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How balanced is your news diet? Go to https://ground.news/wendover to get 40% off the Ground News Vantage to discover stories you might be missing and see how your reading stats change over time Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Max Moser Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References [1] https://www.drewry.co.uk/supply-chain-advisors/supply-chain-expertise/world-container-index-assessed-by-drewry [2] https://www.civilbeat.org/2024/09/heres-another-tool-to-address-hawaiis-cost-of-living-crisis/ [3] https://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/op/spb/INCREASED_FOOD_SECURITY_AND_FOOD_SELF_SUFFICIENCY_STRATEGY.pdf [4] https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/home/centerx:-156.9/centery:23.2/zoom:7 [5] https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/29254306/massive-crane-could-provide-lifeline-to-hawaii-if-disaster-strikes/ [6] https://youtu.be/abUCdHAaQJk?si=kTL8g9LqHZAOKmBs&t=975

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How balanced is your news diet? Go to https://ground.news/wendover to get 40% off the Ground News Vantage to discover stories you might be missing and see how your reading stats change over time Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Max Moser Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References [1] https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/10/28/in-u-s-far-more-support-than-oppose-separation-of-church-and-state/ [2] https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2018/05/22/urban-suburban-and-rural-residents-views-on-key-social-and-political-issues/ [3] https://www.ncsl.org/immigration/states-offering-drivers-licenses-to-immigrants [4] https://www.sltrib.com/news/2022/08/23/andy-larsen-what-issues-do/ [5] https://rsc.byu.edu/far-away-west/john-c-fremonts-1843-44-western-expedition-its-influence-mormon-settlement-utah#_note-19 [6] https://rsc.byu.edu/salt-lake-city-place-which-god-prepared/salt-lake-city-1 [7] https://www.epfl.ch/labs/lasur/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/JACKSON.pdf

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To try everything Brilliant has to offer—free—for a full 30 days, visit http://brilliant.org/wendover The first 200 of you will get 20% off Brilliant's annual premium subscription Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Max Moser Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References [1] https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/77120 [2] https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-blockade-on-qatar-helped-strengthen-its-economy-paving-the-way-to-stronger-regional-integration/ [3] https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68091659 [4] https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/12/11/the-pitiful-endgame-of-saudi-arabias-qatar-blockade/ [5] https://fanack.com/gulf-cooperation-council/blockade-of-qatar-2017-2021/ [6] https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/how-qatar-became-the-worlds-go-to-hostage-negotiator [7] https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/gaza-diplomacy-cements-qatars-global-mediator-role-29e0ffb7 [8] https://theconversation.com/gaza-war-how-qatar-used-its-business-connections-to-become-a-leading-mediator-in-the-middle-east-218461 [9] https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/1048298/Kamrava-Qatari%20Foreign%20Policy%20and%20the%20Exercise%20of%20Subtle%20Power.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y

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Compare news coverage. Spot media bias. Avoid algorithms. Try Ground News today and get 40% off your subscription by going to https://ground.news/wendover Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Max Moser Sound by Manni Simon Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References [1] https://www.piercemfg.com/pierce/press-release/pierce-manufacturing-introduces-new-ultra-highrise-pumper-at-china-fire-2019 [2] https://youtu.be/6LVuuCc5XZs?si=GSFYzqPshReS2461&t=246 [3] https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf [4] https://www.firerescue1.com/fire-attack/articles/fire-tactic-offensive-vs-defensive-fire-attack-Z1Vn8eQY9zr1yTGu/ [5] https://www.firefighternation.com/firerescue/dry-wet-hoseline-stretches/?_ga=2.241932480.317792057.1704724647-484687679.1704462003&_gl=1%2A1fnp3bm%2A_ga%2ANDg0Njg3Njc5LjE3MDQ0NjIwMDM.%2A_ga_0ZX5H1R1KT%2AMTcwNDcyNDY0Ny4yLjAuMTcwNDcyNDY0Ny4wLjAuMA [6] https://www.firehouse.com/operations-training/article/21204705/fire-studies-defensive-and-transitional-modes-of-fire-attack [7] https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/07/08/nyregion/bronx-fire-nyc.html

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Get a lifetime of Nebula or 40% off an annual subscription at http://nebula.tv/wendover Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Max Moser Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Select visuals courtesy the Boston Globe References [1] https://transitapp.com/apta [2] https://www.massdottracker.com/wp/divisions/mbta/mbta-budget-capital-performance/#:~:text=This%20measures%20how%20much%20of,in%20FY19%20before%20the%20pandemic [3] https://cdn.mbta.com/sites/default/files/2023-06/FY24%20Itemized%20Budget.pdf [4] https://news.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/born_broke.pdf [5] https://www.mbta.com/leadership/mbta-board-directors [6] https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/2022-08/FTA-Safety-Management-Inspection-Report-for-MBTA-and-DPU_0.pdf

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Get four bonus months when purchasing a two year NordVPN plan by signing up at http://NordVPN.com/Wendover Watch Jet Lag: The Game at http://youtube.com/jetlagthegame Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References [1] https://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/covid-19-school-closures-fueled-big-learning-losses-especially-disadvantaged [2] https://works.swarthmore.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2156&context=fac-psychology [3] https://www.mcgill.ca/mpcl/files/mpcl/soroka_2015_politcomm.pdf [4] https://www.pnas.org/doi/epdf/10.1073/pnas.1908369116 [5] https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.dartmouth.edu/dist/4/2318/files/2021/03/Why-Is-All-Covid-News-Bad-News-3_22_21.pdf [6] https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/why-is-there-no-good-news/ [7] https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1908369116 [8] https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1150193?src=recsys

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To try everything Brilliant has to offer—free—for a full 30 days, visit http://brilliant.org/wendover Watch Jet Lag: The Game at http://youtube.com/jetlagthegame Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References [1] https://theaircurrent.com/airlines/southwest-airlines-anatomy-it-meltdown/ [2] https://www.reuters.com/world/us/travel-insanity-us-passengers-stranded-by-winter-storm-2022-12-26/ [3] https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/travel/southwest-airlines-flight-cancellations.html [4] https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2022-12-28/southwests-meltdown-was-born-in-americas-cheapskate-corporate-culture [5] https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/12/28/southwest-holiday-cancellations-investors-customers/ [6] https://www.ge.com/digital/sites/default/files/download_assets/network-operations-by-ge-digital-brochure.PDF [7] https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2022-12-27/southwest-airlines-struggles-normalize-stricken-ops?amp [8] https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/3792790-this-isnt-southwest-airlines-first-meltdown-and-it-might-not-be-the-last/ [9] https://theaircurrent.com/airlines/southwest-airlines-anatomy-it-meltdown/ [10] https://www.wtsp.com/article/travel/southwest-flight-status-customer-service-winter-storm/67-478de319-960f-47ad-9b1d-1822e6cdc7b9

Buy your custom domain or email for 10% off at http://Hover.com/wendover Watch Jet Lag: The Game at http://youtube.com/jetlagthegame Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References [1] https://www.fourseasons.com/serengeti/dining/restaurants/boma_grill/boma_grill_dinner/ [2] https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45615 [3] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320706003831?casa_token=hnQbSXBOfpsAAAAA:nue4yGrcdnUH5DjrMrNAEerZuoAmm8ZGYKD4BKL_e-rLDhLactiNc3crM8b0otqdCr8vW6kb [4] https://www.tawa.go.tz/storage/app/uploads/public/631/705/790/631705790f07b190667863.pdf [5] https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/sustainability/sustainability-14-01288/article_deploy/sustainability-14-01288-v2.pdf?version=1643334229 [6] https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/trophy-hunting-killing-saving-animals [7] https://africageographic.com/stories/trophy-hunting-africa-decline-no-longer-pays-way/ [8] https://friendsofanimals.org/jeers-to-tanzania-for-wooing-u-s-trophy-hunters/

Sign up for Morning Brew's free daily newsletter: https://morningbrewdaily.com/wendover Watch Jet Lag: The Game at http://youtube.com/jetlagthegame Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Historic US rail map data courtesy Bygone Maps, LLC and licensed under CC-BY-SA (historic rail graphics correspondently avaliable under a CC-BY-SA license) References [1] https://homesignalblog.wordpress.com/2021/12/27/efficiency-and-the-decline-of-american-freight-railroads/ [2] https://wx4.org/to/foam/maps/2Wx4/001/1905-05ColoradoMidland_PTT.pdf [3] https://wx4.org/to/foam/maps/2Wx4/001/1909ca_SP-SRR-A%26WP-L%26N_WashingtonSunsetRoute.pdf [4] https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/28-class-i-operating-ratios-reach-new-lows-in-2019/ [5] https://www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/class-i-operating-ratios-reach-another-new-low-despite-pandemic/ [6] https://www.oig.dot.gov/sites/default/files/Amtrak_Root_Causes_Final_Report_9_8_08_with_508_charts.pdf [7] https://media.amtrak.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Host-Railroad-Report-Card-2021-Final-v2.pdf [8] https://www.freightwaves.com/news/economics/flashback-friday-interstate-commerce-commission-1-2 [9] https://www.freightwaves.com/news/freightwaves-classicsleaders-jp-morgan-greatly-influenced-us-railroads-in-the-late-19th-century [10] https://www.enotrans.org/article/amtrak-at-50-the-rail-passenger-service-act-of-1970/ [11] https://transportgeography.org/contents/applications/rail-deregulation-united-states/

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For 60% off with HelloFresh plus FREE shipping, use code WENDOVER60 at HelloFresh.com Watch Jet Lag: The Game at http://youtube.com/jetlagthegame Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References [1] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC?most_recent_value_desc=true [2] https://www.iea.org/countries/united-states; https://www.iea.org/regions/europe; https://www.iea.org/countries/china [3] https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-what-does-chinas-coal-push-mean-for-its-climate-goals/ [4] https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/S2377740018500112 [5] https://unfccc.int/news/china-meets-2020-carbon-target-three-years-ahead-of-schedule [6] https://a9w7k6q9.stackpathcdn.com/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/OEF-131.pdf [7] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-06/china-s-renewable-energy-fleet-is-growing-too-fast-for-its-grid-l425v47z [8] https://chinadialogue.net/en/energy/untangling-the-crossed-wires-of-chinas-super-grid/?amp

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Buy your custom domain or email for 10% off at http://Hover.com/wendover Watch Jet Lag: The Game at http://youtube.com/jetlagthegame Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References [1] https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/files/docs/historical/nmc/nmc_491_1910.pdf [2] https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/western-union-company-generations-transferring-cash-sweta-chaturvedi/ [3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1yjHtAi1ig [4] https://youtu.be/gd8B-zrMSYk

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Get a year of both CuriosityStream and Nebula for just $14.79 at http://CuriosityStream.com/wendover Watch Jet Lag: The Game at http://youtube.com/jetlagthegame Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References [1] https://www.weather.gov/rev/upperair  [2] https://www.weather.gov/upperair/factsheet  [3] https://www.weather.gov/iwx/wsr_88d  [4] https://www.roc.noaa.gov/WSR88D/PublicDocs/CONUScoverageNspgsW_TJUA.pdf  [5] https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/hydr/21/8/jhmD190300.xml  [6] https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov  [7] https://w1.weather.gov/xml/current_obs/  [8] https://www.weather.gov/media/emwin/EMWIN_Text_Product_Catalog_220214-1357.pdf [9] https://www.weather.gov/media/emwin/EMWIN_Image_and_Text_Data_Capture_Catalog_v1.3h.pdf [10] https://www.weather.gov/nwr/

Sign up for the stock footage provider that we use: http://storyblocks.com/wendover Watch Jet Lag: The Game at http://youtube.com/jetlagthegame Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References [1] https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/25/science/the-group-and-the-self-new-focus-on-a-cultural-rift.html  [2] https://www.afr.com/politics/they-didnt-know-the-gun-was-loaded-19880314-k2p1b  [3] https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/injuryprev/2/4/253.full.pdf [4] https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/jan/01/john-howard-port-arthur-gun-control-1996-cabinet-papers [5] https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/CIB/cib9596/96cib16 [6] https://www.anao.gov.au/sites/default/files/anao_report_1997-98_36.pdf?acsf_files_redirect [7] https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compareyears/10/rate_of_all_gun_deaths_per_100_000_people  [8] https://www.gunpolicy.org/documents/7370-australian-firearm-regulation-at-25-successes-ongoing-challenges-and-lessons-for-the-world/file [9] https://www.gunpolicy.org/documents/7370-australian-firearm-regulation-at-25-successes-ongoing-challenges-and-lessons-for-the-world/file [10] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323736413_Fatal_Firearm_Incidents_Before_and_After_Australia%27s_1996_National_Firearms_Agreement_Banning_Semiautomatic_Rifles [11] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27332876/

Sign up for the Nebula/CuriosityStream bundle deal for only $14.79 a year here: http://CuriosityStream.com/Wendover Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References [1] https://www.hawkmountain.org/news/special-projects/help-the-climate-and-the-mountain [2] https://www.bluesource.com/demo/hawk-mountain/  [3] https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidrvetter/2020/03/18/jpmorgan-chase-tops-dirty-list-of-35-fossil-fuel-funding-banks/?sh=57850e165dfe [4] https://www.jpmorganchase.com/content/dam/jpmc/jpmorgan-chase-and-co/documents/jpmc-cr-esg-report-2019.pdf [5] https://gspp.berkeley.edu/assets/uploads/research/pdf/Haya-ER09-001-Measuring_emissions_against_an_alternative_future.pdf [6] https://web.archive.org/web/20211102043731/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/204717/9789241565233_eng.pdf;jsessionid=84BFF76A06408DC1638440E76A746C3D?sequence=1  [7] https://eco-act.com/carbon-credits/cleaner-cookstoves-low-carbon-economy/  [8] https://depts.washington.edu/airqual/Marshall_66.pdf  [9] https://blogs.worldbank.org/energy/understanding-cookstove-and-fuel-stacking-achieve-sdg7  [10] https://mediamanager.sei.org/documents/Publications/Climate/sei-wp-2013-01-cookstoves-carbon-markets.pdf  [11] https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsfs.2019.0065 [12] https://app.hubspot.com/documents/3298623/view/251152947?accessId=fd91dd

The new channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxkM67T_Iele-mRVUiBkRqg?sub_confirmation=1 Its first video: https://youtu.be/oZSUxdzgA08

Get a 30-day free trial of Audible Premium Plus by signing up at http://Audible.com/Wendover Thanks to LMG Vids for licensing us their Rise of the Resistance Ride footage: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLFgO1aEI66fh06p6u6-juw Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster

Sign up for Nebula Classes for 20% off at http://NebulaClasses.com/wendover Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References [1] https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo/data/browser/#/?v=6&f=M&s=0&start=200201&end=202312&map=&linechart=~PASC_OECD_T3&ctype=linechart&maptype=0  [2] https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2022/mar/10/facebook-posts/yes-oil-companies-are-reporting-record-breaking-pr/ [3] https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/global-investments-in-oil-and-gas-upstream-in-nominal-terms-and-percentage-change-from-previous-year-2010-2020 [4] https://www.statista.com/statistics/1212157/capital-expenditure-of-exxon-mobil [5] https://www.statista.com/statistics/561591/bp-capital-expenditure/ [6] https://www.statista.com/statistics/561546/shell-capital-expenditure/ [7] https://www.statista.com/statistics/1212180/capital-expenditure-of-chevron-corporation/ [8] https://www.rystadenergy.com/newsevents/news/press-releases/shale-getting-stingy-reinvestment-rates-in-the-US-hit-historic-lows-in-Q3-shaping-record-free-cash-flow/ [9] https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2022/01/oil-prices-clean-energy-investments/621161/ [10] https://novelinvestor.com/sector-performance/ [11] https://www.statista.com/statistics/580711/sandp-500-returns-by-sector/ [12] https://finance.yahoo.com/news/the-real-reason-gas-prices-are-so-high-163554412.html [13] The Quest: Energy, Security, and the Remaking of the Modern World - Daniel Yergin

Sign up for the Nebula/CuriosityStream bundle deal for only $14.79 a year here: http://CuriosityStream.com/Wendover Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References [1] This is How They Tell Me the World Ends - Nicole Perlroth [2] Countdown to Zero Day - Kim Zetter [3] https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/gov2010-46.pdf [4] https://courses.cs.duke.edu/spring20/compsci342/netid/readings/cyber/stuxnet-ieee-spectrum.pdf [5] https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/11/evasive-code-signed-malware-flourished-before-stuxnet-and-still-does/ [6] https://verveindustrial.com/resources/blog/what-is-stuxnet/#:~:text=Its%20objective%20was%20to%20stealthily,the%209%2C000%20centrifuges%20in%20Natanz [7] https://mwi.usma.edu/stuxnet-digital-staff-ride/

Sign up for the stock footage provider that we use: http://storyblocks.com/wendover Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References [1] https://www.bancroftiowa.com/index.asp?SEC=63D4BC80-6900-4A7F-A5C0-92A39E566074 [2] https://www.nass.usda.gov/Quick_Stats/Ag_Overview/stateOverview.php?state=IOWA [3] https://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/news/timeless/YieldTrends.html [4] https://www.krugerseed.com/en-us/products/corn.html#view=national&zipcode=50511 [5] https://www.federalhybrids.com/products/corn/ [6] http://www.croptesting.iastate.edu/Corn/Docs/2021_ISU_corn_final_report.pdf [7] https://www.macrotrends.net/2532/corn-prices-historical-chart-data [8] https://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/crops/pdf/a1-20.pdf [9] https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/blog/aaron-saeugling-kristina-tebockhorst-mark-hanna-ryan-w-bergman-shawn-shouse/combine-adjustments [10] https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.agricharts.com/sites/211/SLC%20Grain%20Policies%209-12-21.pdf

Use code WENDOVER16 for up to 16 FREE MEALS + 3 Surprise Gifts across 6 HelloFresh boxes plus free shipping at https://bit.ly/3ekejvZ Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster

Sign up for the CuriosityStream/Nebula bundle deal for only $14.79 a year at http://CuriosityStream.com/Wendover Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster

Sign up for the stock footage provider that we use: http://storyblocks.com/wendover Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation led by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References [1] https://www.sltrib.com/artsliving/2020/04/05/david-ross-scheer-why-do/?fbclid=IwAR0ZjsIiK-aAvJqlI9xZiwE0hqyKG1dp4iHAMArWxXFEYtGtvja975ih0OI [2] https://marker.medium.com/why-everywhere-looks-the-same-248940f12c4 [3] https://www.bbsr.bund.de/BBSR/EN/publications/IzR/2010/Download/DL_KnoxPain.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1 [4] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-02-13/why-america-s-new-apartment-buildings-all-look-the-same

Sign up for the Nebula/CuriosityStream bundle deal for less than $15 a year: http://CuriosityStream.com/Wendover Watch our new feature-length documentary--the Colorado Problem: https://nebula.app/videos/wendover-the-colorado-problem-a-river-in-the-red Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster

Sign up for a CuriosityStream subscription and also get a free Nebula subscription (the streaming platform built by creators) here: http://CuriosityStream.com/wendover Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster [1] https://academo.org/demos/wavelength-to-colour-relationship/ [2] https://www.tutorialspoint.com/digital_communication/images/bspk_modulated_output_wave.jpg [3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mfSWO3TpGq4 [4] https://wireless.fcc.gov/auctions/data/maps/CMA.pdf

Use code WENDOVER16 for up to 16 FREE MEALS + 3 Surprise Gifts across 6 HelloFresh boxes plus free shipping at https://bit.ly/3ekejvZ Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster [1] https://lighthouse.mq.edu.au/article/july-2020/please-explain-how-lithium-became-a-rock-star [2] https://www.forbes.com/sites/rrapier/2020/12/13/the-worlds-top-lithium-producers/?sh=378a13bb5bc6 [3] https://www.statista.com/statistics/235323/lithium-batteries-top-manufacturers/ [4] https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/energy-transition/121421-commodities-2022-global-lithium-market-to-remain-tight-into-2022 [5] https://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/cobalt [6] https://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/nickel [7] https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lithium.pdf [8] https://eplanning.blm.gov/public_projects/1503166/200352542/20030633/250036832/Thacker%20Pass_FEIS_Chapters1-6_508.pdf#page=57 [9] https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/06/business/lithium-mining-race.html [10] http://gbrw.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Thacker-Pass-PR-final.pdf [11] https://www.sierranevadaally.org/2021/05/20/people-of-red-mountain-statement-of-opposition-to-lithium-nevada-corps-proposed-thacker-pass-open-pit-lithium-mine/ [12] https://thisisreno.com/2021/11/judge-says-no-evidence-of-massacre-at-proposed-mine-site-tribes-say-otherwise/ [13] https://www.statista.com/statistics/264928/cobalt-mine-production-by-country/ [14] https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/metals/022421-uk-cobalt-free-solid-state-battery-technology-claims-major-cost-efficiencies [15] https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2021-11-15/drilling-for-white-gold-is-happening-right-now-at-the-salton-sea

Sign up for Morning Brew's free daily newsletter: https://bit.ly/mbwendover3 Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Tristan Purdy and Christine Benedetti Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster

Sign up for the CuriosityStream/Nebula bundle deal in order to watch part two now: http://CuriosityStream.com/wendover Watch part two: https://nebula.app/videos/wendover-the-news-you-missed-in-2021-from-every-country-in-the-world-part-2 Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster

For a limited time, save 60% on your first 3 months of Audible at http://Audible.com/wendover Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References: [1] https://americanairlines.gcs-web.com/static-files/ceb67596-d59a-41e3-ad0c-b5556dd43b4a [2] https://ir.united.com/static-files/1c0f0c79-23ca-4fd2-80c1-cf975348bab9 [3] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257430933_30_years_of_frequent_flyer_programs

Buy your custom domain or email for 10% off at http://Hover.com/wendover Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster

Sign up for the Nebula/CuriosityStream bundle deal at http://CuriosityStream.com/Wendover Watch an exclusive behind the scenes video showing how we made this video on Nebula: https://nebula.app/videos/wendover-productions-behind-the-scenes-at-wendover-productions Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster

Subscribe to Morning Brew's free daily newsletter here: https://bit.ly/mbwendover2 Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster [1] https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPDPC@WEO/AFQ/CHN [2] https://www.statista.com/statistics/1223543/urbanization-rate-in-africa-by-country/ [3] https://www.statista.com/statistics/274511/life-expectancy-in-africa/; https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?locations=CN [4] https://population.un.org/wpp/DataQuery/ [5] https://www.populationpyramid.net/africa/2020/ [6] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.SEC.ENRR.FE?locations=ZG-DZ-CV-DJ-EG-LY-MA-TN; https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.SEC.ENRR.FE?locations=CN [7] https://www.economist.com/special-report/2020/03/26/migration-is-helping-africa-in-many-ways [8] https://www.statista.com/statistics/1231600/number-of-emigrants-from-africa/ [9] https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2021/03/15/keep-remittances-flowing-to-africa/ [10] https://www.economist.com/special-report/2020/03/26/africa-is-changing-so-rapidly-it-is-becoming-hard-to-ignore [11] https://www.economist.com/special-report/2020/03/26/africas-population-will-double-by-2050 [12] http://www.agenta-project.eu/Jacomo/upload/media/popnet_winter_2014_final-5.pdf

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Sign up for a CuriosityStream subscription and also get a free Nebula subscription (the streaming platform built by creators) here: http://CuriosityStream.com/wendover Watch an exclusive companion video about the logistics of resettling 10's of thousands of Afghan refugees here: https://nebula.app/videos/wendover-productions-the-logistics-of-resettling-afghan-refugees Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby Research by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster References: [1] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-asia-58219963?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=611935efd825f75cc4e28bc2%26%27Kabul%20airport%20under%20fire%27%20-%20US%20embassy%262021-08-15T15%3A55%3A53.917Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:25e5f939-3186-47a5-a0a0-32ad03b6b4aa&pinned_post_asset_id=611935efd825f75cc4e28bc2&pinned_post_type=share [2] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-asia-58219963?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=61194b77de5452771131ec4e%26Commercial%20flights%20out%20of%20Kabul%20suspended%262021-08-15T17%3A24%3A36.924Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:03317446-1415-4a20-8707-3fcdaa47cbe4&pinned_post_asset_id=61194b77de5452771131ec4e&pinned_post_type=share [3] https://twitter.com/Zabehulah_M33/status/1426815375707099136?s=20 [4] https://twitter.com/Zabehulah_M33/status/1426905752782966786?s=20 [5] https://twitter.com/MilMonWorld/status/1427025918652977156?s=20 [6] https://www.state.gov/joint-statement-from-the-department-of-state-and-department-of-defense-update-on-afghanistan/ [7] https://twitter.com/NicolaCareem/status/1427122975971561475?s=20 [8] https://twitter.com/Maxar/status/1427287696578392064?s=20 [9] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-asia-58219963?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=611a061627b37217d37d5261%26US%20takes%20control%20of%20Kabul%20airport%20to%20evacuate%20staff%20from%20country%262021-08-16T06%3A44%3A51.544Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:64cf88b5-cfe1-46c9-9e33-dee403c5819e&pinned_post_asset_id=611a061627b37217d37d5261&pinned_post_type=share [10] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-asia-58219963?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=611a1acc27b37217d37d5283%26Deaths%20reported%20at%20Kabul%20airport%262021-08-16T08%3A29%3A37.467Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:d48f6464-902d-495b-b752-db87275ed935&pinned_post_asset_id=611a1acc27b37217d37d5283&pinned_post_type=share

Use code WENDOVER14 for up to 14 FREE MEALS across your first 5 HelloFresh boxes plus free shipping at https://bit.ly/3cpIz8a Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby Research by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Select footage courtesy the AP Archive

Sign up for a CuriosityStream subscription and also get a free Nebula subscription (the streaming platform built by creators) here: http://CuriosityStream.com/wendover Watch a Nebula-exclusive companion video to this here: https://nebula.app/videos/wendover-productions-the-strangest-sections-of-american-interstate Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby Research by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Select footage courtesy the AP Archive [1] https://www.eh.net/eha/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Kitschens.pdf [2] https://alu.army.mil/alog/2015/JANFEB15/PDF/140108.pdf; https://www.americanheritage.com/ikes-excellent-adventure; https://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/research/online-documents/1919-convoy/principal-facts.pdf [3] https://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/research/online-documents/1919-convoy/1919-11-03-dde-to-chief.pdf [4] https://www.dot.state.al.us/publications/Design/pdf/DesignStandardsInterstateSystem.pdf [5] https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/SSRN-id3428675.pdf [6] https://tripnet.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/TRIP_Interstate_Report_June_2021.pdf

Start your day by learning what's going on in the world with the free Morning Brew newsletter: https://bit.ly/mbwendover Watch Extremities at http://youtube.com/extremities Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby Research by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_and_wealth#/media/File:GDP_per_capita_(nominal)_2015.png [2] https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2018/10/27/the-chinese-century-is-well-under-way [3] https://archive.org/details/civilizationandc031898mbp/page/n39/mode/2up?q=mental [4] https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-vs-latitude [5] https://www.jstor.org/stable/40568423 [6] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS [7] https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-labor-force-employed-in-agriculture [8] http://www.fao.org/3/u8480e/u8480e07.htm [9] https://medcraveonline.com/OAJS/effects-of-high-temperature-stress-and-traits-associated-with-tolerance-in-wheat.html#ref5 [10] https://data.apps.fao.org [11] https://ourworldindata.org/burden-of-disease [12] https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00678713/document

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Buy your custom domain or email for 10% off at http://Hover.com/HAI Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby Research by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References [1] http://www.conservativemanifesto.com/1979/1979-conservative-manifesto.shtml [2] https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A31991L0440 [3] https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/294804/a4-tsr2-tables-2a-2f.pdf [4] https://dataportal.orr.gov.uk/statistics/usage/estimates-of-station-usage [5] https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/295079/b-franchise-agreement.pdf [6] https://bettertransport.org.uk/sites/default/files/research-files/Tracks%20Report%20March%202017.pdf [7] http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6182027.stm [8] http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8127851.stm [9] https://www.bbc.com/news/business-44142258 [10] https://www.transportfocus.org.uk/publication/national-rail-passenger-survey-nrps-autumn-2014-main-report/ [11] https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/rail-emergency-measures-during-the-covid-19-pandemic [12] https://www.gov.uk/government/news/rail-franchising-reaches-the-terminus-as-a-new-railway-takes-shape [13] https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-49346642 [14] https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/flash/fl_382a_sum_en.pdf; https://dataportal.orr.gov.uk/media/1548/rail-finance-statistical-release-2018-19.pdf [15] https://fullfact.org/economy/do-public-want-railways-renationalised/ Musicbed SyncID: MB01WK2XIJ6Z6KV

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Buy your custom domain or email for 10% off at http://Hover.com/wendover Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby Research by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/G/TBTN17/CHN1211.pdf&Open=True [2] https://docs.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/FE_Browse/FE_B_009.aspx?TopLevel=8318#/ [3] https://www.dakotavalleyrecycling.org/other-residential-recycling/330-how-a-materials-recovery-facilities-works [4] https://www.npr.org/2020/09/11/897692090/how-big-oil-misled-the-public-into-believing-plastic-would-be-recycled [5] https://www.bottledwater.org/rpet-facts [6] https://www.ft.com/content/360e2524-d71a-11e8-a854-33d6f82e62f8 [7] https://www.businessinsider.com/plastic-eating-super-enzyme-recycles-plastic-bottles-2020-10; Musicbed SyncID: MB01KINKY2UTHEQ

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Buy your custom domain or email for 10% off at http://Hover.com/wendover Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby Research by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://www.coolantarctica.com/Bases/modern_antarctic_bases3.php [2] https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=125161 [3] https://www.usap.gov/technology/documents/SPSAT%2020201114.pdf?rnd=1340834247 [4] https://www.usap.gov/technology/1972/ [5] https://www.waste360.com/recycling/sanitation-bottom-world [6] https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/first-us-spring-flight-to-antarctica-aims-to-keep-out-virus/2020/09/13/538edef0-f625-11ea-85f7-5941188a98cd_story.html [7] https://beta.nsf.gov/science-matters/life-ice-during-pandemic-keeping-science-antarctica-going-and-continent-covid-19 Musicbed SyncID: MB016CDZARECXZR

The first 1000 people to use this link will get a free trial of Skillshare Premium Membership: https://skl.sh/wendoverproductions11201 Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Writing by Sam Denby Research by Sam Denby and Tristan Purdy Editing by Alexander Williard Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2011/04/20/a-dam-nuisance [2] https://www.economist.com/node/21688360/print [3] https://www.economist.com/leaders/2020/07/02/egypt-ethiopia-and-sudan-must-learn-how-to-share-the-nile-river [4] https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/90344/Sudan-urges-reaching-agreement-guaranteeing-safety-of-Roseires-Dam [5] https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2020/07/02/the-bitter-dispute-over-africas-largest-dam [6] https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54531747 [7] https://www.ifpri.org/blog/whats-future-food-subsidies-egypt [8] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=ET [9] https://www.worldfinance.com/infrastructure-investment/ethiopias-remarkable-economic-ascent [10] http://www.iwtc.info/2007_pdf/2-5.pdf [11] https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/ethiopias-leader-hails-1st-filling-of-massive-disputed-dam/2020/07/22/b3bd4e1e-cc0f-11ea-99b0-8426e26d203b_story.html#comments-wrapper [12] https://www.hidasse.gov.et/web/guest/about-the-dam [13] https://egyptindependent.com/sudan-announces-sudden-decline-of-nile-waters-despite-ethiopias-denial-of-dam-filling/ [14] https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/28/renaissance-dam-ethiopia-egypt-negotiations/ [15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_hydroelectric_power_stations [16] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC?locations=ET [17] https://web.archive.org/web/20170824011833/http://www.ethpress.gov.et/herald/index.php/technology/item/8498-purpose-driven-commitment-from-every-corner-to-realize-ethiopian-renaissance [18] https://spectrum.ieee.org/energy/policy/the-grand-ethiopian-renaissance-dam-gets-set-to-open [19] https://www.press.et/english/?p=20760# [20] https://www.cnn.com/2015/03/06/africa/grand-reneissance-dam-ethiopia/index.html Musicbed SyncID: MB013HQAMU1QWXR

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Start learning complex topics simple for 20% off by being one of the first 200 to sign up at http://Brilliant.org/wendover Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://gaming.unlv.edu/reports/NV_1984_present.pdf [2] https://s22.q4cdn.com/513010314/files/doc_financials/annual/2019/2019-MGM-Annual-Report.pdf [3] https://www.apple.com/ipad-10.2/specs/ [4] https://www.888casino.com/blog/gaming-mathematics/house-edge [5] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=NZ [6] https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1045&context=glj [7] https://wizardofodds.com/games/blackjack/card-counting/high-low/ [8] https://www.blackjackapprenticeship.com/recommended-blackjack-bankroll/ Musicbed SyncID: MB01C5IMX1BNQGN

Sign up for a CuriosityStream subscription and also get a free Nebula subscription (the new streaming platform built by creators) here: http://CuriosityStream.com/wendover Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7045880/ [2] https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html [3] https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/understanding-depth-2020-global-recession-5-charts [4] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-25/the-supply-chain-to-save-the-world-is-unprepared-for-a-vaccine [5] https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-cargo-markets-july-update/ [6] https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-cargo-markets-july-update/ [7] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-25/the-supply-chain-to-save-the-world-is-unprepared-for-a-vaccine [8] https://www.marketwatch.com/story/moderna-and-pfizers-covid-19-vaccine-candidates-require-ultra-low-temperatures-raising-questions-about-storage-distribution-2020-08-27 [9] https://www.statnews.com/pharmalot/2020/09/08/covid19-vaccine-supply-chain-cold-chain [10] https://www.gatesfoundation.org/goalkeepers/report/2020-report/?utm_source=GFO&utm_medium=GKS&utm_campaign=GK20&utm_term=RP&utm_content=LK%5D#CollaborativeResponse Musicbed SyncID: MB01ZSIIXG8MVOR

Buy your custom domain or email for 10% off at http://Hover.com/HAI Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://qz.com/1085125/san-ysidro-the-busiest-land-border-crossing-in-the-world-connecting-mexico-to-the-us-is-closed-from-sept-23-25/ [2] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=US-MX [3] http://www3.weforum.org/docs/Global_Social_Mobility_Report.pdf [4] https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08865655.2018.1445548?needAccess=true&journalCode=rjbs20 [5] [6] https://www.usatoday.com/border-wall/us-mexico-interactive-border-map/ [7] https://goo.gl/maps/LLDCgKXqZnCJEYY87 [8] https://www.usatoday.com/border-wall/story/human-smuggling-crossing-border-illegally-methods/559784001/ [9] https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/local-media-release/longest-cross-border-tunnel-discovered-san-diego [10] https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2019-Mar/bp-southwest-border-sector-deaths-fy1998-fy2018.pdf [11] https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2019-Mar/bp-southwest-border-sector-deaths-fy1998-fy2018.pdf Musicbed SyncID: MB01GY2JKZT2IWZ

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Learn new skills for free for two months by signing up for Skillshare at https://skl.sh/wendoverproductions0820 Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/data/view-data-reports/national-data/# [2] https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/resources/allocation-calculators/epts-calculator/ [3] https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/nephrectomy/expert-answers/kidney-donation/faq-20057997 [4] https://www.pennmedicine.org/updates/blogs/transplant-update/2019/march/5-quick-facts-about-organ-donation [5] https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/members/regions/region-3/; https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/members/regions/region-9/ [6] https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/study-finds-link-between-income-and-organ-transplant-access [7] https://www.statnews.com/2016/08/25/organ-donation-kidneys-iran/; https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=IR [8] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2322914/ Musicbed SyncID: MB01IAUX16X8FQI

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Learn new skills for free for two months by signing up for Skillshare at https://skl.sh/wendover10 Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/oh/oh6904/oh6904-2.jpg [2] https://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/oh/oh6403/oh6403-2.jpg [3] https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19770020143.pdf [4] https://books.google.com/books?id=xgM5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA372&lpg=PA372&dq=$50+million+federal+helicopter+subsidy&source=bl&ots=sj1FNPLRdy&sig=ACfU3U0ut3GhqNHGabd57kOFexNgFg-3QA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjByNKRxdTpAhUHv54KHVBSBcYQ6AEwAXoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=%2450%20million%20federal%20helicopter%20subsidy&f=false Wendover Productions LLC youtube.com/wendoverproductions Musicbed SyncID: MB01QLNBN70FUXC

Get your custom domain or email for 10% off at http://Hover.com/wendover Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://www.cdc.gov/motorvehiclesafety/pedestrian_safety/index.html [2] https://www.statista.com/statistics/198029/total-number-of-us-licensed-drivers-by-state/ [3] https://www.statista.com/statistics/191660/fatality-rate-per-100000-licensed-drivers-in-the-us-since-1988/ [4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6843304/ [5] https://www.cmu.edu/epp/people/faculty/research/PS%20FSLRC%20HowSafe.pdf [6] https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.is.ed.ac.uk/stable/pdf/1727970.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Ac48a7fe2f9c0fedf29cba859db4daebd [7] https://www.cmu.edu/epp/people/faculty/research/PS%20FSLRC%20HowSafe.pdf [8] http://journal.sjdm.org/7303a/jdm7303a.htm

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Sign up for an annual CuriosityStream subscription and also get a free Nebula subscription (the new streaming platform built by creators) here: http://CuriosityStream.com/wendover Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://www.eurocontrol.int/news/celebrating-100-years-transatlantic-flights [2] https://hub.united.com/2020-03-17-united-airlines-further-reduces-domestic-and-international-schedules-2645516655.html [3] https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/u/0/d/1cRgtHZ4sRPj4BdcJa2y09SKaG8SRrLLtntHSegfmmoU/htmlview [4] http://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/NYS/UAL/reports/032702.pdf; https://americanairlines.gcs-web.com/static-files/980efd76-fcc6-497a-8933-23f212512019; https://d1lge852tjjqow.cloudfront.net/CIK-0000027904/916484c6-c1ce-4ecd-90d7-ae41981ab8b4.pdf [5] http://ir.united.com/static-files/1dc3696a-8b66-481f-ba5c-d0e4d407f9cf; https://americanairlines.gcs-web.com/static-files/d46a00e3-db05-4a91-af7a-fbe0fc2a7f08; https://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0000027904/1fe7420e-4781-437f-92c3-08991a2d6695.pdf [6] https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2020/03/09/saudi-russian-price-war-sends-oil-and-stockmarkets-crashing

Start learning complex topics simple for 20% off by being one of the first 200 to sign up at http://Brilliant.org/wendover Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://goo.gl/maps/wgMvdgJML51xZzyb6 [2] https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution-transcript [3] https://www.gao.gov/highrisk/2020_decennial_census/why_did_study [4] https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/program-management/planning-docs/2020-oper-plan4.pdf [5] https://www.census.gov/about/regions.html [6] https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/program-management/planning-docs/2020-oper-plan4.pdf [7] https://www.bls.gov/charts/employment-situation/civilian-unemployment-rate.htm [8] https://2020census.gov/en/jobs/pay-and-locations/national-map.html [9] https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2019/08/from-horseback-to-satellite-how-us-census-bureau-checks-addresses.html [10] https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4426784-Planned-Questions-2020-Acs#document/p13/a445096 [11] https://gis-portal.data.census.gov/arcgis/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=7ef5c37c68a64ef3b2f1b17eb9287427 [12] https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/eaglecountycolorado [13] https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2018/2020-census-alaska.html [14] https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/factsheets/2019/dec/how-census-invites-everyone.pdf [15] https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/factsheets/2019/dec/how-census-invites-everyone.pdf [16] https://people.howstuffworks.com/census.htm/printable [17] https://2020census.gov/content/dam/2020census/materials/group-quarters/questionnaires/Informational%20Copy%20of%20the%202020%20Vessel%20Questionnaire%20(English).pdf

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Sign up for an annual CuriosityStream subscription and also get a free Nebula subscription (the new streaming platform built by creators) here: http://CuriosityStream.com/wendover Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive Select Footage courtesy 大紀元新聞網 and 中国新闻网 under creative commons licenses References: [1] https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/01/mining-coronavirus-genomes-clues-outbreak-s-origins [2] https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=zh-CN&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwjw.wuhan.gov.cn%2Ffront%2Fweb%2FshowDetail%2F2019123108989 [3] https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/08/health/china-pneumonia-outbreak-virus.html?searchResultPosition=2 [4] https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/ [5] http://www.china.org.cn/english/2003/Jun/66155.htm [6] http://www.china.org.cn/english/2003/Sep/75309.htm [7] https://www.statista.com/statistics/279942/the-largest-construction-contractors-worldwide-based-on-total-revenue/ [8] https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-china-can-build-a-coronavirus-hospital-in-10-days-11580397751?ns=prod/accounts-wsj [9] https://archpaper.com/2019/08/new-report-modular-construction-business-booming/ [10] https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3047943/live-wuhan-millions-tune-watch-china-build-coronavirus-hospitals [11] https://www.wsj.com/articles/united-american-airlines-suspend-hong-kong-service-as-coronavirus-saps-demand-11580897463

Sign up for an annual CuriosityStream subscription and also get a free Nebula subscription (the new streaming platform built by creators) here: http://CuriosityStream.com/wendover Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://www.powder.com/stories/news/single-day-lift-ticket-at-vail-hits-209/ [2] https://www.newenglandskihistory.com/lifts/listbycost.php [3] https://www.vailresortsretail.com/careers/benefits/; https://asc-mbs.com/benefits-overview-and-requirements/ [4] https://www.zillow.com/aspen-co/home-values/ [5] https://www.zillow.com/manhattan-ny/home-values/ [6] https://aschousing.managebuilding.com/Resident/PublicPages/CustomPage.aspx?cp=21 [7] https://www.denverpost.com/2019/12/29/colorado-transit-mountain-towns/ [8] https://www.nationalforests.org/our-forests/your-national-forests-magazine/the-future-of-ski-resorts-on-public-lands [9] https://www.fs.fed.us/recreation/programs/ski_water_rights/documents/ski_area_program_info.pdf [10] https://www.economist.com/business/2017/02/09/snow-making-companies-in-a-warming-world [11] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378016305556?via%3Dihub [12] https://www.epicpass.com/passes/epic-pass.aspx; https://www.ikonpass.com/en/shop-passes/ikon-base-pass-2019-2020

Start learning complex topics simple for 20% off by being one of the first 200 to sign up at Brilliant.org/wendover Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=CN [2] https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/china-tourism-and-hotel-industry; https://www.ibisworld.com/china/industry-trends/fastest-growing-industries/ [3] http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/events/china_series/y2008/index.jsp [4] https://www.sportbusiness.com/news/mlb-signs-agreement-to-help-revamp-chinese-professional-baseball/ [5] http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201907/11/WS5d26e8f7a3105895c2e7cf57.html [6] https://www.weibo.com/u/2476404931?is_hot=1 [7] https://supchina.com/2018/09/22/nhl-china-games-2018-the-good-the-bad-and-the-could-be-better/; https://www.nhl.com/news/nhl-hopes-to-announce-more-preseason-games-in-china/c-308539962 [8] https://www.nbcsports.com/washington/capitals/alex-ovechkin-enjoys-sights-and-tastes-nhl-ambassador-china [9] https://www.weibo.com/nhlofficial?refer_flag=1005055013_&is_hot=1 [10] https://theathletic.com/885412/2019/03/25/beijing-bound-possibility-of-49ers-hosting-2020-game-in-china-to-be-discussed-by-nfl-owners/ [11] https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/02/sport/new-england-patriots-china-social-media-spt-intl/index.html [12] https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/02/sport/new-england-patriots-china-social-media-spt-intl/index.html [13] https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/20/the-nba-is-chinas-most-popular-sports-league-heres-how-it-happened.html [14] https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/nba/2019/10/09/nba-china-hong-kong-whats-at-stake/3912447002/ [15] https://apnews.com/0a660e9e10664e31bf6ee359c22058cf

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Start browning more easily and safely by signing up for Dashlane for free at http://Dashlane.com/wendover If you upgrade to premium, use the code “wendover” for 10% off Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://www.270towin.com/poll-closing-times [2] https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/upshot/election-2016-voting-precinct-maps.html#6.77/44.01/-102.42 [3] https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/06/us/election-security-expert-panel.html [4] http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/internet-voting.aspx [5] https://media.defcon.org/DEF%20CON%2027/voting-village-report-defcon27.pdf [6] https://elect.ky.gov/Resources/Documents/10-17-2019%20-%20Voting%20Machines%20By%20County.pdf [7] https://www.verifiedvoting.org/resources/voting-equipment/hart-intercivic/escan/ [8] https://www.verifiedvoting.org/resources/voting-equipment/microvote/infinity/ [9] https://sos.idaho.gov/elect/Clerk/Hart/ac6300-006_62D_SupportProcedures_%23390-cp.pdf [10] https://www.thoughtco.com/votes-counted-on-election-day-3322083 [11] https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/08/20/new-los-angeles-county-voting-system-highlights-trade-offs-between-security-accessibility/ [12] https://www.edisonresearch.com/election-polling/ [13] https://www.ap.org/en-us/topics/politics/counting-the-vote#form-help [14] https://blog.ap.org/behind-the-news/calling-the-presidential-race-state-by-state [15] https://blog.ap.org/behind-the-news/ap-flashes-what-theyre-all-about [16] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2016/11/04/what-time-will-this-election-finally-be-over/

Get the perfect suitcase for $20 off by going to http://awaytravel.com/wendover20 and using the promo code “wendover20 Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive UNSW photo courtesy Sardaka, University of Sydney photo courtesy Jason Tong References: [1] https://skift.com/2016/10/11/delta-air-lines-chairman-resigns-effective-immediately/ [2] https://www.businessinsider.com/amtrak-why-so-expensive-america-train-system-2019-3?r=US&IR=T [3] https://www.bts.gov/content/amtrak-time-performance-trends-and-hours-delay-cause [4] https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/corporate/businessplanning/Amtrak-Service-Line-Plans-FY20-24.pdf [5] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-11-20/amtrak-ceo-has-no-love-lost-for-dining-cars-long-haul-routes [6] https://thepointsguy.com/news/amtrak-plans-to-expand-new-nonstop-acela-service-from-new-york/ [7] https://transportation.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Anderson%20Testimony.pdf [8] https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/Texas-High-Speed-Train-is-Shovel-Ready-565182232.html [9] https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelgoldstein/2019/10/31/billionaire-branson-gets-billions-in-bonds-to-launch-vegas-to-california-train-service/#f5ffad276604 [10] http://trn.trains.com/bonus/amtrak [11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_wave_of_January_1977 [12] https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/corporate/nationalfactsheets/Amtrak-Economic-Contribution-Brochure-083016.pdf

Start building your online store with Shopify for free for 14 days by signing up at http://shopify.com/wendover Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive UNSW photo courtesy Sardaka, University of Sydney photo courtesy Jason Tong References: [1] https://sydneylivingmuseums.com.au/stories/why-were-convicts-transported-australia [2] https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Happiness_Report#2019_World_Happiness_Report [4] http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/national-location-information/landforms/deserts [5] https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-02-08/outback-oil-canavan-best-chance-for-national-production/10791164; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_proven_oil_reserves [6] https://www.flickr.com/photos/54545503@N04/5457617258 [7] http://wits.worldbank.org/visualization/product-analysis-visualization.html [8] https://www.rba.gov.au/education/resources/snapshots/economy-composition-snapshot/ [9] https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook45p/AustraliaTrade [10] https://internationaleducation.gov.au/research/International-Student-Data/Documents/MONTHLY%20SUMMARIES/2018/International%20student%20data%20December%202018%20detailed%20summary.pdf [11] https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-21/australian-universities-too-dependent-on-chinese-students-report/11427272 [12] https://www.smh.com.au/national/sydney-universities-hiding-from-the-facts-about-chinese-students-20190820-p52ivl.html [13] https://www.austrade.gov.au/international/invest/investor-updates/2018/australia-holds-world-record-for-longest-period-of-growth-among-developed-economies [14] https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/20/world/australia/australia-china.html [15] https://www.ft.com/content/f56fce50-ff13-11e9-b7bc-f3fa4e77dd47; https://www.sbs.com.au/news/china-builds-spy-network-in-australian-universities [16] https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/this-student-attended-a-protest-at-an-australian-uni-days-later-chinese-officials-visited-his-family-20190807-p52eqb.html [17] https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2019/jun/spillovers-to-australia-from-the-chinese-economy.html

Sign up for an annual CuriosityStream subscription and also get a free Nebula subscription (the new streaming platform built by creators) here: http://CuriosityStream.com/Wendover Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/mission/office-policy/aviation-policy/337916/subsidized-eas-report-communities-outside-alaskamay-2019.pdf [2] https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/mission/office-policy/aviation-policy/311086/status-report-200-compliance-12-months-ended-sep-30-2017.pdf [3] https://www.citylab.com/equity/2018/11/worsening-inequality-urban-rural-major-cities/576175/ [4] https://www.flightconnections.com/route-map-air-choice-one-3e [5] https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/pso_inventory_table.pdf [6] https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2018/11/12/18080806/air-service-small-cities-crucial [7] https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/4/pub/AKMBPA2.pdf [8] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259139464_Economic_contribution_of_essential_air_service_flights_on_small_and_remote_communities [9] https://bayrunnershuttle.com/locations/hagerstown/ [10] https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/82888-franklin-pa-and-hagerstown-md-to-lose-eas-services [11] https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44176.pdf [12] https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44176.pdf [13] https://blog.midwestind.com/cost-of-building-road/; https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-jeff-denham-government-property-bill-20160303-story.html; https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GAOREPORTS-NSIAD-97-181/pdf/GAOREPORTS-NSIAD-97-181.pdf

Learn with Brilliant for 20% by being one of the first 200 to sign up at http://Brilliant.org/Wendover Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/iscgem14226221/executive [2] https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/haiti/overview; https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/haiti/overview [3] https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/why-haiti-s-quake-was-so-devastating-1.907001 [4] https://spherestandards.org/wp-content/uploads/Sphere-Handbook-2018-EN.pdf [5] https://www.cbsnews.com/news/haiti-earthquake-aid-nearly-15-billion-in-donations/ [6] https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/14/world/americas/14cutter.html?hp [7] https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704541004575011403710933576 [8] https://airtrafficmanagement.keypublishing.com/2010/01/22/faa-sends-temporary-air-traffic-control-tower-to-haiti/

Start building your online store with Shopify for free for 14 days by signing up at http://shopify.com/wendover Buy a Wendover Productions t-shirt from our Shopify-powered store: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://www.airlines.iata.org/news/iata-forecasts-355bn-net-profit-for-airlines-in-2019 [2] https://blog.aci.aero/airport-markets-and-seasonal-variations/ [3] https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/RYAAY/ryanair-holdings/gross-profit [4] https://voxeu.org/article/eu-s-insolvency-reform [5] https://www.ft.com/content/15ecdab8-c960-11e9-a1f4-3669401ba76f [6] https://www.ft.com/content/986c4e6e-db81-11e9-8f9b-77216ebe1f17 [7] https://twitter.com/tcairlinesuk?lang=en [8] https://thepointsguy.co.uk/news/on-thomas-cook-repatriation-flight/ [9] https://web.archive.org/web/20190514055927/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca_Airport#Airlines_and_destinations [10] https://thepointsguy.co.uk/news/on-thomas-cook-repatriation-flight/ [11] https://www.seatguru.com/airlines/Malaysia_Airlines/Malaysia_Airlines_Airbus_A380_new.php; https://www.flightradar24.com/data/aircraft/9m-mnf

Sign up for an annual CuriosityStream subscription and also get a free Nebula subscription (the new streaming platform built by creators) here: http://CuriosityStream.com/Wendover Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://www.davidbrotsky.com/hiatus-map [2] https://brazilproductionservices.com/news/2018/5/2/bps-bring-the-avengers-infinity-war-to-shoot-in-brazil [3] https://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/04/26/18/yes-that-avengers-infinity-war-scene-is-in-ph [4] https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/scotland-now/avengers-endgames-superhero-tourism-boost-14996002

Learn new skills with Skillshare for free for two months at http://skl.sh/wendover7 Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive China Eastern 737 Takeoff Video Courtesy PDX Aviation References: [1] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.AIR.PSGR?locations=CN [2] https://www.iata.org/pressroom/pr/Documents/TopTenPaxMarkets_graph.pdf [3] https://www.scmp.com/news/world/russia-central-asia/article/3024610/you-can-buy-russias-putin-pitches-su-57-stealth-jets [4] https://skift.com/2019/01/08/boeing-edges-airbus-to-stay-worlds-biggest-commercial-aircraft-manufacturer/ [5] https://s2.q4cdn.com/661678649/files/doc_financials/annual/2019/Boeing-2018AR-Final.pdf [6] https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/04/boeing-stock-all-time-high-on-china-demand-production-acceleration.html [7] https://graphics.reuters.com/ETHIOPIA-AIRPLANE/010091341G7/index.html [8] https://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/283437/what-routes-does-the-boeing-737-max-8-fly/ [9] https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/news/en/2018/09/airbus--china-assembly-facility-marks-10-years-of-quality-manufa.html [10] https://www.wsj.com/articles/boeing-and-its-737-max-jets-have-a-china-problem-11554904340 [11] https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/13/business/china-boeing.html [12] https://www.apnews.com/88d5235d2107400680d8b0870d30d218 [13] https://www.marketplace.org/2019/02/11/ceo-americas-biggest-exporter-manufacturing-america-doing-business/ [14] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-25/airbus-is-said-to-seal-long-awaited-aircraft-order-from-china [15] https://www.mhi.com/news/story/190625.html [16] https://ukranews.com/en/news/612803-antonov-planning-to-resume-production-of-an-148-an-158-and-an-178-planes-in-2019 [17] https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/news/china-comac-919-new-plane-ryanair/

To learn more about Brilliant, go to http://brilliant.org/wendover and sign up for free The first 200 people that go to that link will also get 20% off the annual Premium subscription. Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://www.acq.osd.mil/eie/Downloads/BSI/Base%20Structure%20Report%20FY18.pdf [2] https://theintercept.com/2018/02/18/niger-air-base-201-africom-drones/ [3] https://theintercept.imgix.net/wp-uploads/sites/1/2018/11/AFRICOM-bases-1543529943.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&q=90&w=1000&h=748 [4] https://www.cnic.navy.mil/regions/cnreurafswa/installations/camp_lemonnier_djibouti.html [5] https://web.archive.org/web/20070204141322/http://www.eucom.mil/english/Transformation/Transform_Blue.asp [6] https://prospect.org/article/cooperative-security-locations [7] https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/pubs/jp4_04.pdf?ver=2019-03-12-145838-887 [8] https://www.army.mil/article/187679/isolated_from_us_military_small_army_post_looks_to_rid_terrorism_in_west_africa [9] https://theintercept.com/2016/02/25/us-extends-drone-war-deeper-into-africa-with-secretive-base/ [10] https://dra.american.edu/islandora/object/auislandora:70442 [11] https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015002527961&view=1up&seq=251 [12] https://www.kaiserslauternamerican.com/569th-u-s-forces-police-squadron-polizei-model-american-german-partnership/ [13] https://86fss.com/force-support/ramstein-education-center/ [14] https://www.thenation.com/article/the-most-important-us-air-force-base-youve-never-heard-of/ [15] https://web.archive.org/web/20190823165306/https://www.facebook.com/139447339417453/photos/a.520376704657846/2865110273517799/?type=3&theater [16] https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/ramstein-base-in-germany-a-key-center-in-us-drone-war-a-1029279.html [17] https://books.google.com/books?id=KEqXR9fh-p4C&pg=PA426&lpg=PA426&dq=%22the+ability+of+a+nation+to+apply+all+or+some+of+its+elements+of+national+power%22&source=bl&ots=cCHv0utgGQ&sig=ACfU3U3fYC9k0yfnZ61X-Hl9AuqcZkzatQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjppPjb7ZvkAhVNRa0KHeFEBwUQ6AEwBXoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22the%20ability%20of%20a%20nation%20to%20apply%20all%20or%20some%20of%20its%20elements%20of%20national%20power%22&f=false [18] https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-19-204sp [19] https://www.basenation.us/uploads/5/7/1/7/57170837/9190780_orig.png [20] http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/8/24/70-years-after-the-war-okinawa-protests-new-us-military-base.html [21] https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/10/27/national/okinawa-sees-path-economic-independence-without-u-s-bases/#.XWAn_y2ZNp8 [22] https://www.defensenews.com/opinion/commentary/2018/06/06/why-the-us-shouldnt-build-more-foreign-bases/

Get your perfect suitcase for $20 off by going to http://AwayTravel.com/wendover20 and using the code “Wendover20” Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/28/ebola-virus-guinea-first-victim-patient-zero [2] https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2014/10/ebola-virus-epidemic-containment [3] https://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/ebola-6-months/guinea-chart-big.png?ua=1; https://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/one-year-report/virus-origin/en/ [4] https://www.who.int/cholera/technical/secretariat_report/en/ [5] https://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/ebola-6-months/guinea/en/ [6] https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2014/10/ebola-virus-epidemic-containment [7] https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/27/world/africa/guinea-government-bans-bat-soup-to-halt-ebola-outbreak.html [8] https://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/ebola-6-months/lessons/en/ [9] https://www.who.int/choice/demography/by_country/en/ [10] https://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/one-year-report/who-response/en/ [11] https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2014/10/ebola-virus-epidemic-containment [12] https://www.who.int/features/2014/ebola-myths/en/ [13] https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2014/10/ebola-virus-epidemic-containment [14] https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/history/2014-2016-outbreak/cumulative-cases-graphs.html [15] https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/history/2014-2016-outbreak/cumulative-cases-graphs.html [16] https://web.archive.org/web/20140318195354/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conakry_International_Airport; https://web.archive.org/web/20150323085135/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conakry_International_Airport#cite_note-Arik.2C_Gambia_stop_flights-6; https://allafrica.com/stories/201407100889.html; https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-10-17/ivory-coast-airline-to-resume-flights-to-ebola-affected-nations; https://web.archive.org/web/20141031141628/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungi_International_Airport [17] https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/treatment/index.html [18] https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/ebola/frequently-asked-questions [19] https://www.msf.org/liberia-msf’s-new-ebola-management-centres-already-overwhelmed [20] https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/02/health/ebola-doctors-are-divided-on-iv-therapy-in-africa.html [21] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4734504/figure/F3/ [22] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/-sp-liberia-ebola-crematorium [23] https://afro.who.int/news/ebola-outbreak-liberia-over [24] https://news.un.org/en/story/2016/01/519932-west-africa-declared-free-ebola-transmission-un-health-agency-warns-new-flare [25] https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/17-07-2019-ebola-outbreak-in-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-declared-a-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern

Learn from over 25,000 classes for free for two months by signing up at http://skl.sh/wendover6 Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Vincent de Langen Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Adam Chelminski, Arkadiy Kulev, Charles Zilinski, Chris Allen, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, John & Becki Johnston, Kyle, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Remi_Scarlet, Tom Dooner, Tyler Hamm, and Vaughn Mudrick Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive Delta 757 video courtesy PDX Aviation References: [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_professional_sports_leagues_by_revenue [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_professional_sports_leagues_by_revenue [3] https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1640782-the-anatomy-of-a-53-man-roster-in-the-nfl [4] http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d81ee4faa/article/team-travel-directors-preparing-as-if-there-will-be-a-2011-season [5] https://www.reddit.com/r/baseball/comments/8hf8eu/mlb_team_charter_planes/?st=jygao9i9&sh=71d96432; https://www.flightradar24.com/data/flights/ua2505 [6] https://www.flightradar24.com/data/flights/ua2534 [7] https://www.flightradar24.com/data/flights/ua2534 [8] https://www.flightradar24.com/data/aircraft/n76054 [9] https://www.flightradar24.com/data/aircraft/n76064 [10] https://onemileatatime.com/nfl-charter-flights/ [11] https://www.flightradar24.com/data/flights/dl8870; https://www.flightradar24.com/data/flights/dl8871 [12] https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2018/05/28/Leagues-and-Governing-Bodies/NFL-planes.aspx [13] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NFL_International_Series [14] https://www.foxbusiness.com/features/where-is-the-nfl-headed-next [15] https://www.latimes.com/sports/chargers/la-sp-chargers-london-20181019-story.html; https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertkidd/2018/10/10/uk-definitely-ready-for-london-nfl-team/#4f6fbfe1220a [16] https://www.espn.com/soccer/tottenham-hotspur/story/3108630/nfl-helping-fund-new-tottenham-hotspur-stadium-sources [17] https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/10/18/sports/football/seattle-seahawks-london.html [18] https://www.pitchcare.com/news-media/inside-the-buffalo-bills-hotel-the-grove-watford-home-to-the-first-uk-eclipse-hybrid-turf-pitch.html [19] https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/roger-goodell-on-nfl-in-london-theres-no-question-a-team-could-be-successful-here/ [20] https://www.privatefly.com/us/private-jets/large-airliner-hire/Boeing-747-400; https://www.paramountbusinessjets.com/aircraft/boeing-747-400.html; https://thepointsguy.com/news/touring-crystal-skye-777/; https://www.cntraveler.com/story/this-private-boeing-787-dreamliner-costs-74000-dollars-an-hour; [21] https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/seahawks/seahawks-not-excited-for-long-plane-flight-but-eager-for-a-new-experience-and-hopefully-getting-a-win-in-london/ [22] https://www.sbnation.com/college-football/2016/8/27/12672296/hawaii-schedule-2016 [23] https://hawaiiathletics.com/news/2017/9/6/general-hawaiian-airlines-uh-athletics-team-up-for-2017-18-sports-travel.aspx [24] https://sunwolves.or.jp/en/schedule/2019/

Watch over 2,400 documentaries for free for 31-days by signing up at http://CuriosityStream.com/Wendover and using the code, “Wendover” Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Sponsorship Enquiries: [email protected] Other emails: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Adam Chelminski, Arkadiy Kulev, Charles Zilinski, Chris Allen, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, John & Becki Johnston, Kyle, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Remi_Scarlet, Tom Dooner, Tyler Hamm, and Vaughn Mudrick Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/SEX255218; http://newflightcharters.com/private_jet_charter_flight_pricing.htm; https://www.charterhub.com/listings/aircraft/for-charter/list/?Mdltxt=G550&Manu=GULFSTREAM&mdlx=exact; https://www.privatefly.com/us/private-jets/longrange-jet-hire/Gulfstream-G550 [2] https://hbr.org/2018/07/the-leaders-calendar#what-do-ceos-actually-do [3] https://www.epi.org/files/pdf/130354.pdf [4] https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2017-10-31/in-defense-of-corporate-aircraft-no-really [5] https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/tesco-wal-mart-private-jets-fabrizio-poli/ [6] https://uk.flightaware.com/resources/registration/N455DG [7] http://www.corporatejetsolutions.com/PDF/Aircraft%20Comparisons/Citation%20VII%20vs.%20Hawker%20700%20vs.%20Lear%2045.pdf; https://awin.aviationweek.com/portals/awin/pdfs/BCAOpPlanningGuide/2012_Production.pdf; https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-news/2015/november/16/hourly-operating-costs-of-45-jets-compared [8] https://www.symmetry.com/resources/payroll-news/2017/11/13/how-many-working-days-are-in-a-year [9] https://corporate.walmart.com/media-library/document/2019-environmental-social-governance-report/_proxyDocument?id=0000016a-9485-d766-abfb-fd8d84300000&mod=article_inline [10] https://www.stratosjets.com/private-jets/bombardier-7500/; https://www.trilogyaviationgroup.com/jet/Global-7500; https://www.privatefly.com/us/private-jets/longrange-jet-hire/bombardier-global-7500 [11] https://www.economist.com/business/2012/04/14/winging-it [12] https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/co2_vol_mass.php; https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/en.atm.co2e.pc [13] https://www.economist.com/business/2017/02/16/why-bosses-are-flying-more-for-play-not-work [14] https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=529822

Learn with Brilliant for 20% off by being one of the first 200 to sign up at http://Brilliant.org/Wendover Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Adam Chelminski, Arkadiy Kulev, Charles Zilinski, Chris Allen, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, John & Becki Johnston, Kyle, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Remi_Scarlet, Tom Dooner, Tyler Hamm, and Vaughn Mudrick Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://maritime-connector.com/wiki/panamax/ [2] https://www.pancanal.com/eng/general/canal-faqs/index.html [3] https://www.inboundlogistics.com/cms/article/neo-panamax-era-arrives-why-shippers-should-take-notice/ [4] https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/evergreen-container-ship-makes-record-transit-through-panama-canal [5] https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/oocl-hong-kong-achieves-guinness-world-record [6] https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/MABR-07-2017-0014 [7] https://www.pancanal.com/eng/op/tariff/1010-0000-Rev20180802.pdf [8] https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Suez-becoming-canal-of-choice-for-Asia-US-shipments [9] https://www.economist.com/united-states/2012/01/28/the-fickle-asian-container [10] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-panama-canal/panama-opens-canal-extension-amid-growth-risks-cost-battle-idUSKCN0ZC0Q9 [11] https://www.constructiondive.com/news/njs-bayonne-bridge-project-over-budget-raising-cost-to-17b/512646/; https://www.wsp.com/en-US/insights/bayonne-bridge-raising-opens-ports-to-worlds-largest-ships [12] https://www.economist.com/business/2016/06/18/wider-impact [13] https://www.americanshipper.com/news/?autonumber=64566&source=redirected-from-old-site-link [14] https://en.caucedo.com [15] https://www.economist.com/americas-view/2014/02/28/ripple-effects [16] https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/17/climate/drought-water-shortage-panama-canal.html

Buy your domain before it’s gone for 10% off at http://Hover.com/Wendover Listen to Extremities at http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Adam Chelminski, Arkadiy Kulev, Charles Zilinski, Chris Allen, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, John & Becki Johnston, Kyle, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Remi_Scarlet, Tom Dooner, Tyler Hamm, and Vaughn Mudrick Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://www.heathrow.com/company/company-news-and-information/company-information/facts-and-figures [2] https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-30326125 [3] https://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/flight-planning [4] https://www.nats.aero/about-us/what-we-do/our-control-centres/ [5] https://www.nats.aero/ae-home/introduction-to-airspace/ [6] https://www.reuters.com/article/europe-airlines-atc/air-traffic-control-issues-cost-eu-economy-20-bln-in-2018-airline-body-idUSL5N20T0TU [7] https://www.eurocontrol.int/news/2018-air-traffic

http://ExtremitiesPodcast.com Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/extremities/id1467292185 Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iZWJhNzBjL3BvZGNhc3QvcnNz Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3yXc8WTwbZcieQhdr3Y6ao Pocket Casts: https://pca.st/OW0M Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/anchor-podcasts/extremities Breaker: https://www.breaker.audio/extremities Radio Public: https://radiopublic.com/extremities-8gKAOL

Learn with Brilliant for 20% off by being one of the first 200 to sign up at http://Brilliant.org/Wendover Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Adam Chelminski, Arkadiy Kulev, Charles Zilinski, Chris Allen, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, John & Becki Johnston, Kyle, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Remi_Scarlet, Tom Dooner, Tyler Hamm, and Vaughn Mudrick Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=IS [2] https://www.fastcompany.com/40414742/a-plane-crash-a-glacier-an-entrepreneur-how-icelandair-opened-up-air-travel-for-everyone [3] https://www.isavia.is/en/corporate/about-isavia/reports-and-statistics/passenger-statistics/statistics-keflavik-airport/older-statistics; https://www.ferdamalastofa.is/static/files/ferdamalastofa/Frettamyndir/2018/mai/foreign-visitors-to-iceland-1949-2017.xls [4] https://tradingeconomics.com/iceland/currency [5] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.ARVL?locations=IS [6] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=IS [7] https://www2.unwto.org/content/why-tourism [8] https://www.arabianbusiness.com/uae-s-oil-dependency-fall-5-of-gdp-by-2021-581729.html; https://www.thenational.ae/business/economy/uae-economy-grew-1-7-in-2018-on-non-oil-sector-growth-and-higher-oil-prices-1.843335 [9] https://government.ae/en/information-and-services/passports-and-traveling/statistics-and-most-visited-destinations; https://www.statista.com/statistics/674110/uae-international-tourist-arrivals/ [10] https://www.thejakartapost.com/travel/2018/01/24/white-oil-saudi-arabia-seeks-place-on-tourism-map.html; https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/indepth/2019/4/16/vision-2040-omans-ambitious-strategy-towards-a-post-oil-economy; https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/trend-lines/24550/what-bahrain-s-huge-oil-and-gas-discovery-means-for-its-post-oil-agenda [11] https://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/politics_and_society/2019/04/12/immigrants_role_in_tourism_boom/ [12] https://www.ferdamalastofa.is/static/files/ferdamalastofa/talnaefni/tourism-in-iceland-2018_2.pdf [13] http://www.travelweekly.co.uk/articles/295613/wow-air-passenger-numbers-jumps-by-nearly-two-thirds; https://www.isavia.is/en/corporate/about-isavia/reports-and-statistics/passenger-statistics/statistics-keflavik-airport/2017 [14] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-22/iceland-slashes-interest-rates-to-battle-economic-downturn [15] https://www.isavia.is/en/corporate/about-isavia/reports-and-statistics/passenger-statistics/passenger-statistics [16] https://www.isavia.is/media/1/12-2018-tolur-fyrir-vefsiduna.pdf

Get a 30-day trial, 1 Audiobook, and 2 Audible Original for free at http://Audible.com/wendover Or, text, “wendover” to 500 500 Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Adam Chelminski, Arkadiy Kulev, Charles Zilinski, Chris Allen, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, John & Becki Johnston, Kyle, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Remi_Scarlet, Tom Dooner, Tyler Hamm, and Vaughn Mudrick Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive References: [1] https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/08/world/middleeast/united-states-planning-to-slash-iraq-embassy-staff-by-half.html [2] https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/visa-information-resources/countries-limited-visa-services.html [3] https://www.un.int/tuvalu/tuvalu/embassies [4] https://usunrome.usmission.gov/mission/mission-usun/ambassador/ [5] https://web.archive.org/web/20080726181824/http://www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/3428/a/24515; https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/representations-and-travel-advice/dpr-korea/dpr-korea-representation-in-ch.html; https://web.archive.org/web/20111027103411/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/foreign-embassy-in-the-uk/korea-dpr-north-korea [6] https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1964/06/19640624%2002-10%20AM/Ch_III_3p.pdf [7] https://www.state.gov/discoverdiplomacy/diplomacy101/places/170537.htm [8] https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/15/julian-assange-ecuador-london-embassy-how-he-became-unwelcome-guest [9] http://integrity-legal.com/legal-blog/miscellaneous/laws-and-rules-regarding-extraterritoriality/ [10] https://www.jstor.org/stable/4284446?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents [11] https://www.state.gov/discoverdiplomacy/diplomacy101/people/170341.htm [12] https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/28/world/asia/28iht-embassy.1.13269969.html [13] https://www.citylab.com/equity/2012/09/fortress-america-how-us-designs-embassies/3289/ [14] https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2007/11/langewiesche200711 [15] https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2004/11/welcome-to-the-green-zone/303547/ [16] https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2007/11/langewiesche200711 [17] https://aoprals.state.gov/Web920/hardship.asp [18] https://aoprals.state.gov/Web920/danger_pay_all.asp

Create your own website easily at http://wix.com/go/wendover Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Adam Chelminski, Arkadiy Kulev, Charles Zilinski, Chris Allen, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, John & Becki Johnston, Kyle, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Remi_Scarlet, Tom Dooner, Tyler Hamm, and Vaughn Mudrick Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive Select footage courtesy Bigstock: http://bit.ly/bigstock-videofreetrial Southwest 737 MAX landing and takeoff shots, Spirit a320 taxi shot courtesy PDX aviation References: [1] https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/08/business/boeing-737-max-.html [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_jet_airliners [3] https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/boeing-boss-green-lights-all-new-next-generation-nar-353056/ [4] http://web.mit.edu/airlinedata/www/2017%2012%20Month%20Documents/Aircraft%20and%20Related/Small%20Narrow/Average%20Daily%20Airborne%20Hours%20of%20Total%20Small%20Narrowbody%20Fleet.htm; http://web.mit.edu/airlinedata/www/2017%2012%20Month%20Documents/Aircraft%20and%20Related/Widebody/Average%20Daily%20Airborne%20Hours%20of%20Total%20Widebody%20Fleet.htm [5] http://web.mit.edu/airlinedata/www/2017%2012%20Month%20Documents/Aircraft%20and%20Related/Small%20Narrow/Departure%20per%20Aircraft%20Day%20-%20SMALL%20NARROWBODY%20EQUIPMENT.htm; http://web.mit.edu/airlinedata/www/2017%2012%20Month%20Documents/Aircraft%20and%20Related/Widebody/Departure%20per%20Aircraft%20Day%20-%20WIDEBODY%20EQUIPMENT.htm [6] https://www.boeing.com/company/about-bca/washington/737-rate-increase-07-28-17.page [7] https://sites.google.com/site/unitedfleetsite/mainline-fleet-tracking [8] http://web.mit.edu/airlinedata/www/2017%2012%20Month%20Documents/Aircraft%20and%20Related/Small%20Narrow/Departure%20per%20Aircraft%20Day%20-%20SMALL%20NARROWBODY%20EQUIPMENT.htm; http://web.mit.edu/airlinedata/www/2017%2012%20Month%20Documents/Aircraft%20and%20Related/Small%20Narrow/Average%20Daily%20Airborne%20Hours%20of%20Total%20Small%20Narrowbody%20Fleet.htm [9] https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2010/12/airbus-offers-new-fuel-saving-engine-options-for-a320-family.html [10] https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/21/business/global/american-places-record-order-with-2-jet-makers.html [11] http://news.aa.com/news/news-details/2011/AMR-Corporation-Announces-Largest-Aircraft-Order-In-History-With-Boeing-And-Airbus-07202011/default.aspx [12] https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/21/business/global/american-places-record-order-with-2-jet-makers.html [13] https://www.panamacademy.com/boeing-737-ng-type-rating-and-training-courses [14] https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/08/business/boeing-737-max-.html [15] http://www.boeing.com/commercial/737max/#/technical-specs; http://www.b737.org.uk/737max.htm [16] https://aircanada.mediaroom.com/2019-03-19-Air-Canada-Updates-Schedule-Following-the-Grounding-of-the-Boeing-737-MAX-Aircraft [17] https://thepointsguy.com/2018/01/gol-airlines-nonstop-flights-us-worlds-longest-737-route/ [18] https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/turbfan.html [19] https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/08/business/boeing-737-max-.html

Start learning with Brilliant for free at http://Brilliant.org/Wendover The first 200 to use that link will also get 20% off upgrading to premium Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Alec M Watson, Andrew J Thom, Arkadiy Kulev, Chris Allen, Chris Barker, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, Harrison Wiener, James Hughes, James McIntosh, John & Becki Johnston, Keith Bopp, Kelly J Knight, Ken Lee, Kyle, KyQuan Phong, Manoj Kasyap Govindaraju, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Sheldon Zhao, Simen Nerleir, and Tim Robinson Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive Select footage courtesy Bigstock: http://bit.ly/bigstock-videofreetrial References: [1] https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/space-station-crew-celebrates-15-years-of-human-space-exploration-in-low-earth-orbit/ [2] https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/benefits-for-humanity_third.pdf [3] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/01/09/nasa-plans-to-keep-the-international-space-station-going-until-2024-is-that-a-good-idea/ [4] http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1579/1 [5] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/cooperation/index.html [6] https://www.nasa.gov/feature/facts-and-figures; http://www.boeing.com/assets/pdf/commercial/airports/acaps/747_8.pdf; https://www.nasa.gov/feature/facts-and-figures [7] https://www.nasa.gov/johnson/HWHAP/space-food [8] https://www.rbth.com/russian-kitchen/328572-russian-space-food-evolution [9] https://www.nasa.gov/johnson/HWHAP/space-food [10] https://www.makefoodsafe.com/do-astronauts-get-food-poisoning/ [11] https://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/reference/factsheets/food.html [12] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3zYG98ah04 [13] http://blogs.esa.int/VITAmission/2017/09/01/recycling-water-on-the-iss-an-infographic/ [14] https://oig.nasa.gov/docs/IG-18-016.pdf#bi [15] https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2009/AliciaMcGeachy.shtml [16] https://www.nasa.gov/johnson/HWHAP/space-food [17] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncrewed_spaceflights_to_the_International_Space_Station [18] https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/06/03/cargo-manifest-for-spacexs-11th-resupply-mission-to-the-space-station/ [19] https://www.space.com/42624-moldy-mouse-food-delays-spacex-launch.html [20] https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/iss-operating_an_outpost-tagged.pdf [21] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncrewed_spaceflights_to_the_International_Space_Station [22] https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/HEO_NAC_ISS_April_2015_final.pdf [23] https://www.space.com/590-iss-crew-counts-calories-food-supply-runs.html [24] https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/08/16/543980504/the-best-item-in-an-astronaut-s-care-package-definitely-the-ice-cream [25] https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/iss-operating_an_outpost-tagged.pdf [26] https://www.theverge.com/2017/12/13/16771116/star-wars-last-jedi-iss-astronauts-screening

Watch over 2,000 documentaries for free for 30 days by signing up at http://CuriosityStream.com/Wendover and using the code, “Wendover” at checkout Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Alec M Watson, Andrew J Thom, Arkadiy Kulev, Chris Allen, Chris Barker, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, Harrison Wiener, James Hughes, James McIntosh, John & Becki Johnston, Keith Bopp, Kelly J Knight, Ken Lee, Kyle, KyQuan Phong, Manoj Kasyap Govindaraju, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Sheldon Zhao, Simen Nerleir, and Tim Robinson Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive Select footage courtesy Bigstock: http://bit.ly/bigstock-videofreetrial United 787-8 video courtesy ifly fsx (CC attribution license) References: [1] https://www.oag.com/blog/billion-dollar-route [2] https://viewfromthewing.boardingarea.com/2018/06/21/after-dropping-chicago-beijing-american-airlines-considers-ending-all-chicago-asia-flying/ [3] https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/278489/american-airlines-ends-chicago-beijing-service-in-oct-2018/ [4] https://viewfromthewing.boardingarea.com/2018/06/21/after-dropping-chicago-beijing-american-airlines-considers-ending-all-chicago-asia-flying/ [5]https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_-AP2_TbPwAkJEtBlqKp_yyzncp2oob3/view?usp=sharing [6] https://www.chicagobusiness.com/airlines-airports/meet-route-planners-mapping-uniteds-future?utm_source=this-week-s-crain-s&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20190315&utm_content=article2-headline [7] https://www.anna.aero/2018/12/04/birmingham-to-hong-kong-is-skyscanners-unserved-route-of-the-week/; https://www.anna.aero/2017/11/22/del-akl-is-skyscanner-unserved-route-of-the-week-with-420000-searches/; https://www.anna.aero/2017/03/29/barcelona-bangkok-is-skyscanner-unserved-route-of-the-week/; https://www.anna.aero/2017/03/22/london-kochi-skyscanner-unserved-route-week/ [8] https://thepointsguy.com/news/united-dropping-lax-sin-route/; https://www.chicagobusiness.com/airlines-airports/meet-route-planners-mapping-uniteds-future?utm_source=this-week-s-crain-s&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20190315&utm_content=article2-headline [9] https://www.dropbox.com/s/cmwmjchpg0fypnf/Screen%20Shot%202019-03-23%20at%207.39.29%20PM.png?dl=0 [10] https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_-AP2_TbPwAkJEtBlqKp_yyzncp2oob3/view?usp=sharing [11] https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/274661/wow-air-adds-dallas-service-from-may-2018/ [12] https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/274804/icelandair-adds-dallas-service-from-may-2018/ [13] https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/275813/american-adds-dallas-reykjavik-seasonal-service-in-s18/ [14] https://www.chicagobusiness.com/airlines-airports/meet-route-planners-mapping-uniteds-future?utm_source=this-week-s-crain-s&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=20190315&utm_content=article2-headline

Watch over 2,000 documentaries for free for 30 days by signing up at http://CuriosityStream.com/Wendover and using the code, “Wendover” at checkout Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Check out my personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Alec M Watson, Andrew J Thom, Arkadiy Kulev, Chris Allen, Chris Barker, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, Harrison Wiener, James Hughes, James McIntosh, John & Becki Johnston, Keith Bopp, Kelly J Knight, Ken Lee, Kyle, KyQuan Phong, Manoj Kasyap Govindaraju, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Sheldon Zhao, Simen Nerleir, and Tim Robinson Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive Select footage courtesy Bigstock: http://bit.ly/bigstock-videofreetrial Rwanda Umuganda photo courtesy Rwanda Environment Management Agency References available at this link: https://goo.gl/5KDmvB

Learn for free with Skillshare for two months by being one of the first 500 to sign up at http://skl.sh/wendover5 Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Check out my personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Alec M Watson, Andrew J Thom, Arkadiy Kulev, Chris Allen, Chris Barker, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, Harrison Wiener, James Hughes, James McIntosh, John & Becki Johnston, Keith Bopp, Kelly J Knight, Ken Lee, Kyle, KyQuan Phong, Manoj Kasyap Govindaraju, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Sheldon Zhao, Simen Nerleir, and Tim Robinson Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive Select footage courtesy Bigstock: http://bit.ly/bigstock-videofreetrial BNSF train clip courtesy Scott Hiddelston References [1] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?year_high_desc=true [2] https://geog.ucsb.edu/poles-of-inaccessibility/ [3] https://business.un.org/en/entities/13 [4] https://www.prb.org/rippleeffectspopulationandcoastalregions/ [5] https://uic.org/IMG/pdf/synopsis_2014.pdf [6] https://www.bts.gov/content/average-freight-revenue-ton-mile [7] https://www.economist.com/briefing/2010/07/22/high-speed-railroading [8] https://www.bts.gov/content/average-freight-revenue-ton-mile [9] https://www.up.com/cs/groups/public/@uprr/@investor/documents/investordocuments/pdf_2017_r-1.pdf [10] http://www.bayrailalliance.org/why_trains [11] https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/a5314/4345689/ [12] http://www.nationalpost.com/long+trains/4348592/story.html [13] https://www.railwaygazette.com/analysis/single-news/view/whither-the-train-crew.html [14] http://bangordailynews.com/2013/07/17/news/penobscot/railroad-union-negotiating-with-montreal-maine-and-atlantic-says-one-man-train-crews-unsafe/ [15] http://trn.trains.com/~/media/files/pdf/map-of-the-month/tm0504-bnsf-crew-districts.pdf [16] https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/49/appendix-A_to_part_228 [17] https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.php?page=coal_prices [18] http://www.bnsf.com/ship-with-bnsf/maps-and-shipping-locations/pdf/intermodal-map-large.pdf [19] https://www.economist.com/briefing/2010/07/22/high-speed-railroading [20] https://www.openrailwaymap.org [21] https://www.economist.com/briefing/2010/07/22/high-speed-railroading [22] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2jIYyu1cNgI [23] https://www.joc.com/rail-intermodal/class-i-railroads/csx-transportation/csx-informs-shippers-additional-service-changes-september_20180815.html [24] https://www.up.com/cs/groups/public/@uprr/@customers/@announcements/@intermodal/documents/ms-nativedocuments/wcccon1032504.xlsx [25] https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/28/us/politics/trump-truck-driver-shortage.html [26] https://www.progressiverailroading.com/federal_legislation_regulation/news/Rail-groups-ask-Congress-to-oppose-lifting-truck-weight-size-limits--56873 [27] https://theloadstar.com/truck-driver-shortage-crisis-now-spreading-across-whole-europe/ [28] https://www.railjournal.com/in_depth/sci-study-forecasts-upturn-in-global-rail-market [29] https://www.nap.edu/read/11977/chapter/7#82

Manage your passwords with Dashlane for free at https://www.Dashlane.com/Wendover Get 10% off upgrading to premium by using the code, “Wendover” at checkout Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Check out my personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington and Elise Heersink Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Alec M Watson, Andrew J Thom, Arkadiy Kulev, Chris Allen, Chris Barker, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, Harrison Wiener, James Hughes, James McIntosh, John & Becki Johnston, Keith Bopp, Kelly J Knight, Ken Lee, Kyle, KyQuan Phong, Manoj Kasyap Govindaraju, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Sheldon Zhao, Simen Nerleir, and Tim Robinson Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive Select footage courtesy Bigstock: http://bit.ly/bigstock-videofreetrial Satellite imagery provided by Google Earth Studio References [1] http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/china/nanjing.pdf [2] http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Publications/pdf/c-c21.pdf [3] http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924023464278/cu31924023464278_djvu.txt [4] http://ebook.lib.hku.hk/HKG/B36227845.pdf [5] https://books.google.com/books?id=iWxKQejMtlMC&pg=PA370&lpg=PA370&dq=%22as+good+as+forever%22+hong+kong&source=bl&ots=0TUbzwRPhd&sig=ACfU3U1aeXWL0zzvVfDOreLMzzMBbj9Zdg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjKhIX1xKrgAhWRnOAKHRP6AKAQ6AEwCHoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22as%20good%20as%20forever%22%20hong%20kong&f=false [6] https://www.atkearney.com/documents/20152/1136372/2018+Global+Cities+Report.pdf/21839da3-223b-8cec-a8d2-408285d4bb7c [7] https://eh.net/encyclopedia/economic-history-of-hong-kong/ [8] https://fee.org/articles/lessons-in-liberty-hong-kong-crown-jewel-of-capitalism/ [9] https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/23/world/mrs-thatcher-meets-zhao-in-peking.html [10] https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=F8W7BwAAQBAJ&pg=PT63&lpg=PT63&dq=kowloon+lease+perpetuity&source=bl&ots=HERDHZh37B&sig=ACfU3U0IjK46auwGxNOEHtB-CB5alo1P9Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii-5ST98fgAhVuRRUIHVBnBuMQ6AEwEHoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=kowloon%20lease%20perpetuity&f=false [11] https://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1073&context=bjil [12] https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/gsb/files/publication-pdf/Handover%20in%20Hong%20Kong%20FINAL.pdf [13] https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/gsb/files/publication-pdf/Handover%20in%20Hong%20Kong%20FINAL.pdf [14] http://ezproxy.library.usyd.edu.au/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy1.library.usyd.edu.au/docview/1540883841?accountid=14757 [15] https://www.timeout.com/hong-kong/blog/emigration-generation-will-hong-kong-experience-another-a-brain-drain-110816 [16] https://www.hongkongfp.com/2017/06/24/hk20-looking-back-hongkongers-emigrated-handover/ [17] https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/14/world/for-many-from-hong-kong-vancouver-is-a-way-station.html [18] https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/2157756/what-british-national-overseas-passport-and-what-holder [19] https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200607/ldhansrd/text/70322w0001.htm#07032278000003 [20] https://www.gov.uk/types-of-british-nationality/british-national-overseas [21] https://web.archive.org/web/20071107174623/http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/97/0620/hkorganizers.html [22] http://ezproxy.library.usyd.edu.au/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy1.library.usyd.edu.au/docview/265323861?accountid=14757 [23] https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/article/1866866/what-colonial-symbols-might-they-target-after-hong-kongs-royal-postboxes [24] https://www.hongkongfp.com/2015/10/05/hongkong-post-to-cover-royal-cyphers-on-59-historic-post-boxes/ [25] http://ezproxy.library.usyd.edu.au/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy1.library.usyd.edu.au/docview/265394850?accountid=14757 [26] http://ezproxy.library.usyd.edu.au/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy1.library.usyd.edu.au/docview/265375446?accountid=14757 [27] http://ezproxy.library.usyd.edu.au/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy1.library.usyd.edu.au/docview/265375446?accountid=14757 [28] http://www.cnd.org/CND-Global/CND-Global.97.2nd/CND-Global.97-06-30a.html

Try Brilliant out for free at http://Brilliant.org/Wendover The first 200 people to use that link will also get 20% off their annual premium subscription Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Check out my personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington and Elise Heersink Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Alec M Watson, Andrew J Thom, Arkadiy Kulev, Chris Allen, Chris Barker, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, Harrison Wiener, James Hughes, James McIntosh, John & Becki Johnston, Keith Bopp, Kelly J Knight, Ken Lee, Kyle, KyQuan Phong, Manoj Kasyap Govindaraju, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Sheldon Zhao, Simen Nerleir, and Tim Robinson Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive Select footage courtesy Bigstock: http://bit.ly/bigstock-videofreetrial References [1] https://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/the-world’s-biggest-bomb-about-this-episode/846/ [2] https://www.militaryaerospace.com/articles/2017/05/trident-ii-d5-submarine-nuclear-missiles.html; https://www.militaryaerospace.com/articles/2017/05/trident-ii-d5-submarine-nuclear-missiles.html [3] https://www.military.com/equipment/ssbn-fleet-ballistic-missile-submarine [4] https://newatlas.com/future-submarines-modern-warfare/49896/ [5] https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/navy-ships/a21204892/nuclear-missile-submarines-chart/ [6] https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/north-koreas-new-ballistic-missile-submarine-proves-one-thing-25277; https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/introducing-israels-deadly-dolphin-class-submarine-armed-nuclear-weapons-40272 [7] https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/navy-ships/a24071288/the-navys-next-attack-submarine-will-be-big-expensive/ [8] https://www.economist.com/technology-quarterly/2018/03/08/mutually-assured-detection [9] https://news.usni.org/2018/11/12/first-nuclear-deterrence-patrol-marks-major-step-indian-submarine-force [10] http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/36824917/trident-what-are-the-letters-of-last-resort [11] https://fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/slbm/ssbn-726.htm [12] https://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=4100&tid=200&ct=4 [13] https://www.stripes.com/news/on-a-submarine-ordinary-activities-are-anything-but-routine-1.93230 [14] http://americanhistory.si.edu/subs/operating/aboard/leisure/index.html [15] https://www.public.navy.mil/bupers-npc/enlisted/community/submarine/Documents/EWIS%20CCC_Fleet_Brief_Final.pdf [16] https://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=34251 [17] https://www.military.com/daily-news/2015/10/16/submarine-force-now-24hour-work-day.html [18] https://fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/slbm/ssbn-726.htm [19] https://www.wearethemighty.com/articles/this-is-what-its-like-inside-the-worlds-largest-submarine [20] https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/06/politics/life-on-uss-missouri-nuclear-submarine/index.html [21] https://www.navy.mil/ah_online/ftrStory.asp?issue=3&id=86409 [22] https://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=95177 [23] https://www.quora.com/If-you-are-deployed-on-a-US-submarine-and-a-close-relative-dies-do-they-surface-and-allow-you-to-go-home-for-the-funeral [24] http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=242 [25] http://www.vlf.it/zevs/zevs.htm [26] https://sites.google.com/site/elfulfcommunication/home/specifications [27] https://www.seradata.com/submarines-look-to-ka-band-to-increase-bandwidth-of-satellite-burst-transmissions/ [28] https://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/submarine4.htm [29] https://www.navlab.net/Publications/Introduction_to_Inertial_Navigation.pdf [30] https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/2009-two-nuclear-submarines-collided-under-the-sea-they-were-18690 [31] https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/submarines-about-become-obsolete-27597 [32] https://www.bbc.com/news/10130909 [33] http://americanhistory.si.edu/subs/work/missions/warfare/index.html [34] https://www.globalfirepower.com/navy-submarines.asp

Try Brilliant out for free at http://Brilliant.org/Wendover The first 200 people to use that link will also get 20% off their annual premium subscription Note: Zipline paid a portion of travel expenses for this video as a courtesy. Wendover Productions retained full creative control. Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Check out my personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington and Jorrit van Ginnkel (http://createjor.nl) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Alec M Watson, Andrew J Thom, Arkadiy Kulev, Chris Allen, Chris Barker, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, Harrison Wiener, James Hughes, James McIntosh, John & Becki Johnston, Keith Bopp, Kelly J Knight, Ken Lee, Kyle, KyQuan Phong, Manoj Kasyap Govindaraju, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Sheldon Zhao, Simen Nerleir, and Tim Robinson Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive Select footage courtesy Bigstock: http://bit.ly/bigstock-videofreetrial Pond Inlet Footage Courtesy Fondation Tara Expéditions Crystal Serenity Footage Courtesy Crystal Cruises [1] https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb165.jsp [2] https://www.mlo-online.com/medics-now-doing-blood-transfusions-in-ambulances-saving-lives-with-whole-blood [3] https://www.engadget.com/2018/06/06/future-of-synthetic-blood/ [4] https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/11/the-shelf-life-of-donor-blood/ [5] https://www.som.cranfield.ac.uk/som/dinamic-content/media/knowledgeinterchange/researchbytes/Logistics/Blood%20Supply%20Chain/True%20Blood%20Article.pdf [6] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=RW-GB [7] http://www.citypopulation.de/UK-UA.html [8] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?locations=ZG&year_high_desc=true; https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=ZG&year_high_desc=true [9] https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/03/rwandas-health-care-miracle/?_r=0 [10] https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/02/rwandas-historic-health-recovery-what-the-us-might-learn/273226/; https://news.trust.org/item/20170821144058-29rg6/ [11] http://www.mininfra.gov.rw/uploads/media/Public_Transport_Policy_and_strategy_for_Rwanda_02.pdf [12] http://bca.coop/products-services/blood-products/platelets/

Learn what you want to learn for free for two months by being one of the first 500 to sign up at http://skl.sh/wendover4 Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Check out my personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/sam.from.wendover Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington and Jorrit van Ginnkel (http://createjor.nl) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Alec M Watson, Andrew J Thom, Arkadiy Kulev, Chris Allen, Chris Barker, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, Harrison Wiener, James Hughes, James McIntosh, John & Becki Johnston, Keith Bopp, Kelly J Knight, Ken Lee, Kyle, KyQuan Phong, Manoj Kasyap Govindaraju, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Sheldon Zhao, Simen Nerleir, and Tim Robinson Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive Select footage courtesy Bigstock: http://bit.ly/bigstock-videofreetrial Pond Inlet Footage Courtesy Fondation Tara Expéditions Crystal Serenity Footage Courtesy Crystal Cruises References: [1] http://ocean.dmi.dk/arctic/meant80n.uk.php [2] https://www.noaa.gov/media-release/arctic-saw-2nd-warmest-year-smallest-winter-sea-ice-coverage-on-record-in-2017 [3] https://mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=ISTANBUL; https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/normales-records/1981-2010/paris-montsouris/valeurs/07156.html [4] https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/cv.action?pid=3610022201 [5] https://web.archive.org/web/20110524063547/http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/phys01-eng.htm [6] https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-1.pdf; https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?0=1200&isuri=1&reqid=70&step=10&1=1&2=200&3=sic&4=1&5=xx&6=-1&7=-1&8=-1&9=70&10=levels#reqid=70&step=10&isuri=1&7003=200&7035=-1&7004=naics&7005=1&7006=xx&7036=-1&7001=1200&7002=1&7090=70&7007=-1&7093=levels [7] https://web.archive.org/web/20131224114901/http://www.yrittajat.fi/File/4da60391-ce62-401d-9d10-3fb9c5eaae20/Lapin%20suhdannekatsaus_150813.pdf; https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=FI [8] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=GL&view=chart [9] https://www.lapland.fi/business/laplands-tourism-growth/ [10] https://www.lapland.fi/business/infographic-lapland-passenger-traffic-monthly/ [11] https://www.alaskatia.org/marketing/AVSP%20VII/3.%20AVSP%207%20Visitor%20Volume.pdf; http://www.tc.gov.yk.ca/pdf/2017_Year_End_Report_FINAL.pdf; https://www.nunavuttourism.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2015_nunavut_visitor_exit_report_english_-_final_0.pdf; https://www.gov.nt.ca/en/newsroom/20172018-tourism-numbers-breaks-records-again; https://en.visitsvalbard.com/dbimgs/Gjestestatistikk%20per%20mai%202018.pdf [12] http://www.tourismstat.gl [13] https://www.gov.nu.ca/master-itinerary/master-nunavut-cruise-ship-itinerary-2018 [14] https://gov.nu.ca/sites/default/files/master_nunavut_cruise_ship_itinerary_2015_-_version_june_17.pdf; https://www.gov.nu.ca/sites/default/files/nunavut-cruise-ship_itinerary-1-july-2016-en.pdf; https://www.gov.nu.ca/master-itinerary/master-nunavut-cruise-ship-itinerary-2017 [15] https://www.adventure-life.com/northwest-passage [16] https://nunavutnews.com/nunavut-news/pond-inlet-seeks-ways-to-use-cruise-ship-tourism-proceeds-2/ [17] https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-complicated-relationship-between-cruise-ships-and-the-arctic-inuit [18] http://www.espg.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/5-C-TAC_Pond-Inlet_En.pdf [19] https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/24/business/worldbusiness/24iht-arctic.4.14767779.html [20] https://www.rystadenergy.com/newsevents/news/press-releases/global-liquids-cost-curve [21] https://www.npr.org/2018/11/21/669373081/climate-change-slows-oil-company-plan-to-drill-in-the-arctic [22] https://www.ssb.no/a/english/publikasjoner/pdf/sa84_en/sa84_en.pdf [23] https://www.ssb.no/a/english/publikasjoner/pdf/sa84_en/sa84_en.pdf [24] https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/tourists_turned_off_by_finlands_unusual_black_lapland_cancel_holiday_jaunts/10521551 [25] https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/arctic-meteorology/arctic-people.html

Sign up for free at http://Brilliant.org/Wendover The first 200 to use that link will also get 20% off their annual premium subscription Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Check out my personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Instagram: http://Instagram.com/Wendover.Productions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions References: [1] https://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2011/10/18/how-many-people-live-near-the [2] https://web.archive.org/web/20180906195559/http://www.nvr.navy.mil/SHIPDETAILS/SHIPSDETAIL_CVN_68_5151.HTML [3] https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/cdg-design.htm; http://www.parisaeroport.fr/docs/default-source/groupe-fichiers/presse/cp_janvier-mars-2017/fr-cp-trafic-decembre-2016.pdf?sfvrsn=2 [4] https://www.navy.mil/navydata/ships/carriers/powerhouse/cvbg.asp [5] https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/how-the-worlds-first-nuclear-powered-aircraft-carrier-19491 [6] https://web.archive.org/web/20120119091625/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/The-Fleet/Ships/Future-Ships/Queen-Elizabeth-Class/Facts-and-Figures [7] https://nimitznews.wordpress.com/2017/02/15/sail-mail-the-nimitz-post-office/ [8] https://www.embraercommercialaviation.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Embraer_spec_145_web.pdf [9] https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/step-aboard-nimitz-class-aircraft-carrier-reason-why-us-navy-unstoppable-25356 [10] https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/navy-ships/a24409627/aircraft-carrier-obsolete/ Animation by Josh Sherrington and Jorrit van Ginnkel (http://createjor.nl) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Alec M Watson, Andrew J Thom, Arkadiy Kulev, Chris Allen, Chris Barker, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, Harrison Wiener, James Hughes, James McIntosh, John & Becki Johnston, Keith Bopp, Kelly J Knight, Ken Lee, Kyle, KyQuan Phong, Manoj Kasyap Govindaraju, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Sheldon Zhao, Simen Nerleir, and Tim Robinson Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive

Build your website for 10% off at http://Squarespace.com/Wendover Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Check out my personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions References: [1] https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/30/opinion/from-newark-over-the-north-pole.html [2] https://www.airbus.com/aircraft/passenger-aircraft/a350xwb-family/a350-900.html#xtra; https://www.airbus.com/aircraft/previous-generation-aircraft/a340-family/a340-500.html#details [3] https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1sGzdg_MEy-42C2kMqIlEPINefXLaXhsnJJVvDH36WU4/edit#gid=0 [4] https://ycharts.com/indicators/jet_fuel_spot_price [5] https://www.emirates.com/au/english/about-us/global-presence/emirates-and-australia.aspx; https://blueswandaily.com/singapore-airlines-group-to-top-100000-seats-weekly-in-australia-this-year/ [6] https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/hong-kong-economy/article/2173004/threat-cathay-pacific-and-hong-kong-qantas-says-non [7] https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=2ahUKEwjng9-V94bfAhWIjVkKHRKBAYkQFjABegQICRAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Finvestor.qantas.com%2FDownloadFile.axd%3Ffile%3D%2FReport%2FComNews%2F20180823%2F02012790.pdf&usg=AOvVaw27Aju6CA3xUiZacUWMnsRN [8] https://centreforaviation.com/news/qantas-considering-new-route-development-to-europe-instead-of-perth-london-capacity-increaseceo-853369 [9] https://airwaysmag.com/airlines/virgin-atlantic-mulls-london-perth-flight/ [10] https://www.ausbt.com.au/turkish-airlines-wants-istanbul-sydney-flights-by-june-2019 Animation by Josh Sherrington and Jorrit van Ginnkel (http://createjor.nl) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Alec M Watson, Andrew J Thom, Arkadiy Kulev, Chris Allen, Chris Barker, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, Harrison Wiener, James Hughes, James McIntosh, John & Becki Johnston, Keith Bopp, Kelly J Knight, Ken Lee, Kyle, KyQuan Phong, Manoj Kasyap Govindaraju, MyNameIsKir, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Sheldon Zhao, Simen Nerleir, and Tim Robinson Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive Footage Attributions (all clips Creative Commons, copyright free, or cleared with owner): Cathay Pacific 777 landing shot courtesy PDX Aviation a350 landing shot courtesy ZurichAirportSpotter UPS footage courtesy UPS Singapore Airlines a350 footage courtesy Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and Aviateur European Plane Spotted Virgin Atlantic a340 footage courtesy Runway Fun Qantas 787 footage courtesy Aviation Insider

Build your website for 10% off at http://Squarespace.com/Wendover Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Check out my personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions References: [1] https://www.economist.com/china/2017/01/13/china-has-built-the-worlds-largest-bullet-train-network [2] https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups [3] http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/451551468241176543/pdf/932270BRI0Box30ffic020140final000EN.pdf [4] https://www.oag.com/on-time-performance-star-ratings-2018 [5] https://www.export.gov/article?id=China-Aviation [6] https://translate.google.com.au/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fpolitics.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F14562%2F10317457.html&edit-text=&act=url [7] https://www.ft.com/content/ca28f58a-955d-11e8-b747-fb1e803ee64e [8] http://www.hsr.ca.gov/docs/about/business_plans/Draft_2018_Business_Plan.pdf [9] https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/25483/892000BRI0Box3000china0transport09.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y [10] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ralf_Wilhelms/publication/280924889_Social_Benefits_As_Part_In_The_Economic_Evaluation_Of_High_Speed_Rail/links/55cb933508aebc967dfe1a03/Social-Benefits-As-Part-In-The-Economic-Evaluation-Of-High-Speed-Rail.pdf [11] http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-05/05/c_137158303.htm [12] https://www.economist.com/china/2017/01/13/china-has-built-the-worlds-largest-bullet-train-network Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Alec Watson, Andrew J Thom, Braam Snyman, Bryan Yip, Chris Allen, Chris Barker, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, Harry Hendel, James Hughes, James McIntosh, John & Becki, Johnston, Keith Bopp, Kelly J Knight, Ken Lee, KyQuan, Phong, manoj kasyap govindaraju, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Robin Pulkkinen, Sheldon Zhao, Simen Nerleir, Tim Robinson China airspace time-lapse courtesy FlightRadar24.com Air China 747 landing shot courtesy ZurichAirportSpotter China Eastern 737 takeoff shot courtesy PDX Aviation Tibet railway shots courtesy Steven Chen and PK Long Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive

Build your website for 10% off at http://Squarespace.com/Wendover Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Check out my personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions References: [1] https://www.statista.com/statistics/253416/global-gambling-market-gross-win/ [2] http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReports/PDF/NYSE_MET_2017.pdf [3] https://twitter.com/wendoverpro/status/1054533498722111488 [4] https://www.nber.org/papers/w18237.pdf [5] https://twitter.com/wendoverpro/status/1054533837328281600 [6] https://twitter.com/wendoverpro/status/1054534236642795522 [7] http://www.its.caltech.edu/~snowberg/papers/Snowberg-Wolfers%20Risk%20Love%20or%20Decision%20Weights-NBER.pdf [8] http://www.football-data.co.uk/blog/favourite_longshot_bias_tennis.php [9] https://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/02/the-bp-spill-and-the-favorite-longshot-bias/ [10] https://ac-els-cdn-com.ezproxy1.library.usyd.edu.au/S0167268114002194/1-s2.0-S0167268114002194-main.pdf?_tid=6aac86b2-7e4a-46d0-bf4d-5ab70e8db750&acdnat=1540355242_b9bcf6d0549207112968a3467b39a9a0 [11] https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/08-061_17c22e32-fe06-4b4a-8b5e-e09227fc8104.pdf [12] https://www.commissions.leg.state.mn.us/ladder/120511prizelinkedsavingsFAQs.pdf Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Alec Watson, Andrew J Thom, Braam Snyman, Bryan Yip, Chris Allen, Chris Barker, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, Harry Hendel, James Hughes, James McIntosh, John & Becki, Johnston, Keith Bopp, Kelly J Knight, Ken Lee, KyQuan, Phong, manoj kasyap govindaraju, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Robin Pulkkinen, Sheldon Zhao, Simen Nerleir, Tim Robinson Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive

Assassin’s Creed Odyssey is Out Now: http://ubi.li/wssat Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Check out my personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions References: [1] https://www.pdx.edu/econ/country-geography-data [2] http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/studies/pdf/montagne/mount4.pdf [3] Equation is y=-4.239E-6x+.4774 based off of http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/studies/pdf/montagne/mount4.pdf [4] http://www.grida.no/resources/5032 [5] Equation is y=-5.987E-5x+51.489 based off of https://statpedia.com/stat/Average_Yearly_Temperature_by_Country/HJd7OcGK [6] https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/geopolitics-greece-sea-its-heart [7] http://www.visitgreece.gr/en/greek_islands [8] https://www.pwc.com/gr/en/publications/greek-thought-leadership/infrastracture-in-greece-2016-en.pdf [9] https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/sites/taxation/files/study_and_reports_on_the_vat_gap_2017.pdf [10] http://www.globalports.com/globalports/about-us/our-industry-overview/container-market/key-russian-gateways#Black%20Sea%20Basin [11] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS?locations=GR [12] https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic-impact-research/countries-2018/greece2018.pdf [13] https://tradingeconomics.com/greece/tourist-arrivals Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Alec Watson, Andrew J Thom, Braam Snyman, Bryan Yip, Chris Allen, Chris Barker, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, Harry Hendel, James Hughes, James McIntosh, John & Becki, Johnston, Keith Bopp, Kelly J Knight, Ken Lee, KyQuan, Phong, manoj kasyap govindaraju, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Robin Pulkkinen, Sheldon Zhao, Simen Nerleir, Tim Robinson Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive

Learn with Brilliant for 20% off by being one of the first 200 to sign up at http://www.Brilliant.org/Wendover Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Check out my personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Alec Watson, Andrew J Thom, Braam Snyman, Bryan Yip, Chris Allen, Chris Barker, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, Harry Hendel, James Hughes, James McIntosh, John & Becki, Johnston, Keith Bopp, Kelly J Knight, Ken Lee, KyQuan, Phong, manoj kasyap govindaraju, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Robin Pulkkinen, Sheldon Zhao, Simen Nerleir, Tim Robinson Cathay Pacific landing, Delta CRJ700, Delta a330 videos courtesy PDX Aviation a320 cockpit shot courtesy Fly&Like w/Simulation and Aviation a321 cockpit landing shot courtesy Cockpit View Xiamin Airlines footage courtesy Schiphol Airport Emirates a380 footage courtesy TK Spotting Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive

Build your website with Squarespace for 10% off by going to http://squarespace.com/Wendover Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Check out my personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters Alec Watson, Andrew J Thom, Braam Snyman, Bryan Yip, Chris Allen, Chris Barker, Connor J Smith, Daddy Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hank Green, Harry Hendel, James Hughes, James McIntosh, John & Becki, Johnston, Keith Bopp, Kelly J Knight, Ken Lee, KyQuan, Phong, manoj kasyap govindaraju, Plinio Correa, Qui Le, Robin Pulkkinen, Sheldon Zhao, Simen Nerleir, Tim Robinson Music by http://epidemicsound.com Select footage courtesy the AP Archive #wildfire #explained #educational

Start learning with Brilliant for free at http://Brilliant.org/Wendover The first 200 to sign up for a premium account with that link will also get 20% off. Check out my personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters James McIntosh, Braam Snyman, Harry Handel, KyQuan Phong, Kelly J Knight, Robin Pulkkinen, Sheldon Zhao, Nader Farzan, James Hughes, Ken Lee, Victor Zimmer, Dylan Benson, Simenn Nerlier, Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Qui Le, Chris Barker, Andrew J Thom, Keith Bopp, Alec M Watson, Chris Allen, John & Becki Johnston, Connor J Smith, Arkadiy Kulev, Eyal Matsliah, Joseph Bull, Hank Green, and Plinio Correa Music by http://epidemicsound.com

Start learning with Brilliant for free at http://Brilliant.org/Wendover The first 200 to sign up for a premium account with that link will also get 20% off. Check out my personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters James McIntosh, Braam Snyman, Harry Handel, KyQuan Phong, Kelly J Knight, Robin Pulkkinen, Sheldon Zhao, Nader Farzan, James Hughes, Ken Lee, Victor Zimmer, Dylan Benson, Simenn Nerlier, Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Qui Le, Chris Barker, Andrew J Thom, Keith Bopp, Alec M Watson, Chris Allen, John & Becki Johnston, Connor J Smith, Arkadiy Kulev, Eyal Matsliah, Joseph Bull, Hank Green, and Plinio Correa Otjivero Dam footage courtesy Drone Visions Namibia Music by http://epidemicsound.com

Watch the video I made for Squarespace: https://youtu.be/h3wWyaWpRtY Check out my new personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Bard Edlund (http://www.edlundart.com/) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Special thanks to Patreon supporters James McIntosh, Braam Snyman, Harry Handel, KyQuan Phong, Kelly J Knight, Robin Pulkkinen, Sheldon Zhao, Nader Farzan, James Hughes, Ken Lee, Victor Zimmer, Dylan Benson, Simenn Nerlier, Donald, Etienne Dechamps, Qui Le, Chris Barker, Andrew J Thom, Keith Bopp, Alec M Watson, Chris Allen, John & Becki Johnston, Connor J Smith, Arkadiy Kulev, Eyal Matsliah, Joseph Bull, Hank Green, and Plinio Correa Attributions Lufthansa Cargo shot courtesy Lufthansa Cargo Heathrow t5 exterior shot courtesy Isea Swarm Heathrow check-in shot courtesy Travel Collector Heathrow ATC tower shot courtesy Tony Hisgett Heathrow bus shot courtesy Ed Webster Heathrow t2 interior shot courtesy Diliff Heathrow connections shot courtesy Terminal 5 Insider The 5 Tuns shot courtesy Ewan Munro Harrods shot courtesy MaryG90 a380 pushback shot courtesy Saad Sarfraz Sheikh 747 landing footage courtesy Umar Mansoor Music by http://epidemicsound.com

Buy The Crew 2, available now from the Ubisoft Store for Xbox One, PlayStation 4 and PC http://ubi.li/74cnt Watch the related video by Real Engineering: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xz8RRxYwrhg Check out my new personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Big thanks to Patreon supporters: James McIntosh, Braam Snyman, Harry Hendel, KyQuaan Phong, M, Robin Pulkkinen, Sheldon Zhao, Kenneth Johnson, Nader Farsan, Juan Rodriguez, James Hughes, Ken Lee, Victor Zimmer, Dylan Benson, Etienne Dechamps, James Prior, Qui Le, Chris Barker, Andrew J Thom, Keith Bopp, Alec M Watson, Chris Allen, John & Becki Johnston, Connor J Smith, Arkadiy Kulev, Eyal Matsliah, Joseph Bull, Hank Green, Plinnio Correa Music by Epidemic Sound Select creative commons footage courtesy: https://www.youtube.com/user/Italiansupercarvideo https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyIjdq-TnsCxDBWZYuss9Xg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nAwYwmVlH8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZbhpKD1oRQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ncTrVi6Fb8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nY0GMUfYqd8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKHuHk4Tf8I https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SluqY82p3Aw https://redbullracing.redbull.com/article/wooden-hill

Try out 21,000 classes for free for two months on Skillshare by signing up at http://skl.sh/wendover3 Check out my new personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions To learn more about this subject, read the Stratfor analysis of Brazil upon which this video was based: https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/geopolitics-brazil-emergent-powers-struggle-geography Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Big thanks to Patreon supporters: James McIntosh, Braam Snyman, Harry Hendel, KyQuaan Phong, M, Robin Pulkkinen, Sheldon Zhao, Kenneth Johnson, Nader Farsan, Juan Rodriguez, James Hughes, Ken Lee, Victor Zimmer, Dylan Benson, Etienne Dechamps, James Prior, Qui Le, Chris Barker, Andrew J Thom, Keith Bopp, Alec M Watson, Chris Allen, John & Becki Johnston, Connor J Smith, Arkadiy Kulev, Eyal Matsliah, Joseph Bull, Hank Green, Plinnio Correa

Start learning with Brilliant for 20% off by being one of the first 200 people to sign up at https://Brilliant.org/Wendover Check out my new personal channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDA1X6RrhzZQOHOGvC3KsWg Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Simon Buckmaster Music: "Organic Foundation" by Niklas Gustavsson "Fouh" by Twelwe, "My Luck" by Broke For Free, and "Namaste" by Audionautix Big thanks to Patreon supporters: James McIntosh, Braam Snyman, Harry Hendel, KyQuaan Phong, M, Robin Pulkkinen, Sheldon Zhao, Kenneth Johnson, Nader Farsan, Juan Rodriguez, James Hughes, Ken Lee, Victor Zimmer, Dylan Benson, Etienne Dechamps, James Prior, Qui Le, Chris Barker, Andrew J Thom, Keith Bopp, Alec M Watson, Chris Allen, John & Becki Johnston, Connor J Smith, Arkadiy Kulev, Eyal Matsliah, Joseph Bull, Hank Green, Plinnio Correa

Try Squarespace for free at http://squarespace.com/wendover and then when you’re ready to launch, use the code “wendover” for 10% off Check out the behind the scenes video on my new channel: https://youtu.be/cNYJH4MQDuo Get the Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://standard.tv/collections/wendover-productions/products/wendover-productions-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: http://apple.co/2ydYZOd (iTunes link) http://bit.ly/2gyeFle (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joe Cieplinski (http://joecieplinski.com/) Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Harry Hendel, KyQuan Phong, M, Dani Torres, James Hughes, Michael Javault, Pete, Ken Lee, Victor Zimmer, Dylan Benson, Etienne Dechamps, Alec M Watson, Nathaniel Lawrence, Chris Allen, John & Becki Johnston, Connor J Smith, Arkadiy Kulev, Eyal Matsliah, Joseph Bull, Hank Green, Plinio Correa Music: Flutter by Gravity, Connection by Wayne Jones, Hydra by Huma-Huma, Sunrise Drive by South London HiFi, Sunday by Otis McDonald, and Under Suspicion by Lee Rosevere

First 100 people to sign up for Blue Apron here get $50 off your first two weeks: https://cook.ba/2vk2m5R Sponsored by Blue Apron Check out my behind the scenes video on my new channel: https://youtu.be/5N3aZTT3TRw Pre-order our t-shirt with the new logo: https://store.dftba.com/products/wend... Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteres... Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: http://apple.co/2ydYZOd (iTunes link) http://bit.ly/2gyeFle (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverprodu... Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProduc... Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joe Cieplinski (http://joecieplinski.com/) Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Harry Hendel, KyQuan Phong, M, Dani Torres, James Hughes, Michael Javault, Pete, Ken Lee, Victor Zimmer, Dylan Benson, Etienne Dechamps, Alec M Watson, Nathaniel Lawrence, Chris Allen, John & Becki Johnston, Connor J Smith, Arkadiy Kulev, Eyal Matsliah, Joseph Bull, Hank Green, Plinio Correa

Get $20 off your Away suitcase by going to http://www.awaytravel.com/wendover and using the code “wendover” at check out Watch my appearance on StarTalk with Neil deGrasse Tyson: https://youtu.be/OTEIbWy8AvY Check out the behind the scenes video on my new channel: https://youtu.be/5N3aZTT3TRw Pre-order our new t-shirt with the new logo: https://store.dftba.com/products/wend... Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteres... Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: http://apple.co/2ydYZOd (iTunes link) http://bit.ly/2gyeFle (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverprodu... Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProduc... Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joe Cieplinski (http://joecieplinski.com/) Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Harry Hendel, KyQuan Phong, M, Dani Torres, James Hughes, Michael Javault, Pete, Ken Lee, Victor Zimmer, Dylan Benson, Etienne Dechamps, Alec M Watson, Nathaniel Lawrence, Chris Allen, John & Becki Johnston, Connor J Smith, Arkadiy Kulev, Eyal Matsliah, Joseph Bull, Hank Green, Plinio Correa Outro song by Ryan Little

Get 20% off Brilliant premium by being one of the first 97 to sign up at http://brilliant.org/wendover Pre-order our new tshirt with the new logo: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-logo-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: http://apple.co/2ydYZOd (iTunes link) http://bit.ly/2gyeFle (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverprodu... Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProduc... Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Harry Hendel, KyQuan Phong, M, Dani Torres, James Hughes, Michael Javault, Pete, Ken Lee, Victor Zimmer, Dylan Benson, Etienne Dechamps, Alec M Watson, Nathaniel Lawrence, Chris Allen, John & Becki Johnston, Connor J Smith, Arkadiy Kulev, Eyal Matsliah, Joseph Bull, Hank Green, Plinio Correa Music: “White Hats” by Wayne Jones, “Final Transmission Home” by Amaranth Cove, “Connection” by Wayne Jones, and “Slow Lights” by Lee Rosevere Concordia Station footage courtesy Paride Legovini: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCjoTJFbLcI Lake Untersee footage courtesy sumnerd: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXlYEJaJ66A McMurdo Station from Observation Hill footage courtesy JD: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JklAAeCrhJ0 South pole flags photo courtesy Amble Ice core video courtesy British Library: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LOwdiiO_F10 Antarctica microbial life video courtesy National Science Foundation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjEfZysVyPc Ice runway footage courtesy Trevor Layman McMurdo station photo courtesy Eli Duke McMurdo nighttime photos courtesy Alan Light, Ken Klassy, Kelly Speelman, Joshua Swanson Amundsen-Scott nighttime photos courtesy Jeremy Johnson, Dr Keith Vanderlinde

Build your website with Squarespace for 10% off at http://squarespace.com/wendover Pre-order our new tshirt with the new logo: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-logo-shirt Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: http://apple.co/2ydYZOd (iTunes link) http://bit.ly/2gyeFle (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joe Cieplinski (http://joecieplinski.com/) FedEx 767, Fedex a300, Allegiant Airlines Md-83, Prime Air video courtesy PDX aviation DHl a300 video courtesy LEJ.approach/dvldi UPS 747-8 video courtesy UPS FedEx footage courtesy FedEx Music: “Cielo” by Huma-Huma, “Rhodesia” By Twin Musicom, “Ticker” By Silent Partner, “Not for Nothing” By Otis McDonald Big thanks to Patreon supporters: M, Pete, Ken Lee, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Dylan Benson, Etienne Deschamps, Donald, Chris Allen, Abil Abdulla, Anson Leng, John & Becki Johnston, Connor J Smith, Arkadiy Kulev, Hagai Bloch Gabot, William Chappell, Eyal Matsliah, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Brady Bellini

Build your website with Squarespace for 10% off at http://Squarespace.com/HAI Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: http://apple.co/2ydYZOd (iTunes link) http://bit.ly/2gyeFle (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joe Cieplinski (http://joecieplinski.com/) “Divider” by Chris Zabriskie “Babylon Disco Ultralounge” by Kevin MacLeod“Cooperation Road” by Unicorn Heads, “Night Music” by Kevin Macleod, “Namaste” by Audionautix Big thanks to Patreon supporters: M, Pete, Ken Lee, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Dylan Benson, Etienne Deschamps, Donald, Chris Allen, Abil Abdulla, Anson Leng, John & Becki Johnston, Connor J Smith, Arkadiy Kulev, Hagai Bloch Gabot, William Chappell, Eyal Matsliah, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Brady Bellini

Get 3 free meals from Blue Apron at http://cook.ba/2CdixUK Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joe Cieplinski (http://joecieplinski.com/) Music: “Back Vibes Rollin at 5” by Kevin MacLeod, “Not for Nothing” by Otis McDonald, “Cold Funk Funkorama” by Kevin MacLeod, “It's Always Too Late To Start Over” by Chris Zabriskie, and “The Big Score” by MK2 American A321, Air Canada Q400 footage courtesy PDX Aviation Big thanks to Patreon supporters: M, Pete, Ken Lee, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Dylan Benson, Etienne Deschamps, Donald, Chris Allen, Abil Abdulla, Anson Leng, John & Becki Johnston, Connor J Smith, Arkadiy Kulev, Hagai Bloch Gabot, William Chappell, Eyal Matsliah, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Brady Bellini

Learn what you want to learn with Skillshare for free for two months at http://skl.sh/wendover2 Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joe Cieplinski (http://joecieplinski.com/) Music: "Stale Mate" by Jingle Punks, "Night Music" by Kevin MacLeod, "Thoughtful" by Lee Rosevere, "Cylinder Two" by Chris Zabriskie, "Precipice" by Twin Musicom Golden Rice photo courtesy International Rice Research Institute Big thanks to Patreon supporters: M, Pete, Ken Lee, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Dylan Benson, Etienne Deschamps, Donald, Chris Allen, Abil Abdulla, Anson Leng, John & Becki Johnston, Connor J Smith, Arkadiy Kulev, Hagai Bloch Gabot, William Chappell, Eyal Matsliah, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Brady Bellini

Build your website for 10% off by going to http://squarespace.com/wendover Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joe Cieplinski (http://joecieplinski.com/) Music: "So Far Away" by Riot, "Lithium" By Kevin MacLeod, "Hydra" by Huma Huma, "Namaste" by Audionautix, and "Raw Deal" by Gunnar Olsen Big thanks to Patreon supporters: M, Pete, Ken Lee, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Dylan Benson, Etienne Dechamps, Donald, Chris Allen, Abil Abdulla, Anson Leng, Johnn & Becki Johnston, Connor J Smith, Arkadiy Kulev, Hagai Bloch Gabot, William Chappell, Eyal Matsliah, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Brady Bellini

Get smart with Brilliant for 20% off by being one of the first 500 people to sign up at http://brilliant.org/wendover Subscribe to Half as Interesting (The other channel from Wendover Productions): https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joe Cieplinski (http://joecieplinski.com/) Nuclear reactor footage courtesy Canada Science and Technology Museum Spent fuel pool courtesy IAEA Imagebank Onkalo photo courtesy Posiva Music: "Raw Deal" by Gunner Olsen, "Divider" by Chris Zabriskie, "My Luck" by Broke for Free, and "I Wanted to Live" by Lee Rosevere Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Kevin Song, David Cichowski, Andy Tran, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Dylan Benson, M van Kasbergen, Etienne Dechamps, Adil Abdulla, Arunabh Chattopadhyay, Ieng Chi Hin, Ken Rutabana, John Johnston, Connor J Smith, Rob Harvey, Arkadiy Kulev, Hagai Bloch Gadot, Aitan Magence, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien Goh, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Brady Bellini

Build your website for 10% off over at http://squarespace.com/wendover Subscribe to this new channel from Wendover Productions: https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joe Cieplinski (http://joecieplinski.com/) E175 footage courtesy PDX Aviation Boeing footage courtesy Boeing Airbus footage courtesy Airbus Bombardier footage courtesy Bombardier Music: "Wake Up" by Kai Engel and "Bass Vibes Rollin at 5" by Kevin Macleod Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Kevin Song, Kevin Song, David Cichowski, Andy Tran, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Dylan Benson, M van Kasbergen, Etienne Dechamps, Adil Abdulla, Arunabh Chattopadhyay, Ieng Chi Hin, Ken Rutabana, John Johnston, Connor J Smith, Rob Harvey, Arkadiy Kulev, Hagai Bloch Gadot, Aitan Magence, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien Goh, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Brady Bellini

Get your custom domain at http://hover.com/wendover Check out Joseph from Real Life Lore's book: http://amzn.to/2laZBie Subscribe to this new channel from Wendover Productions: https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joe Cieplinski (http://joecieplinski.com/) Elon Musk Photo 1 courtesy Heisenberg Media SpaceX footage courtesy SpaceX Tesla footage courtesy Tesla Music: "Under Suspicion" by Lee Rosevere and "Euphoric" by Sound of Picture Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Kevin Song, Kevin Song, David Cichowski, Andy Tran, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Dylan Benson, M van Kasbergen, Etienne Dechamps, Adil Abdulla, Arunabh Chattopadhyay, Ieng Chi Hin, Ken Rutabana, John Johnston, Connor J Smith, Rob Harvey, Arkadiy Kulev, Hagai Bloch Gadot, Aitan Magence, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien Goh, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Brady Bellini

Build your beautiful website for 10% off at https://squarespace.com/wendover Subscribe to this brand new channel from Wendover Productions: https://www.youtube.com/halfasinteresting Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joe Cieplinski (http://joecieplinski.com/) This video was partially inspired by a chapter in Tim Marshall's "Prisoners of Geography": https://www.amazon.com/Prisoners-Geography-Everything-Global-Politics/dp/1783961414 Tibet highway photo by Matteo Melchior Potala Palace photo courtesy Ondřej Žváček Music: "Thoughtful" by Lee Rosevere and "Saver" by Podington Bear/Sound of Picture Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Kevin Song, Kevin Song, David Cichowski, Andy Tran, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Dylan Benson, M van Kasbergen, Etienne Dechamps, Adil Abdulla, Arunabh Chattopadhyay, Ieng Chi Hin, Ken Rutabana, John Johnston, Connor J Smith, Rob Harvey, Arkadiy Kulev, Hagai Bloch Gadot, Aitan Magence, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien Goh, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Brady Bellini

Learn for free for two months over at http://Skl.sh/wendover The Wendover Productions behind-the-scenes Skillshare course: http://skl.sh/wendover-class Subscribe to this brand new channel from Wendover Productions: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuCk... Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/s... (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10... (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverprodu... Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wend... Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProduc... Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joe Cieplinski (http://joecieplinski.com/) Streetcar POV footage courtesy David Lemon Portland streetcar footage courtesy Schrodinger's Press Modern streetcar POV footage courtesy Ramsay County Music: "Slow Lights" by Lee Rosevere, "Namaste" by Audionautix, and "Enigmatic" by Bensound Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Kevin Song, Kevin Song, David Cichowski, Andy Tran, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Dylan Benson, M van Kasbergen, Etienne Dechamps, Adil Abdulla, Arunabh Chattopadhyay, Ieng Chi Hin, Ken Rutabana, John Johnston, Connor J Smith, Rob Harvey, Arkadiy Kulev, Hagai Bloch Gadot, Aitan Magence, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien Goh, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Brady Bellini

Build your web presence for 10% off at http://squarespace.com/wendover Subscribe to this brand new channel from Wendover Productions: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuCkxoKLYO_EQ2GeFtbM_bw?sub_confirmation=1 Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Eastern Airlines 757 footage courtesy Eastern Airlines United and Delta 757 takeoff footage courtesy PDX Aviation (CC license) 737 Max footage courtesy Boeing a310 footage courtesy https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiDm3mmYiQkuFNdrC2oObNg (CC license) Airbus family flight footage courtesy Airbus Hyperloop footage courtesy Hyperloop One Airbus e-fan photo courtesy Julian Herzog Airbus e-fan video courtesy Airbus Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joe Cieplinski (http://joecieplinski.com/) Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Kevin Song, Kevin Song, David Cichowski, Andy Tran, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Dylan Benson, M van Kasbergen, Etienne Dechamps, Adil Abdulla, Arunabh Chattopadhyay, Ieng Chi Hin, Ken Rutabana, John Johnston, Connor J Smith, Rob Harvey, Arkadiy Kulev, Hagai Bloch Gadot, Aitan Magence, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien Goh, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Brady Bellini

Go subscribe here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuCkxoKLYO_EQ2GeFtbM_bw?sub_confirmation=1 Watch the first video here: https://youtu.be/o1bIKvHDNWI Then follow it on twitter here: http://twitter.com/halfinteresting

Subscribe to this brand new channel from Wendover Productions: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuCkxoKLYO_EQ2GeFtbM_bw?sub_confirmation=1 Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Protest footage used with permission from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bCV3IPKakE Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joe Cieplinski (http://joecieplinski.com/) Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Kevin Song, Kevin Song, David Cichowski, Andy Tran, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Dylan Benson, M van Kasbergen, Etienne Dechamps, Adil Abdulla, Arunabh Chattopadhyay, Ieng Chi Hin, Ken Rutabana, John Johnston, Connor J Smith, Rob Harvey, Arkadiy Kulev, Hagai Bloch Gadot, Aitan Magence, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien Goh, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Brady Bellini

Build your web presence for 10% off with Squarespace: http://www.squarespace.com/wendover Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Music: My Luck by Broke For Free & Sunday by Otis McDonald Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Fact-checking by William Mayne Thumbnail by Joe Cieplinski (http://joecieplinski.com/) Full script with references available here: http://bit.ly/2uYyrL0 Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Kevin Song, Kevin Song, David Cichowski, Andy Tran, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Dylan Benson, M van Kasbergen, Etienne Dechamps, Adil Abdulla, Arunabh Chattopadhyay, Ieng Chi Hin, Ken Rutabana, John Johnston, Connor J Smith, Rob Harvey, Arkadiy Kulev, Hagai Bloch Gadot, Aitan Magence, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien Goh, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Brady Bellini

Enter to win $2000 with Anker's "Power it Up" contest: http://bit.ly/2uXquXZ The battery I talked about at the end: http://amzn.to/2wCwwgh While Wendover Productions retained creative control over the video itself, the sponsor paid for travel expenses and for the post-roll advertisement. Check out my podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Sources and script available here: http://bit.ly/2viM3Tj Deng Xiaping footage courtesy Reagan Library Singapore historic photo courtesy Hiramatsu Kaxuhito Chinese bar photo courtesy Roman Boed Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Kevin Song, Kevin Song, David Cichowski, Andy Tran, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Dylan Benson, M van Kasbergen, Etienne Dechamps, Adil Abdulla, Arunabh Chattopadhyay, Ieng Chi Hin, Ken Rutabana, John Johnston, Connor J Smith, Rob Harvey, Arkadiy Kulev, Hagai Bloch Gadot, Aitan Magence, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien Goh, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Brady Bellini

The first 200 to sign up get a free 3 month trial for CLEAR at http://www.clearme.com/wendover Check out my new podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Music is Rhodesia by Twin Musicom, Octagon by Silent Partner, and Vibe Drive by Podington Bear Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Aitan Magence, Alex Duvall, Andy Tran, Anson Long, Arcadia Kulev, Arunabh Chattopadhyay, Brady Bellini, Connor J Smith, David Cichowski, Dylan Benson, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hagai Bloch Gadot, Hank Green, John and Becki Johnston, Joseph Bull, Ken Rutabana, Kevin Song, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Noam Lawi, Paul Jihoon Choi, Plinio Correa, Rob Harvey, Sihien, Victor Zimmer, Vincent Mooney, William Chappell

The first 100 people to sign up will get three meals off their Blue Apron order free! Click here: http://cook.ba/2tNrXSI This video is sponsored by Blue Apron. Check out my new podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Music is “Vibe Ace” by Kevin MacLeod and “Solar Flares” by Silent Partner Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Ramp meter photo courtesy SounderBruce via Flickr Ramp meter photo 2 courtesy Garrett via Flickr Stockholm congestion charge photo courtesy Eurist ev via Flickr FedEx Field photo courtesy Rory Finneren via Wikipedia US Roundabout photo courtesy Una Smith via Wikipedia Exhibition road shared space photo courtesy Romazur via Wikipedia Stuttgart shared space photo courtesy Mussklprozz via Wikipedia Bohmte shared space photo courtesy Kai Kowalewski via Wikipedia Alleyway shared space photo courtesy Jarret M via Flickr DDI photo courtesy Supercarwaar via Wikipedia Select visuals courtesy Google Maps/Earth Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Aitan Magence, Alex Duvall, Andy Tran, Anson Long, Arcadia Kulev, Arunabh Chattopadhyay, Brady Bellini, Connor J Smith, David Cichowski, Dylan Benson, Etienne Dechamps, Eyal Matsliah, Hagai Bloch Gadot, Hank Green, John and Becki Johnston, Joseph Bull, Ken Rutabana, Kevin Song, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Noam Lawi, Paul Jihoon Choi, Plinio Correa, Rob Harvey, Sihien, Victor Zimmer, Vincent Mooney, William Chappell

Get 10% off your custom domain or email from Hover at http://www.hover.com/wendover This video was partially based on the book, "Raven Rock" by Garrett Graff: http://a.co/23ud2fa Check out my new podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com Music: Morning Four by David Szesztay and Raw Deal by Gunnar Olsen Script with sources: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2p-HoK9KXEANnJBMHF3ME9IcFU/view?usp=sharing National Gallery Image courtesy Sam-H-A Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Arkadiy Kulev, David Cichowski, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Josh Berger, Vincent Mooney, Marcelo Teivelis, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Huang MingLei, Dylan Benson, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Etienne Dechamps, Alex Duvall, Rob Harvey, Ark Balagan, Hagai Bloch Gadot, Aitan Magence, William Chappell, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Connor J Smith, and Brady Bellini

Build your custom website with Squarespace by going to http://www.Squarespace.com/Wendover Real Life Lore's video on Barrow: https://youtu.be/JOJtqENVX7A Second Thought's video on Barrow: https://youtu.be/g1JLTa173As Check out my new podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com Music: "Waves" by MindsEye, "Faster Does It" by Kevin MacLeod, and "My Luck" by Broke for Free Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Arkadiy Kulev, David Cichowski, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Josh Berger, Vincent Mooney, Marcelo Teivelis, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Huang MingLei, Dylan Benson, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Etienne Dechamps, Alex Duvall, Rob Harvey, Ark Balagan, Hagai Bloch Gadot, Aitan Magence, William Chappell, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Connor J Smith, and Brady Bellini

Support Wendover Productions and get a custom domain or email with 10% off from Hover at http://hover.com/wendover Check out my new podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com Music is “Back Vibes Clean” by Kevin Macleod and “All Your Faustian Bargains” by Steve Combs Dublin Preclearance photo by WestportWiki Hyder photos by Jitze Couperus Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Research by William Mayne Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Arkadiy Kulev, David Cichowski, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Josh Berger, Vincent Mooney, Marcelo Teivelis, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Huang MingLei, Dylan Benson, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Etienne Dechamps, Alex Duvall, Rob Harvey, Ark Balagan, Hagai Bloch Gadot, Aitan Magence, William Chappell, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Connor J Smith, and Brady Bellini

Support Wendover Productions and get $20 off the perfect suitcase from Away using the code "Wendover" at http://awaytravel.com/wendover Check out my new podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com Music is "Another Version of You" by Chris Zabriskie The full script with sources can be found here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2p-HoK9KXEASGdjNEdhZnAxYjQ/view?usp=sharing Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joseph Cieplinski (http://joec.design) Research by William Mayne Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Ark Balagan, David Cichowski, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Josh Berger, Vincent Mooney, Marcelo Teivelis, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Huang MingLei, Dylan Benson, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Etienne Dechamps, Alex Duvall, Rob Harvey, Ark Balagan, Hagai Bloch Gadot, Aitan Magence, William Chappell, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Connor J Smith, and Brady Bellini

Support Wendover Productions and get 10% off your order at Hover by using the link: http://hover.com/wendover & the code "wendover" at checkout Check out my new podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_10vJJqf2ZK0lWrb5BXAPg (YouTube link) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com The full script with sources can be found here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2p-HoK9KXEARFJMMFNVcDVrRzQ/view?usp=sharing Animation by Josh Sherrington (https://www.youtube.com/heliosphere) Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joseph Cieplinski (http://joec.design) Research by William Mayne Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Ark Balagan, David Cichowski, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Josh Berger, Vincent Mooney, Marcelo Teivelis, Victor Zimmer, Paul Jihoon Choi, Huang MingLei, Dylan Benson, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Etienne Dechamps, Alex Duvall, Rob Harvey, Ark Balagan, Hagai Bloch Gadot, Aitan Magence, William Chappell, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Connor J Smith, and Brady Bellini

Support Wendover Productions and get 10% off your order at Hover by using the link: http://hover.com/wendover & the code "wendover" at checkout Check out my new podcast with Brian from Real Engineering: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/showmakers/id1224583218?mt=2 (iTunes link) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsaPlyurx2Y (YT link to episode 2) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com Select footage courtesy NASA The full script with sources can be found here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2p-HoK9KXEAY2E3N0VRQVg4NEU/view?usp=sharing Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joseph Cieplinski (http://joec.design) Research by William Mayne Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Rob Harvey, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Josh Berger, Paul Jihoon Choi, Huang MingLei, Dylan Benson, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Victor Zimmer, William Chappell, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien,Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Jonah Paarman, maco2035, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Connor J Smith, Brady Bellini

Get 15 free days of knowing your data is safe by using this link with Backblaze: http://backblaze.com/wendover I started a brand new podcast with Brian from Real Engineering. In the first episode we talk with Hank Green of Crash Course, VidCon, SciShow, and more. Give it a listen here: https://itun.es/us/YGA_ib.c Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Gladys Portales, Vincent Mooney, Rob Harvey, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Josh Berger, Paul Jihoon Choi, Huang MingLei, Dylan Benson, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Victor Zimmer, Etienne Deschamps, Aitan Magence, William Chappell, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien, Marcelo Alves Viera, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Connor J Smith, and Brady Bellini

Get an exclusive 7-day free trial of Videoblocks: http://videoblocks.com/Wendoverproductions_0417 I started a brand new podcast with Brian from Real Engineering. In the first episode we talk with Hank Green of Crash Course, VidCon, SciShow, and more. Give it a listen here: https://itun.es/us/YGA_ib.c Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions The full script with sources can be found here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2p-HoK9KXEAamNTTkdSaERqdGc/view?usp=sharing Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joseph Cieplinski (http://joec.design) Research by William Mayne Passenger and conductor icons courtesy H Alberto Gongora from the Noun Project Select footage courtesy Amtrak Amtrak locomotive photo courtesy Nathan D. Holmes Amtrak advertisement photo courtesy Oran Viriyincy “Whispering Through” song by Asura Acela express photo courtesy Ben Schumin Virgin Trains EC photo courtesy Virgin Trains East Coast Kings cross photo courtesy Wikipedia commons user “Colin” Yemasse Amtrak station photo courtesy DanTD Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Gladys Portales, Vincent Mooney, Rob Harvey, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Josh Berger, Paul Jihoon Choi, Huang MingLei, Dylan Benson, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Victor Zimmer, Etienne Deschamps, Aitan Magence, William Chappell, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien, Marcelo Alves Viera, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Connor J Smith, and Brady Bellini

Get 15 free days of knowing your data is safe by using this link with Backblaze: http://backblaze.com/wendover “What if Russia Never Existed” by AlternateHistoryHub: https://youtu.be/gU6UBXOHhDw “What if the Soviet Union Reunited” by RealLifeLore: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-TFENSuJ5U This video was based on a chapter of the book “Prisoners of Geography” by Tim Marshall. It’s the best book I’ve read so far in 2017 so I highly encourage you to give it a read. Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com The full script with sources can be found here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2p-HoK9KXEAcFc1UTY0Q3VWZUU/view?usp=sharing Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thumbnail by Joseph Cieplinski (http://joec.design) Research by William Mayne, Sam Moran, Ollie Orton, Jakob S. Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Rob Harvey, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Josh Berger, Paul Jihoon Choi, Huang MingLei, Dylan Benson, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Victor Zimmer, William Chappell, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien,Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Jonah Paarman, maco2035, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Connor J Smith, Brady Bellini

Check out Squarespace: http://www.Squarespace.com/Wendover 10% off code: Wendover Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Select visuals courtesy British Airways Select visuals courtesy Etihad Airways Select visuals courtesy Virgin Galactic “Poldoro” by Milton Arias “Summer Movement 1” by John Harrison with the Wichita State University Chamber Players Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Rob Harvey, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Josh Berger, Paul Jihoon Choi, Huang MingLei, Dylan Benson, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Victor Zimmer, William Chappell, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien,Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Jonah Paarman, maco2035, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Connor J Smith, Brady Bellini

Get a free 30 day free trial and a free audiobook from Audible here: http://www.Audible.com/Wendover Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) 1970s first class image courtesy British Airways and used under fair use guidelines Concorde interior photo courtesy ravas51 British Airways First Class Photo courtesy TravelingOtter British Airways Business Class Photo courtesy Peter McCarthy and Tony Kent “Prelude No. 7” and “Prelude No. 14” by Chris Zabriskie Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Rob Harvey, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Josh Berger, Paul Jihoon Choi, Huang MingLei, Dylan Benson, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Victor Zimmer, William Chappell, Eyal Matsliah, Sihien,Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Jonah Paarman, maco2035, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Connor J Smith, Brady Bellini

Check out Squarespace: http://squarespace.com/wendover Use the code "Wendover" for 10% off your order Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Music: "Prelude No 14" by Chris Zabriskie "Too Far Gone" by Ryan Little Thanks to Patreon supporters: Rob Harvey, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Josh Berger, Paul Jihoon Choi, Huang MingLei, Dylan Benson, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Victor Zimmer, William Chappell, Eyal Matslaih, Sihien, Joseph Bull, Marcelo Alves Viera, Jonah Paarman, Maco 2035, Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Connor Smith, Brady Bellini

Check out The Great Courses Plus and get a 30-day free trial: http://ow.ly/aw1Z3083BIJ Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) States animation by Adrian Stameski Thanks to Patreon Supporters: Praisethesun20, Iracha Tan, Brady Bellini, Connor J Smith, Plinio Correa, Hank Green, Maco2035, Jonah Paarman, Marcelo Alves Vieira, Joseph Bull, Sihien, Eyal Matsliah, Victor Zimmer, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Huang MingLei, Josh Berger, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Rob Harvey, Lautaro Angelico Waltz (Tschikovsky Op. 40) Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thanks to Patreon Supporters: Praisethesun20, Iracha Tantiwongchaichan, Brady Bellini, Connor J Smith, Plinio Correa, Hank Green, Maco2035, Victor Zimmer, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Dylan Benson, Josh Berger, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Lautaro Angelico Music by Kai Engel Pythagorean Theorem animation courtesy AmericanXplorer13 This episode was supported by the VlogBrothers sponsor program.

Try Squarespace free for 14 days and receive 10% off your order: http://www.squarespace.com/wendover (Code: Wendover) Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Get a Wendover Productions t-shirt for $20: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Thanks to Patreon Supporters: Praisethesun20, Iracha Tantiwongchaichan, Brady Bellini, Connor J Smith, Plinio Correa, Hank Green, Maco2035, Victor Zimmer, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Dylan Benson, Josh Berger, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Lautaro Angelico Resource icons by Callum Taylor from the Noun Project Mountain icon by Anton Noskov from the Noun Project Levantaran el Vuelo by Circus Marcus Le Réveil by Circus Marcus Sunset by Kai Engel Select maps provided by Open Street Map Select maps provided by Google Maps & Google Earth

Support Wendover Productions by signing up for Lootcrate: http://trylootcrate.com/wendover Go check out Real Life Lore's video on "Is the United States a Country?": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NZwK63tf60 Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com Sound by Graham Haerther (http://www.Haerther.net) Special thanks to Patrons: Hank Green, Plinio Correa, Jon, Connor J Smith, Brady Bellini, Iraca Tantiwongchaichan, Konrad Armitage, f4r, Josh Berger, Maco2035, Maximillian van Kasbergen, Dylan Benson, Victor Zimmer, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Jakob Dannesboe, and Lautaro Angelico Attributions: European Parliament photo courtesy Diliff US State flag map courtesy WonderWhy Indonesian Ambassador to the EU photo courtesy Security & Defence Agenda Ambassador of the EU to the US photo courtesy Friends of Europe Israel recognition map courtesy Chocofrito

Get the official Wendover Productions t-shirt: https://store.dftba.com/products/wendover-productions-shirt Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Every Country in the World Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-b4SUOfn_4 Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com Backing animation by Adrian Stameski (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6uY6oscq2FVfKXd3KxaoZA) Sound by Graham Haerther (https://Haerther.net) Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Victor Zimmer. Dylan Benson, Meximillian van Kasbergen, Maco2035, Josh Berger, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Jakob Dannesboe, and Lautaro Angelico

Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions This is every country in the world, or at least the first 98 since part two of this video will come out Tuesday December 13th. Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com Backing animation by Adrian Stameski (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6uY6oscq2FVfKXd3KxaoZA) Sound by Graham Haerther Big thanks to Patreon supporters: Victor Zimmer. Dylan Benson, Meximillian van Kasbergen, Maco2035, Josh Berger, Venkata Kaushik Nunna, Jakob Dannesboe, and Lautaro Angelico Attributions: Maps courtesy Open Street Map Time zone map courtesy TimeZonesBoy Saint Marinus photo courtesy Threecharlie Afriski photo courtesy Afriski and used under fair use guidelines (editorial content) Bloemfontein photo courtesy Carlviloria South African Parliament photo De Zuid-Afrikaan Breuil Cervinia photo courtesy Patafisik Market island lighthouse photo courtesy tt_koski Algiers photo courtesy Poudou99 Israel Eurovision photo courtesy Daniel Aragay Israel football photo courtesy The Israel Project Pangea map courtesy Massimo Pietrobon Antarctic research base map courtesy Teetaweepo King George Island courtesy Giovanni Fattori Bolivian Navy photo courtesy Israel_soliz

Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions Behind any commercial flight is centuries of political negotiations and accords that dictate who, how, and where airlines can fly. Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com Music by Lewis Bergen Sound by Graham Haerther Attributions: Chicago convention photo courtesy Dominique Hymans Tuvalu airport photo courtesy Lirneasia Qantas Dreamliner photo courtesy Qantas and used under fair use guidelines

Check out Lumerit to learn how you can do college for $4,000 a year or less: https://go.lumerit.com/wendover Andy George's Channel (How to Make Everything): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCfIqCzQJXvYj9ssCoHq327g Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: http://patreon.com/wendoverproductions Chances are if you make a chicken sandwich yourself it will cost less than $5, but Andy George's chicken sandwich cost $1,500 because he made everything from scratch. What causes this huge difference in cost between chicken sandwiches made from scratch and bought at the grocery store? Big thanks to https://www.shutterstock.com for providing loads of great stock footage for this video. Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Music by Lewis Bergen Sound Design by Graham Haerther Big thanks to Patrons: Peter Ramkissoon, Jon, f4r, Konrad Armitage, Iracha Tantiwongchaichan, Brady Bellini, Taras Halan, Maco2035, Connor J Smith, Victor Zimmer, Josh Berger

Sign up for a free month's trial at the Great Courses Plus: http://ow.ly/6u4h304922j Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: http://Patreon.com/WendoverProductions Rich Americans live in the Suburbs; Rich Europeans live downtown. Why do cities on the two continents have different structures? Big thanks to Shutterstock.com for providing visuals for these and other Wendover Productions videos: http://www.shutterstock.com Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Big thanks to Patrons: Josh Berger, Dylan Benson, Victor Zimmer, Taras Halan, Brady Bellini, Iracha Tantiwongchaichan, Konrad Armitage, f4r, Jon, and Peter Ramkissoon Hotel Suite photo courtesy Danielli hotel and used under creative commons guidelines Country Club Photo Courtesy Lindafitzgerald

Sign up for a 30 day Audible free trial: http://www.Audible.com/Wendover Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: http://Patreon.com/WendoverProductions Apply to animate for Wendover Productions: http://www.wendoverproductions.com/apply-to-animate Airbus made an enormous plane, Boeing made an efficient plane. They both had different ideas on how the airline industry would work in the future, and only one was right. Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: http://Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Select visuals courtesy http://www.Shutterstock.com Music by Lewis Bergen: http://joyga.in/lbamp/ Big thanks to Patrons: Dylan Benson, Brian Chaitanuvong, Victor Zimmer, Iracha Tantiwongchaichan, Konrad Armitage, f4r, Jon, Taras Halan, Peter Ramkissoon, and Camden Bauer Dreamliner footage courtesy Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Dreamliner composite construction photo courtesy Boeing Sonic cruiser photo courtesy aircraft.wikia.com and used under creative commons guidelines

https://www.patreon.com/wendoverproductions I travelled to Argleton to show why I'm getting a Patreon. Youtube: https://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: https://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected]

Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.Patreon.com/Wendover Productions Living on the moon would be very, very expensive, but let's take nine minutes to calculate just how expensive it would be. Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Reddit: /u/WendoverProductions or http://www.reddit.com/r/wendoverproductions Big thanks to http://www.shutterstock.com for providing stock footage for this video. Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fX3rVRDX3nn2RYBUjqoLYfSoUZ_JDk1KFx63mlbjBnY/edit http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1969-059C http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1579/1 http://www.space.com/17556-giant-nasa-rocket-space-launch-cost.html http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/publications/usdafoodpatterns/estimatedcalorieneedsperdaytable.pdf http://www.actahort.org/books/952/952_73.htm http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/146558main_RecyclingEDA(final)%204_10_06.pdf Attributions Lunar greenhouse photos courtesy University of Arizona and used under fair use guidelines ISS videos courtesy NASA Photosynthesis photo courtesy Somepics Fuel module picture courtesy Idaho National Laboratory Mars Colonial Transporter photo courtesy https://michelresidence.wordpress.com/2015/01/30/mars-colonial-transporter/ and used under fair use guidelines “Moonlight Reprise) by Kai Engal

Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.Patreon.com/Wendover Productions Over the North Atlantic, where there is no radar coverage, planes don't fly like they normally fly. They follow a set of daily tracks that act like highways in the sky. Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Subreddit: http://www.Reddit.com/r/WendoverProductions Sources: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/05/14/opinion/14-in-flight-mark-vanhoenacker.html?_r=0 (This is a fantastic 10-15 minute read) https://pilotweb.nas.faa.gov/common/nat.html http://aerosavvy.com/north-atlantic-tracks/ http://nats.aero/blog/2014/06/north-atlantic-skies-gateway-europe/ Attributions: North Pole Oriented Map Courtesy Strebe Airplane icon courtesy Mirko Velimirovic from Noun Project Airplane overhead icon courtesy Viktor Vorobyev from Noun Project Gander airport photo courtesy www.Fronterasblog.wordpress.com and used under Fair Use Guidelines Air Traffic Control video courtesy Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Cockpit view courtesy Simulation and Aviation Overnight flight footage courtesy FlyingHDWorldwide

Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.Patreon.com/Wendover Productions Trains, well, just aren't that great in America. Here's why. Youtube: http://www.YouTube.com/WendoverProductions Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Attributions: Opening Amtrak video courtesy Coleman Place (Creative Commons License) Amtrak System Map modified from original by Maximilian Dörrbecker (Creative Commons License) Train icon created by Roman J. Sokolov from the Noun Project Airport Check-in video courtesy Amsterdam airport Schiphzl (Creative Commons License) TSA video courtesy Brian Wilson (Creative Commons License) Acela Express footage courtesy Alexander Wood (Creative Commons License) Turkey high speed rail photo courtesy B’Tian Denizen P. Dorsam (Creative Commons License) Poland high speed rail photo courtesy Jakub Halun (Creative Commons License) Uzbekistan high speed rail photo courtesy Guidecity (Creative Commons License) Acela express photo courtesy Michael Kurras (Creative Commons License) Railway post office photo courtesy Bruce Fingerhood (Creative Commons License) Mail sorting photo courtesy Jason V (Creative Commons License) USPS truck photo courtesy Jason Lawrence (Creative Commons License) Amtrak southwest chief video courtesy Walt Loevy (Creative Commons License) Amtrak sunset limited video courtesy D&Y family travel (Creative Commons License) US Rail Map used under fair use guidelines Amtrak idling video courtesy PnPrailroad (Creative Commons License) TGV video courtesy Bastiaan Blinksma (Creative Commons License) High speed track photo courtesy S. Terfloth/Sese Ingolstadt (Creative Commons License) ICE train video courtesy Dutch Train Channel (Creative Commons License) TGV Sud video courtesy Sylvain Chemist (Creative Commons License) Amtrak top speed video courtesy Rich Roberts (Creative Commons License)

Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.Patreon.com/WendoverProductions Maritime law is confusing, but interesting (I hope.) Last Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7PsmkAxVHdM Twitter: http://www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Attributions: South China Sea video courtesy youtube.com/militarytiger (Creative Commons License) Cruise Ship icon by Rohan Gupta from the Noun Project Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness Map by Alinor (Creative Commons License) Old Cruise Ship photo courtesy Roger W from Flickr (Creative Commons License) Foreign Coders photo courtesy Cory Doctorow from Flickr (Creative Commons License)

Support WendoverProductions by signing up for a free trial at http://www.Audible.com/Wendover College is expensive. Here's why. Twitter: www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Attributions: Student icon made by Freepik at flaticon.com Professor icon made by Freepik at flaticon.com Hammering video courtesy Unripe Content Admissions video courtesy Cambridge Law Faculty Security guard video courtesy Nevada Cop Block Lecture hall photo courtesy Theonlysilentbob UMass Amherst Commonwealth Honors College building photo courtesy University Massachusetts Amherst and used under Fair Use Guidelines UMass Boston General Academic Building No. 1 photo courtesy Wilson Architects and used under Fair Use Guidelines Berkeley Lower Sprout Building Photo Courtesy clayholden.com and used under Fair Use Guidelines Ohio State University Photo Courtesy Nheyob

Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.Patreon.com/Wendover Productions In 1967 Sweden decided to change which side of the road they drove on... all in one day. Twitter: www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Attributions: POV driving footage courtesy SuperCars of London (CC License): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyoSWGYKkusssZWzRrsX4RA Quartet footage courtesy the Archives of New Zealand (CC License): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKDW_ul6cMOVkZg-XrU3yUw

Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.Patreon.com/Wendover Productions You can’t copy money. Like really, it’s not just illegal, you just can’t do it on a photocopier. Twitter: www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Last Video on How Budget Airlines Work: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=069y1MpOkQY Attributions: Photocopy vector courtesy chris 論 Counterfeit detector video courtesy Jessicsa Lv and licensed under Creative Commons Blacked out CDS test images courtesy http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~sjm217/projects/currency/ and used under fair use guidelines Cash photo courtesy Jericho All images of money used under Fair Use guidelines

Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.Patreon.com/Wendover Productions Flying is an expensive endeavor, but somehow certain budget airline are able to sell tickets for less than 10 euros. This is how they work. Twitter: www.Twitter.com/WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Thanks to Reddit users Phynub and Joey23art for their contributions and fact-checking. Video on "Why Flying is so Expensive": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Oe8T3AvydU Last Video on "Immortality Through Quantum Suicide": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7RHv_MIIT0 Attributions: http://airinsight.com/2010/07/21/ryanair-fascinating-insight/ Ryanair jet footage courtesy https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCD3t_Vmn-0T5VQz054Jn0Kg under Creative Commons License Air travel graph courtesy Mappy10101 EasyJet photo courtesy Biggerben Scale image courtesy Althepal Ryanair fleet photo and Cabin Crew photo courtesy Ryanair and used under fair use EasyJet fleet photo courtesy Curimedia Pilot photo courtesy Dmitrij.shpilchevskij Airport check-in photo courtesy Leonid Mamchenkov Ryanair interior photo courtesy Ruthann Select Ryanair footage courtesy Amsterdam airport Schiphol German wings flight attendant photo courtesy Oxfordian Kissuth Heathrow Aerial courtesy Panhard Charles de Gaulle aerial courtesy Dmitry Avdeev Heathrow ground photo courtesy Warren Rohner Bucharest airport photo courtesy Cristian Bortes Airline seat icon courtesy Adam Mullin Flight attendant icon courtesy Gabriella Fono Map of French regions courtesy Superbenjamin Regional airport image courtesy Mjrmtg Licenses available upon request Frankfurt Airport time-lapse courtesy https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFR5svvUyRJsQ05O-RVFxag Ryanair landing video courtesy https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZvweSaAB_DbI-9_9r1ydsA Ryanair takeoff video courtesy https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuC-Wa5Djrz1C8XJP9hlk-w Ryanair ground photo courtesy Aeroprints.com Airport line photo courtesy Jaysin Trevino Southwest interior photo courtesy Paul Sullivan Southwest boarding video courtesy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpyjMRp-L7E Southwest flying video courtesy https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXuyLR95xUU3Ft8PxT8em9w Baggage handling video courtesy Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Ticketing video courtesy https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCGPZjepCPGzFTFZNJwJKSSw Ryanair check-in photo courtesy Jhcx Check-in machine photo courtesy frankieleon Jetway photo courtesy Cliff Ryanair stair photo courtesy Juanedc Song, metrojet airlines photo courtesy Anthony92931 Shuttle by United photo courtesy aeroprints.com All images and videos are both royalty free and used under fair use guidelines

Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.Patreon.com/Wendover Productions Immortality sounds, uhh... kinda awful, but there is a theory on how to achieve it by using quantum mechanics. Twitter: www.twitter.com/wendoverpro Email: [email protected] Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Unusual_articles https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_suicide_and_immortality http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/science-questions/quantum-suicide.htm Attributions: Deadpool and Wolverine poster images property of 20th century fox and used under fair use Picture of Heisenberg in the public domain Stevie Wonder photo courtesy of Antonio Cruz Cliff Jumping Video licensed under Creative Commons from https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRnPhKo3xoWNz4auRxfq4dA Universe photo licensed under Creative Commons 4.0 by ESO/T. Preibisch Licenses available upon request Licensed under Creative Commons 3.0 or fair use guidelines

Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.Patreon.com/Wendover Productions Flying is expensive, really expensive, but only kinda, and it's only partially the airlines' fault. Big thank you to Real Engineering for the collab in this video. Make sure to check him out at https://m.youtube.com/realengineering Please consider sharing this video on Reddit, Facebook, Twitter, or other websites. Twitter: www.twitter.com/wendoverpro Email: [email protected] Sources: https://www.tsa.gov/for-industry/security-fees http://www.delta.com/content/www/en_US/traveling-with-us/planning-a-trip/booking-information/fare-classes-and-tickets/taxes-and-fees.html http://www.comluxaviation.com/resource/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/A320%20BJT%200612.pdf http://www.airbus.com/aircraftfamilies/passengeraircraft/a320family/a320/specifications/ https://www.panynj.gov/airports/pdf/scheduleofcharges-jfk.pdf https://www.glassdoor.com/Salaries/pilot-salary-SRCH_KO0,5.htm https://www.glassdoor.com/Salaries/flight-attendent-salary-SRCH_KO0,16.htm Attributions: a320 interior image courtesy of Airbus and used under fair use a320 footage courtesy https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxufeU8YKgWijUGxPzwIZAg Select footage courtesy of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOLLG-WbCoV4JOz_qmh05uQ Ticket Price Graph source Carpe Diem Blog Select satellite imagery courtesy of Bing Select footage provided by VideoBlocks LLC Music provided Epidemic Sound Select maps provided by OpenStreetMap Select maps provided by Google Maps Select visuals provided by Wikipedia Commons Licenses available upon request Licensed under Creative Commons 3.0 or fair use guidelines

Support Wendover Productions on Patreon: https://www.Patreon.com/Wendover Productions 85650789657397829 + 1402 more digits is an illegal number. To understand why this is, we need to learn a little bit of cryptology, a little bit of math, and a little bit of programming. If you enjoyed this episode, please share it on Reddit, Twitter, Facebook, etc. For a small channel like this, it helps a lot. Twitter: https://twitter.com/wendoverpro Email: [email protected] Series inspiration: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Unusual_articles Episode inspiration: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_prime Attributions: Jeopardy music used under fair use courtesy of orangefreesounds.com Select footage provided by VideoBlocks LLC Music provided Epidemic Sound Select maps provided by OpenStreetMap Select maps provided by Google Maps Select visuals provided by Wikipedia Commons Licenses available upon request Licensed under Creative Commons 3.0 or fair use guidelines

Big Macs: delicious (kinda), cheap (kinda), and educational (absolutely). In this episode, we look at how the economist magazine used burger prices to teach about purchasing power parity. If you enjoyed this video, please consider sharing on Reddit, Twitter, Facebook, etc. For a small channel like this, all exposure is extremely helpful. Twitter: @WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Attributions Big Mac footage provided by https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xx447ehsS2g McDonald’s kitchen footage provided by epSos.de Select footage provided by VideoBlocks LLC Music provided Epidemic Sound Select maps provided by OpenStreetMap Select maps provided by Google Maps Select visuals provided by Wikipedia Commons Licenses available upon request Licensed under Creative Commons 3.0 or fair use guidelines

Mars...the Final Frontier. Or wait, isn't that space? Or Alaska? Anyways, time systems work on Mars in a somewhat similar but still unique way to timekeeping on earth. This video has a little bit of history, a little bit of astrology, a little bit of horology, a little bit of everything. Twitter: @WendoverPro Email: [email protected] If you enjoyed this video please share it on Reddit, Twitter, Facebook, etc. For small channels like this, it helps a lot. This Week's Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timekeeping_on_Mars "That Wikipedia List": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Unusual_articles Attributions: Royal Observatory Footage provided by https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkncQFvwWJZnmxkoikmIkSA Clouds designed by Freepik Steam Train public domain film from New Zealand Archives. “The Martian” Poster used under Fair Use Opportunity Rover Footage Courtesy NASA Select footage provided by VideoBlocks LLC Music provided Epidemic Sound Select maps provided by OpenStreetMap Select maps provided by Google Maps Select visuals provided by Wikipedia Commons Licenses available upon request Licensed under Creative Commons 3.0 or fair use guidelines

People around the world argue about it--Which way should toilet paper face? There are advantages for each side, but in the end, there is an undisputable answer. If you enjoyed this video please share it on Reddit, Twitter, Facebook, etc. For small channels like this, it helps a lot. Twitter: @WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Attributions: All visuals licensed either under Creative Commons 3.0 or Fair Use Guidelines Select footage provided by VideoBlocks LLC Music provided by Epidemic Sound Select visuals provided by Wikipedia Commons Select visuals used under Fair Use Guidelines Licenses available upon request

Map makers have been putting fake places on maps for decades in order to catch copyright thieves. In this video I explain just a few of those paper towns. Twitter: @WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Attributions: Select footage provided by VideoBlocks LLC Dictionary image provided by hetemeel.com Music provided Epidemic Sound Select maps provided by OpenStreetMap Select maps provided by Google Maps Select visuals provided by Wikipedia Commons Agloe map image provided by Booklist/The American Library Association Licenses available upon request Licensed under Creative Commons 3.0 or fair use guidelines

Pretty much every piece of land on earth is part of a Country, except, of course, Bir Tawil. Twitter: @WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Attributions: Select visuals provided by Wikipedia Commons Antarctic Storm Footage: www.youtube.com/user/sumnerd Liberland footage: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OK8smqG5WPI Select footage provided by VideoBlocks LLC Music provided by Epidemic Sound Licenses available upon request

About 10% of humans are lefties, but 46% of American presidents are lefties. Why is this? Twitter: @WendoverPro Email: [email protected] Attributions: Visuals provided by Wikipedia commons Visuals provided by VideoBlocks LLC Music provided by Epidemic Sound Licenses available upon request

Time has a fascinating history. Much of our modern world wouldn't be what it is today without the development of better and better clocks. From clocks that use pendulums, to those that use cesium, this video covers the complete history of one of humanity's greatest inventions. Email: [email protected] Twitter: @WendoverPro Attributions: Sundial footage courtesy of http://natureclip.co.nr. Map of Great Britain - Single Color by FreeVectorMaps.com Visuals provided by Wikipedia Commons Additional Footage provided by VideoBlocks LLC Licenses available upon request

No country owns space, so are there laws there? Spoiler alert: yes. What laws are there? Well watch this video to find out. (It's complicated) Email: [email protected] Twitter: @WendoverPro Attributions: Images provided by Wiki Commons Images licensed under Creative Commons 3.0 Additional footage provided by VideoBlocks LLC Opening intro music by https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCr4Xpli3bMNpu7bMQRu_Emg Outro music- Airport Lounge by Kevin MacLeod

A tour of the world, presented by a map geek. From West Virginia's that aren't really that west to pieces of Scotland in the Netherlands, learn about our world from a different perspective. Email: [email protected] Twitter: @WendoverPro Attributions: Airport Lounge- Kevin MacLeod (Outro Music) Visuals provided by Wiki Commons Visuals licensed under Creative Commons 3.0 Additional footage provided by VideoBlocks LLC Licenses available upon request Air Accident Investigation Branch - Air Accident Investigation Branch Report No: 2/1990 - Report on the accident to Boeing 747-121, N739PA, at Lockerbie, Dumfriesshire, Scotland on 21 December 1988 Report name: 2/1990 Boeing 747-121, N739PA http://www.aaib.gov.uk/publications/formal_reports/2_1990_n739pa.cfm Appendix B, Image B-9 "Photograph of nose and flight deck" http://www.aaib.gov.uk/cms_resources.cfm?file=/2-1990%20N739PA%20Append.pdf Map of World with Countries - Single Color by FreeVectorMaps.com Maps Courtesy of OpenStreeMap.org and Maps.Google.com

Did you know that the way a grocery store is arranged is calculated to make you spend the most money profitable? In fact, the way the aisles are arranged can be the difference between a successful and failing grocery store. Email: [email protected] Twitter: @WendoverPro Attributions: Airport Lounge- Kevin MacLeod Visuals provided by Wiki Commons Visuals licensed under Creative Commons 3.0 Additional footage provided by VideoBlocks LLC Licenses available upon request

Every wondered how to create your very own country? Well here's your step by step guide to doing just that! If any of you go on to create a country after this I fully expect lordship. Email: [email protected] Twitter: @WendoverPro Attributions: Map of World - Single Color by FreeVectorMaps.com Faster Does It- Kevin MacLeod Visuals provided by Wiki Commons Visuals licensed under Creative Commons 3.0 Additional footage provided by VideoBlocks LLC Licenses available upon request

A tour of the world, presented by a map geek. From 11 hour domestic flights to strange borders, learn about our world from a different perspective. Email: [email protected] Twitter: @WendoverPro Places Discussed: Straight of Gibraltar Gibraltar (British Overseas Territory) Ceuta, Melilla (Spanish exclaves in Northern Africa) Saint Martin (France/Netherlands Border) French Guiana, Réunion (French Overseas Departments) Saint Lawrence River, Great Lakes, Chicago River, Des Plaines River, Illinois River, Mississippi River (Separates east from west US) Parting of the Waters (Wyoming stream that flows to both Pacific and Atlantic) Middle Island, Canada (Southernmost point in Canada) Dingle Penninsula, Ireland; Hamill, Maine (Shortest distance between Europe and the United States) Malin Head, Ireland (Northernmost point in Ireland) Norway, Russia, North Korea Attributions: Map of World with Countries - Outline by FreeVectorMaps.com Airport Lounge- Kevin MacLeod (Outro Music) Faster Does It- Kevin MacLeod Visuals provided by Wiki Commons Visuals licensed under Creative Commons 3.0 Additional footage provided by VideoBlocks LLC Licenses available upon request

The development of self-driving cars presents one of the greatest ethical conundrums in history. Because of these inventions, which will save thousands of lives every year, we will have to decide how to kill people. Email: [email protected] Twitter: @WendoverPro If you want to learn more about this subject, I suggest this CBC Radio interview from which I learned most about this subject: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AVt7hVcJHJ8 Outro Music: Airport Lounge by Kevin MacLeod Visuals: Additional footage provided by VideoBlocks LLC Images licenced under Creative Commons 3.0 Licenses available upon request

What's the easternmost point in the US? Well, it's not Maine; it's not even the US Virgin Islands! Email: [email protected] Twitter: @WendoverPro Attributions: Footage provided by VideoBlocks LLC Images licenced under creative commons Licenses available upon request

The intermodal container changed our world. We would never have the interconnected and global economy of today without Malcolm McLean and his system of containerization. Email: [email protected] Twitter: @WendoverPro Please consider subscribing for more great videos about our world! Attributions: Northeast passage photo by Collin Knopp-Schwyn and Turkish Flame "Faster Does It" song by Kevin MacLeod Additional footage provided by VideoBlocks Licenses available upon request

No need to panic, but our world is shrinking Email: [email protected] Twitter: @WendoverPro Music: "Crossing the Divide" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Have you ever wondered why some advertisements are so simplistic, or why companies even bother with some marketing techniques? Watch this video to learn about all the ways that marketers use psychology to maximize their success. Email: [email protected] Twitter: @WendoverPro Music attributions: "Bass Walker" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ "Rollin at 5" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ "Faster Does It" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ All images, audio, and video are licensed under Creative Commons or were purchased and licensed for commercial use in this video.