguins are carnivores, meaning they eat only meat. Their diet consists of krill, squid and fish. Some species of penguin can make a large dent in an area's food supply. The emperor penguin can eat as much as six kilograms (thirteen pounds) of food per day. - Habitat: Penguins are marine birds, and spend up to 80 percent of their lives in the ocean. Penguins can be found on every continent in the Southern Hemisphere, in both cold and tropical climates. The Galapagos penguin, for example, lives on tropical islands at the equator. - Breeding: During the breeding season, penguins will come ashore to form huge colonies called rookeries. Most penguins are monogamous. This means that a male and female will continue to mate with each other for most of their lives. Penguins reach sexual maturity at around three to eight years old. Most species breed during the spring and summer. Female emperor penguins will only lay a single egg at a time, where all other species of penguins lay two eggs. The two parents will take turns holding the eggs between their legs for warmth in a nest. After the chicks emerge, the parents will take turns feeding their offspring with regurgitated food. - Status: According to the IUCN red list of threatened species, four penguin species are endangered: northern rockhopper, erect-crested, yellow-eyed, african and Galapagos penguins. Most of the other species of penguins are listed as vulnerable or threatened. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about Animal Migrations. Migration is nearly universal within the animal kingdom; Animals across the globe, from birds and mammals to reptiles and insects, migrate for a whole variety of different reasons. So why do animals migrate? Well, resources on Earth fluctuate and change constantly. Warm summer months may be followed by inhospitable cold. Plants may be in abundance in one place, but only for a short time. The best place to find food may not be a good place to give birth or hatch young. All these changing factors lead to animals needing to move to a better suited environment at different times of the year. The motivations behind migrations are simple. Food, breeding and climate. For humpback whales, the best place to feed isn't the best place to reproduce. During warmer months, these whales feed in nutrient-rich waters where prey is abundant. However, they mate and give birth in warm waters that contain little food. These whales will journey as far as 5,000 miles (8,047 km) to their suitable breeding grounds, meaning they will go without eating throughout the winter. For the Pacific salmon, migration is a vital part of its life. After spending their adult lives in the ocean, these fish journey up against the current of freshwater rivers where they were born to hatch the next generation. Once they have spawned their young, they die. It's a difficult and dangerous task just to reproduce, and only one in a thousand salmon will live to return to the stream where it was hatched. This migration is a vital part of this species life cycle, enabling it to spawn offspring and continue its life cycle. But how do all these animals know where to go? Migrant animals can use the sun and stars, the Earth's magnetic field and their sense of smell to find their way. Some migratory birds navigate using landmarks such as coastlines, mountains or even man-made structures such as motorways! Bird migration is usually a seasonal movement between breeding and wintering grounds. They migrate to move from areas of low or decreasing resources to areas of high or increasing resources, including food and suitable nesting locations. No-where in the world is there a movement of animals as huge as the wildebeest migration. Over two million animals migrate from the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania to the greener grazing areas of the Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya from July to October. The migration can be very dangerous, the wildebeest have to cross the Mara River where crocodiles will prey on them. It shows what risks some animals will take to feed and rear their young. Overall, migrations are usually in response to the changing demands of an animal, wether it be food, breeding grounds or a changing climate. Animals can manage to adapt to certain migrations over generations, and can follow them each year using guides such as the sun, landmarks, and natural instincts. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Common Toad in the series Reptiles and Amphibians. All footage taken by Leo R. Watch the newer Toad video: https://youtu.be/HXjBQH2j9-4 Whilst poking around under logs in Holland Park in London, I stumbled upon another of britains most common amphibians, the Common Toad (Bufo Bufo). In this video, I give you facts, footage and more about this intriguing animal. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next.

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about Gorillas in the series Mammals. - Brief Overview: Gorillas are the worlds largest primate and are native only to Africa. There are two varieties of Gorilla, the mountain Gorilla and the Lowland Gorilla. The mountain gorilla inhabits the mountainous regions of central Africa, while the lowland gorilla lives in the flat, dense forests of central and western Africa. Though they are very similar, they do have a few differences. For example, mountain gorillas tend to have longer hair, whereas lowland gorillas have short, soft hair. Gorillas live in groups called troops or bands. A band of gorillas can have as many as 50 members. They are led by a dominant male, called a silverback, which can be identified by a grey strip of hair on his back. Throughout the day, different activities are designated to different times. Mornings and evenings are feeding time. In the middle of the day, gorillas take a nap, play with other gorillas or groom each other. At night, the gorillas settle down in patches of leaves and twigs to sleep. The average lifespan of a Gorilla is 35 years in the wild and over 50 years in zoos. - Appearance: Mountain gorillas have long black hair and stocky bodies. Lowland gorillas are built similarly but have red patches of fur on their heads and sides as well as thinner black hair than the mountain Gorillas. - Diet: Gorillas are usually herbivores. They consume vegetation such as wild celery, shoots, roots, fruit, tree bark and tree pulp, but they have been known to eat small animals and insects. A male can eat up to 40 lbs (18 kg) of vegetation each day. - Habitat: Mountain gorillas can be found in Rwanda, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on green, volcanic mountains. Lowland gorillas inhabit the forests of central and western Africa in Equatorial Guinea, Angola, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. A group of gorillas can have a territory of up to 16 square miles (41 square kilometers). - Breeding: Like humans, female gorillas have a gestation period of nine months and usually give birth to only one infant at a time. Newborn gorillas weigh about 4 lbs (1.8 kg). Until they reach 2 or 3 years old, young gorillas ride on their mothers' backs as a form of transportation. At around 7 to 10 years, the young gorilla will become mature enough to have its own offspring. At this point, the gorilla will leave its group to find a mate. - Status: The mountain gorilla and Eastern lowland gorilla is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This is due to poaching and habitat loss because of mining and agriculture. It is estimated that there are about 680 mountain gorillas left in two isolated populations. According to the IUCN, the Western lowland gorilla is critically endangered, with a population reduction of more than 80 percent over three generations. It is unknown exactly how many of these gorillas are left in the wild. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Common Frog in the series Reptiles and Amphibians. All footage taken by Leo R. Whilst poking around in my back garden pond, I stumbled upon one of britains most common amphibians, the Common Frog. In this video, I give you facts, footage and more about this intriguing animal. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next.

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about What Is Evolution. How evolution works: Okay, so first of all, what is Evolution? The theory of evolution by natural selection is the process through which organisms change over time as a result of changes in physical or behavioural traits. These changes will allow an organism to adapt better to its environment and thus help it survive and have more offspring.  Natural selection can change a species in very small ways, causing a population to change colour or size over the course of several generations. This is called “microevolution." But natural selection is also capable of a lot more. Given enough time and enough accumulated changes, natural selection can create entirely new species, known as "macroevolution." It was able to turn dinosaurs into birds, amphibious mammals into whales and the ancestors of apes into humans. For example, In "The Origin of Species,” Charles Darwin came up with a theory about how natural selection could cause a land mammal to turn into a whale. Darwin used North American black bears as an example, which were known to catch fish by swimming in the water with their mouths open. The transition of early whales from land to water happened in a series of predictable steps. The evolution of the blowhole, for example, might have happened through random genetic changes that resulted in at least one whale having its nostrils placed farther back on its head. Those animals with this adaptation would have been more suited to a marine lifestyle, as they would not have had to completely surface to breathe. Such individuals would have been more successful and produced more offspring. Other body parts of early whales also changed. Front legs became flippers. Back legs disappeared as they were no longer needed, Their bodies became more streamlined and they developed large tails to propel themselves through water. Darwin also theorised a form of natural selection that depends on an organism's success at attracting a mate, a process known as sexual selection. The brightly coloured plumage of peacocks and the antlers of male deer are both examples of traits that evolved to better their chances of reproducing. The physical and behavioural changes that make natural selection possible happen because of mutations of an animals DNA and genes. Mutations can be caused by random errors in the DNA, or by chemical damage. Mutations are usually harmful or neutral, but sometimes a mutation can be beneficial to the organism and allow it to become better suited to its lifestyle. If so, it will become more successful in the next generation and spread throughout the population. In this way, natural selection is guiding the process of evolution by keeping and preserving the beneficial mutations and rejecting the bad ones through the animals success. But where is the evidence for all this? Although scientists could predict what early whales should look like, they hadn’t found the fossil evidence to back them up. Creationists took this as proof that evolution didn't occur and mocked the idea that there could ever have been a walking whale. But in 1994, palaeontologists found the fossilised remains of ‘Ambulocetus natans', an animal whose name translates as "swimming-walking whale." Its forelimbs had fingers and small hooves but its hind feet were enormous for its size. It was distinctly adapted for swimming, but it was also capable of moving clumsily on land, much like a seal. When it swam, it moved much like an otter, pushing back with its hind feet and rolling its spine and tail side to side. Modern whales move through the water using powerful beats of their horizontal tails, but Ambulocetus had a whip-like tail and used its legs for propulsion through water. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Roe Deer in the series Mammals. All footage taken by Leo R. Whilst on location in Cumbria, I encounter one of Britains shyest mammals. The Roe Deer. In this video, I give you facts, footage and more about this intriguing animal. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next.

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about Slow Worms in the series Reptiles and Amphibians. Watch the newer, updated Slow Worm video here: https://youtu.be/ALMo0oJifSs All footage taken by Leo R. Whilst on location in Cumbria, I encounter one of Britains strangest reptiles. The Slow Worm. In this video, I give you facts, footage and more about this intriguing animal. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next.

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about Sea Turtles in the series Reptiles and Amphibians. - Brief Overview: Turtles are among the oldest groups of reptilians, having evolved millions of years ago. They can be found all over the world and inhabit almost every type of climate. There are seven different species of sea turtle, all of which vary in size and shape. The largest marine turtle is the leatherback. It can grow up to 7 feet (2 meters) long and weighs up to 2,000 lbs. (900 kilograms). The average lifespans of sea turtles can vary from 30 to 100 years, depending on the species. - Appearance: The appearance of marine turtles varies between species. The green sea turtle has a wide, smooth carapace which is brown or olive in colour, depending on its habitat. It is named after the greenish colour of its skin. The leatherback turtle has a rubbery, black shell while all other sea turtles have hard, bony shells. Ridges along its carapace help give it a more streamlined and hydrodynamic structure. Depending on the species, sea turtles colouring can range from olive-green, yellow, greenish-brown, reddish-brown, or black. All species of marine turtles have four flippers to help them swim, unlike tortoises or land turtles which have thick stubby legs for moving on land. - Diet: Sea turtles are omnivores, which means they eat both meat and vegetation, although their diet varies between species. Their diet consists of shrimp, seaweed, crabs, jellyfish, sponges, algae and mollusks. - Habitat: Sea turtles can be found in all the worlds oceans. The Kemp's Ridley turtle usually can be found in the Gulf of Mexico. The Flatback turtle inhabits the ocean around Australia, while the leatherback swims in every ocean on the planet. Green sea turtles and loggerhead turtles tend to stick to tropical and subtropical coastal waters. - Breeding: In the mating season, females and males migrate to the same beach where they were born, using the magnetic fields of the Earth as their guide. The migrations can be over 1,400 miles (2,253 kilometers) long. Sea turtles lay their eggs in clutches of 70 to 190 eggs. Females lay their clutches in holes they have dug in the beach. Once they have laid the eggs, they cover them in sand and return to the sea. Once the eggs hatch, the babies will dig their way out of their hole. Once free, the juveniles hurry to the safety of the sea to avoid being cooked by the sun or eaten by predators. - Status: The Kemp’s Ridley sea turtle is listed as critically endangered on the IUCN red list of threatened species, but the leatherback is listed as vulnerable. Some of the biggest threats to sea turtles include; oil spills, habitat loss (due to coastal development), accidental catching and poaching. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

CHECK OUT FIVE MINUTES: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjLuBE3yzhValzi1N61corQ SYMBIOSIS VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=01mPCuWoXNk Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about Adaptation. Hello and welcome to Natural World Facts, I'm Leo and today i’ll be talking about Adaptation. First of all, what is an Adaptation? Adaptations are the ways in which organisms change over time in response to the changing demands of their environment. Through adaptation, organisms can develop certain physiological, behavioral, and structural traits gradually to better their chances of survival. Adaptations usually develop in response to a change in the organisms habitat. One example of this happening is the English peppered moth. Before the 19th century, the most common variety of this moth was a creamy-colour with dark spots. Only a few peppered moths displayed colouring of grey or black. As the Industrial Revolution drastically changed the environment, the appearance of the peppered moth changed and the darker-coloured moths, which were much rarer than the cream ones, started to thrive in the urban atmosphere. This was because their sooty colour blended in with the trees stained by industrial pollution. Birds couldn’t see the dark moths, so they ate the cream-coloured moths instead, which stood out among the blackened trees. In this example, the moths are adapting their camouflage to blend in with their changing environment in order to be protected from predators. In some cases, an organism can develop a set of adaptations that create an entirely new species. This process is known as speciation. An organism becoming isolated can lead to speciation. The huge variety of marsupials in Oceania is an example of how organisms adapt to an isolated habitat. Marsupials, mammals that carry their young in pouches, arrived in Oceania before the land split with Asia. Placental mammals, animals that carry their young in the mothers womb, dominated every other continent except Oceania, meaning there was no competition for the marsupials. Organisms can sometimes adapt alongside or with other organisms. This is known as coadaptation. Certain flowers have adapted their pollen to attract hummingbirds. The hummingbirds have adapted long, thin beaks to extract the pollen from those flowers. In this relationship, the hummingbird gets food, while the plants pollen is distributed. The coadaptation is beneficial to both organisms, and is also a type of symbiotic relationship called mutualism. Watch my other video on symbiosis here.Mimicry is another example of coadaptation. With mimicry, one organism adapts to resemble another. The harmless milk snake (king snake) has adapted a colour pattern that almost directly resembles the deadly coral snake. This mimicry keeps predators away from the milk snake as they confuse it for the venomous coral snake.The mimic octopus has behavioral as well as structural adaptations. This species of octopus can mimic the look and behavior of other animals such as sea stars, crabs, jellyfish, and shrimp to disguise itself from predators. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about Manta Rays in the series Ocean Life. - Brief Overview: The Manta Ray is the worlds largest species of ray, and is among the largest of all fishes. It can grow 6–9 m wide and weight almost 2 tonnes! Manta Rays are often confused as a type of stingray, but they don’t have venomous barbed tails and are completely harmless. Their natural predators include large sharks and killer whales. - Appearance: They have flat bodies and are grey to black in colour. Their underside is white and they have short tails. They move similarly to birds, by slowly flapping their wings to move themselves forward. They have a distinctive body shape, with triangular pectoral ‘wings’ and paddle-like lobes extending in front of the mouth - Diet: Manta Rays are harmless filter-feeders, feeding on a diet of Krill and Plankton. It has no teeth on its upper jaw as it uses fleshy flaps on each side of its head to direct plankton into its mouth, which is on the underside of its body. Excess water is sieved out through the manta’s gills. - Habitat: The manta ray usually inhabits tropical and subtropical waters around the world, north and south of the Equator. Their flattened body is adapted for life on the sea floor, but the manta prefers open water close to the surface. Mantas are usually solitary, but sometimes form groups when feeding on a zooplankton swarm. They are thought to travel vast distances across the open ocean. They often visit coastal and offshore sites, and are commonly seen around oceanic islands, offshore pinnacles and seamounts. - Breeding: Like sharks, manta rays fertilises their eggs internally. They are ovoviviparous, meaning that the female hatches her eggs internally and then gives birth to live young, called pups. Female Manta Rays usually give birth to one or two pups at a time. At birth, mantas are about 1.2 m wide, and weigh about 45 kg! They spend the first few years of their life in shallow waters before heading further offshore. - Status: The manta ray is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of threatened species. They used to be hunted in Australian waters for their liver oil and skin. Today, it is very rarely hunted, although in some parts of the world its numbers are in decline. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about What Is an Ecosystem. Okay, so first of all. Just what is an Ecosystem? An ecosystem is a complete community of living organisms and the nonliving materials of their surroundings. This includes plants, animals, microorganisms and their environment, such as soil, rocks, and minerals. An Ecosystem also consists of the local atmosphere. Animals and plants within an ecosystem depend on each other for their survival. If conditions change, they need to adapt quickly to survive. Ecosystems can be a variety of different sizes, ranging from an entire rain forest to a small puddle or your garden. Even an animal could be considered an ecosystem, containing many microorganisms. But some of the much larger examples, such as deserts, tundra, coral reefs or forests are called biomes. In each of these, the animals and plant life all depend on each other in different ways. Herbivores rely on the plants (also called producers) as a food source, and carnivorous animals will prey on those herbivores. This is called a food chain, and when all the food chains in an ecosystem are joined up together they form a food web. But what would happen if one species in the food web started to decline? For example, slugs, rabbits and insects all eat grass. If there were fewer slugs there would be more grass for the rabbits and insects. With more food the populations of rabbits and insects would increase. However, the thrushes (which prey on the insects and slugs) would have to eat more insects to compensate for the fewer slugs, so the population of insects could decrease. Every ecosystem consists of some form of food web. So, in a way, ecosystems are basically made up of systems of life. Okay… so what are the components of an ecosystem? There are two different types of components, the Abiotic factors and the Biotic factors. The Abiotic factors are the nonliving components which make up the environment of the ecosystem, such as the amount of sunlight, the temperature, the amount of rainfall or how much moisture there is in the air. The Biotic factors of an ecosystem, on the other hand, are the living features, such as the producers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores and detrivores. These living features are also the main components of a food chain, the producers being the plants at the bottom, being eaten by the herbivores which are then eaten by the carnivores. Ecosystems also go through a number of processes, they have energy flows and cycle materials. The energy is first consumed by the plants through photosynthesis, and is converted to heat energy. The animals in an ecosystem also obtain elements such as carbon, nitrogen, or phosphorus from their environment. All these materials are then excreted or broken down by decomposers from an animals corpse. Decomposers and scavengers break down dead plants and animals and their excrement. Decomposers are very important for all ecosystems. If they didn’t exist, the plants wouldn’t get their essential nutrients, and all the dead matter and waste would pile up and the energy and materials wouldn’t be cycled through the ecosystem. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Bald Eagle in the series Birds. -Brief Overview: Bald eagles are large birds of prey native only to North America. Their wingspan can be about 7 feet (2.13 meters). When flying, the bald eagle very rarely flaps its wings but soars instead with its wings almost completely flat. The average lifespan of a bad eagle is 28 years in the wild and 36 years in captivity. -Appearance: Bald Eagles get their name because of their white heads which make it appear bald from a distance. They have a yellow beak and dark brown feathers on their wings and body. Their talons are yellowy orange. Newborn bald eagles are covered with light grey fluff. -Diet: Bald eagles are carnivores, which means they only eat meat. They prey mainly on fish. They will also eat smaller birds, other bird's eggs and small animals like rabbits, reptiles, amphibians and crabs. They hunt by grabbing their prey with their talons before ripping off chunks of meat with their beak as they don;t have teeth to chew. -Habitat: The bald eagle is found only in North America, and inhabits forests near rivers, lakes, reservoirs, marshes and coasts. They tend to live near water in Canada and Alaska as their main prey item is fish. -Breeding: Bald eagles are monogamous, which means they will continue to mate with the same partner for the rest of their lives. Their mating season is from late September to early April. A bald eagle will find another mate only if their partner dies. They make large nests from sticks, grass, feathers and moss for their eggs. Female bald eagles lay one to three eggs at a time and will incubate them for 34 to 36 days. The young bald eagles spend their first four years exploring and are already able to fly hundreds of miles per day. -Status: The bald eagle almost became extinct due to over-hunting leading to population decline. However, in the 1970s, the bald eagle population started to increase. Today, the bald eagle is listed as least concern on the IUCN red list of threatened species. There are currently more than 10,000 individuals in North America. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about explaining What Is Symbiosis. Join Leo, our presenter, as he tells you all about Symbiosis. What is symbiosis? Okay, so first of all. Just what is symbiosis? Well… symbiosis is relationship where two different species co-exist and at least one derives benefit from the other. The name for an organism with a symbiotic relationship is a symbiont. Two animals of the same species can have symbiotic relationships. What are some examples of symbiotic relationships? Clownfish are a common example of symbiosis. They benefit from an anemone by living inside it and being protected from predators who, if they came too near, would find themselves stung. In return, the anemone benefits from the clownfish, who help increase the oxygen flow by wiggling in and out of the tentacles. This is a mutualism relationship as the two partners rely on each other. Another example is between barnacles and whales. Barnacles rely on currents to bring food past them in order to eat. However, some have attached themselves to the sides of various sea life, such as whales, in order to have a better position for catching food. This is an example of commensalism as the the whale neither benefits nor is harmed by the barnacles. The last type of symbiosis, parasitism, can be portrayed by a cow and a tick. The tick feeds off the cows blood for food and nourishment. The cow, in return, is now more vulnerable to diseases and infection. Only the tick benefits in this parasitic relationship and is also obligate. An obligate relationship means either one or both partners cannot live without the other. In this case, the tick needs the cow for all its needs. What are the different types of Symbiosis? There are multiple different versions of symbiotic relationships in which the two partners are benefitted in different ways. When both partners benefit from their relationship, it is known as mutualism. They rely on each other for food or protection in return for something else. However, sometimes only one of the partners benefit. An example of this is parasitism. The parasite gets nourishment from a host, usually without killing it. Parasites are never beneficial to their host, and unlike in mutualism the host gets nothing in return for the parasite feeding off it. In addition to mutualism and parasitism, there is another variety of symbiosis, called commensalism. Similar to parasitism, in a commensalism relationship only one of the two organisms or species is benefitted, but in this case it manages to do so without causing any harm to the host. Mutualism is different from the other two types of symbiosis, because in this variety both the creatures benefit. Therefore, there is no host, and the partners are equal, however one of them will tend to be more dominant. Most types of mutualism are facultative, meaning that the partners can live apart successfully. Whereas some relationships of mutualism are so close that the interacting species are unable to live without each other. A symbiotic relationship where the partners would be unable to continue living if separated is known as an obligate relationship. In commensalism or parasitism, the relationship is usually obligate for the parasite, since they depend on the host for almost all their needs. At the same time the host is in a facultative relationship because it does not need the parasite and would be better off without it. One variety of commensalism is inquilinism, in which the commensal species makes use of the host's nest or habitat, without inconveniencing the host. Lets say theres a bird nesting in a tree in your garden. Suppose you benefit from the bird, through enjoying its song or its colours. This relationship could be an example of mutualism as the bird also benefits by using your garden (or your habitat) as a place of shelter. The bird example is also a case of inquilinism; as it is using your garden non-intrusively and is not inconveniencing you, the host. However, if the bird had been inconveniencing you, by either flying into your house and stealing food or just leaving their bird droppings on the carpet, it would be very similar to parasitism where the bird is taking advantage of you by stealing your food whilst also inconveniencing you by leaving your carpet bleached white with feaces. Inquilinism is sort of a cross between commensalism and parasitism. There are cases of a creature using another's habitat in a parasitic way. Such the European cuckoo, which leaves its offspring in the nests of other birds to be raised by them. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Rhinoceros in the series Mammals. Join Leo, our presenter, as he tells you all about the Rhinoceros and it's appearance, diet, habitat, breeding facts and conservation status. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Brief Overview: The Rhinoceros is a large, herbivorous mammal. Their name comes from the Greek words "rhino" (nose) and "ceros" (horn). Rhinos spend their days and nights grazing and only sleep during the hottest parts of the day. Though rhinos are usually solitary, they sometimes form groups called crashes, these groups are made up of one dominant male, a female and her offspring. The dominant male rules over an area of land. The male will allow some sub-dominate males to live on his territory. The females will roam freely around several different territories. The average lifespan of a rhino is 45 years. Appearance: All rhino species have a long pointed horn on their snout. Their bodies are short and stocky and they hang low above the ground. Their colouring can range from yellowish brown to grey. Diet: Rhinoceroses are herbivores, which means they only eat vegetation. The type of vegetation they eat varies by species. This is due to the fact their snouts are different shapes. The black rhino has long lips to allow it to pick leaves and fruit from high up. The white rhino has a flat-shaped snout that allows it to graze on the ground. Habitat: White rhinos and black rhinos inhabit in the grasslands and floodplains of eastern and southern Africa. Greater one-horned rhinos can be found in the swamps and rain forests of northern India and southern Nepal. Sumatran and Javan rhinos are found only in small areas of Malaysian and Indonesian swamps and rain forests. Breeding: Every two and a half to five years, a female rhino will reproduce. Female rhinos have a gestation period of around 15 to 16 months. They usually only have one calf at a time, though they can have twins. At birth, baby rhinos can weigh up to 88 to 140 pounds (40 to 64 kg). At around 3 years old, the calf will be mature enough to set out on its own. Status: According to the IUCN red list of threatened species, most species of rhino are listed as critically endangered with fewer than 100 sumatran rhinos left in the wild. It is estimated that there were 500,000 rhinos across Africa and Asia at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, there are 29,000 rhinos in the wild. Poaching and loss of habitat have put all rhino species in danger of extinction. The Rhinoceroses horns are often used in folk medicine for their supposed healing properties, leading to rhinos being hunted nearly to extinction. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. http://naturalworldfactssite.weebly.com/ http://twitter.com/naturalwfacts

0:00 How to Care for Goldfish 0:18 How To Prepare the Tank for Goldfish 1:16 How To Buy your Goldfish 1:48 How To Introduce your Fish to the Tank 2:10 How To Clean Out your Tank 2:58 How To Feed and Care For your Fish -Preparing the tank: A small tank is good for beginners, but a larger tank is better for keeping more or larger fish. You must treat the water for your tank with AquaSafe (or similar brands) to neutralise harmful chemicals, and help clean the water to make it healthier for your fish. A pump/filter is compulsory for any tank as it air-rates the water and filters out any algae. Plants also help to oxygenate the water. -Buying your goldfish: Goldfish come in two groups, long bodied and short bodied. You must not mix these two groups as the long bodied ones are faster, so get to the food before the short bodied ones (which are fatter and slower). There should be one goldfish in your tank for every 10 or 20 litres. -Introducing the goldfish to your tank: When introducing your goldfish, DO NOT place the fish in your tank directly. Instead, rest the bag on the surface of the water for up to 20 minutes to allow the temperature of the water in the tank and in the bag to equalise. Once twenty minutes are up, you can gently release your goldfish into the tank. It is important to only introduce one goldfish at a time to your tank. You can also quarantine any new fish before placing them in your tank. -Cleaning out the tank: It is very important to clean out your goldfish tank regularly. You can do this be frequently cleaning the sides of the tank to avoid any algae from settling. However, every two weeks you must replace twenty% of the water with fresh water: •Syphon out 20% of the water. •Remove the pump or filter and thoroughly clean out any algae + replace the filter pads. •Fill up a large container with water •Treat the water with the appropriate amount of AquaSafe (or similar brands). Use 5ml for every 10 litres. •Slowly pour the treated water into the tank to avoid startling the fish. (Repeat until the tank is full). •Place the newly cleaned pump/filter back in the tank. THERE IS NO NEED TO REMOVE THE GOLDFISH FROM THE TANK WHILST YOU DO THIS! -Feeding your fish: You can feed your fish many different food items, from granules to live shrimps. I would personally recommend any sort of flakes to enhance the health, colour and vitality of your goldfish. Thank you for watching Natural World Facts http://naturalworldfactssite.weebly.com/ http://twitter.com/naturalwfacts Thanks for watching, comment rate and subscribe!!

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Whale Shark in the series Ocean Life. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: The whale shark is the largest species of fish. Despite their size, Whale Sharks are filter feeders and prey on a diet of Plankton, Krill, Algae and Plankton. They migrate towards the central western coast of Australia every spring to congregate for their breeding season. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Killer Whale in the series Mammals. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: The Killer Whale is the largest member of the dolphin family, they prey on a diet of fish, seals and even large marine mammals such as whales! When hunting, they sometimes beach themselves on land in order to catch prey. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

On Ilkley moor in Yorkshire, lies a huge pair of rocks called the cow and calf. In this video, I trek to and explore these amazing structures. leave a like and subscribe. Don't forget to leave a suggestion in the comments section for what you want to see a video on next. http://naturalworldfactssite.weebly.com/ http://twitter.com/naturalwfacts

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Polar Bear in the series Mammals. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: The Polar Bear is the largest species of bear. Polar bears have white fur for camouflage, large thick heads and thick padded legs for insulation. Beneath their fur, the polar bears skin is black to help absorb the heat of the sun. Their thick coats also help to keep them warm. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Filmed last year whilst on holiday in Tuscany. I was tipped off by someone about some derelict abandoned house and I decided to go on a trek to find it. Follow me on my quest to find the abandoned house. Sorry the video might be a bit shaky, but it was all filmed by me (Which explains a lot) so I hope you enjoy. It's a bit of a different video to normal, so I hope you enjoy and leave a like if you enjoyed and want to see some more similar videos in the future. More from my trip to Italy 2015: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lj5c6c4BWg4&list=PLKzq2xKdfIosVsGad0U0pUWItvv6qEUlb leave a like and subscribe. Don't forget to leave a suggestion in the comments section for what you want to see a video on next. http://naturalworldfactssite.weebly.com/ http://twitter.com/naturalwfacts

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Python in the series Reptiles and Amphibians. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: Pythons are non-venomous snakes found in Asia, Africa, and Australia. The Python family contains some of the largest snakes in the world. Because they are so bulky, Pythons move by scooting forwards in a straight line. They are closely related to the Boas, the other family of large constricting snakes. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Ostrich in the series Birds. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: Ostriches are the worlds largest species of bird. They are flightless, and are closely related to the Emu and the Cassowary. The Ostrich is the only species of bird with two toes on each foot, all other species of bird have 3 or 4 toes. They can run up to speeds of 65 km an hour (40 mph). The average lifespan of an Ostrich is 50-75 years. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Komodo Dragon in the series Reptiles and Amphibians. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: The Komodo Dragon is the worlds largest species of lizard. They are native to Indonesia, and can only be found in the wild within Komodo National Park. They can live for more than 30 years. They prey on a diet of large Water Buffalo, Deer, Pigs, Carrion and even have been known to eat humans. They can also be cannibals. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

The Elephant is the worlds largest living land animals. There are two different species of Elephant, the African Elephant and the Asian Elephant. The African Elephant is the largest of the two species. They can weigh up to 5000 - 15000 pounds (2,268 - 6,350kg). A group of Elephants is called a herd, which is led by a Matriarch (the oldest female in the group). Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Elephant in the series Mammals. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Cheetah in the series Mammals. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: The Cheetah is the fastest land animal. They can go from 0-60 miles an hour in under 3 seconds. Their top speed is 70 miles per hour and their average lifespan is 10-12 years, Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Blue Whale in the series Ocean Life. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: The Blue Whale is the largest animal ever to have lived on the Earth. They can grow to reach over 30 metres (100 ft) in length and more than 200 tonnes in weight. Their tongue alone can weigh as much as an Elephant and their hearts as much as a car. Somehow, these giants reach their huge sizes by feasting on a diet of purely Krill. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the capybara in the series Rodents. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: The Capybara is the worlds largest species of rodent. They are large semi-aquatic rodents native to Southern Central America. They can grow to be 130cm (4 ft) in length. They are very social animals and live in small family groups of around 10-20 members. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Song Thrush in the series Birds. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: The Song Thrush is a small songbird commonly found in parks, gardens, woodland and scrub. They have a wingspan of 34 cm. Song Thrushes do not fly in flocks as they are usually solitary. They are omnivores, and feast on a diet of worms, insects and fruit. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Peregrine Falcon in the series Birds. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: The Peregrine Falcon is the worlds fastest species of bird. It can reach speeds of up to 322 kilometres per hour. It is a very widespread animal, and is native to most of Europe and America. Their average wingspan is around 74-120 cm. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Great White Shark in the series Ocean Life. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: The Great White Shark is the worlds largest predatory fish. They can grow to weigh up to 5000 pounds. Their mouths packs a jaw full of over 300 serrated triangular teeth. Their prey items include species of seal, sea lions, turtles, small-toothed whales and carrion. Then they hunt, they breach out of the water completely. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Crocodile in the series Reptiles and Amphibians. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: Crocodiles are large reptiles found in the tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Australia and the Americas. They belong to the order 'crocodillia', which also includes the Caimans, Gharials and Alligators. There are 13 different species of crocodile, all of which are different sizes. The smallest of which is the Dwarf Crocodile. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Please comment, rate and subscribe if you love nature! http://naturalworldfactssite.weebly.com/ http://twitter.com/naturalwfacts

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Harvest Mouse in the series Rodents. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: The Harvest Mouse (Micromus Minutes) is the smallest species of British rodent. They can be found all across Europe, except in parts of Scandinavia. But they can mainly be seen in Yorkshire and Wales. They inhabit large hedgerows, reed beds and other areas of tall and dense vegetation. They are crepuscular, which means they are active during both day and night. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Whale Shark in the series Ocean Life. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. CHAPTERS IN THIS VIDEO: Blackbird Brief Overview - 0:15 Blackbird Appearance - 0:31 Blackbird Diet - 0:51 Blackbird Birdsong - 1:02 Blackbird Nesting - 1:10 Blackbird Eggs - 1:31 Blackbird Migration 2:10 Blackbird Anatomy 2:20 Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about Green Anaconda in the series Reptiles and Amphibians. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: The Green Anaconda is a member of the boa family. They are native to South America and are the largest species of snake in the world. They can grow to reach more than 29 ft (8.8 m) in length. They can weigh more than 550 pounds (227 kg). The average weight of a man is only between 76 and 83 kg. This means that anacondas can grow to be nearly twice the weight of an average human. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

CHAPTERS: How To clean out your Gerbils 0:22 How To set up your Gerbils cage 3:09 Gerbil Diet (how to feed them) 3:33 How To play with Gerbils 4:17 How To tame and train your Gerbils 5:11 - Please comment, rate and subscribe if you love nature! http://naturalworldfactssite.weebly.com/ http://twitter.com/naturalwfacts

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Crested Gecko in the series Reptiles and Amphibians. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: The Crested Gecko was once thought to have been extinct, but with the right care, it was bought back to survival. The Crested Gecko is also known as the eyelash gecko. It is native to New Caledonia. This species was once listed as extinct on the IUCN red list of threatened species. But it was rediscovered in 1994. As soon as it was rediscovered, the international trade of wild flora and fauna protected it. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Watch the new version of this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkERbjVbkLE In this How To video, Leo discusses and demonstrates How To, How To: Prepare the tank for goldfish: 0:19 How To: Clean out your tank: 2:32 How To: Introduce your fish to the tank: 2:51 How To: Feed and care for your fish: 3:39 http://naturalworldfactssite.weebly.com/ http://twitter.com/naturalwfacts Thanks for watching, comment rate and subscribe!!

Leo gets up close and personal with some adorable cute squirrels. Squirrel picture and video slideshow with music He feeds some adorable squirrels! -Please comment, rate and subscribe if you love nature! http://naturalworldfactssite.weebly.com/ http://twitter.com/naturalwfacts

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Grey Squirrel in the series Rodents. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: The Grey Squirrel is thought to have been brought over from America, and is putting the local Red Squirrels under threat by taking all their food. They feed on acorns, chestnuts and other plants seeds. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Adder in the series Reptiles and Amphibians. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. QUICK FACTS: The Adder (Vipera Berus) is the most venomous snake of British grasslands. They prey on small mammals and rodents. They usually hunt at dusk and bask during the day. The male Adders are black in colour where the females are brown. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX

Welcome to another episode of Natural World Facts! This fact file is all about the Hermit Crab in the series Ocean Life. Natural World Facts is a channel dedicated to bringing you fascinating facts about our natural world, and the wonderful animals that we share it with. Subscribe for more videos! Leave a suggestion in the comments for what animal you would like to learn about next. OUR WEBSITE: http://goo.gl/Ngj5V6 TWITTER: http://goo.gl/U4T8JX