The Lord of the Rings has lots of different kinds of people:
Elven people, dwarvin people, tree people, half-sized people, even people people.
There's, like, a million pages of background explaining this world
that goes much deeper than the books or the movies
but if you don't want to read it all,
here's a four-minute summary.
Starting with wizards.
It's easy to mistake the wizards as humans trained in magic,
like elsewhere.
But, in The Lord of the Rings, wizards are low-ish level angels.
They're called The Istari (get ready for lots of names in this video)
and there are ﬁve of them: Sauroman the white, Gandalf the gray,
Radgast the brown, and the two Blue Wizards.
Their power comes mostly from being supernatural and not so much from book
learning.
Their sent(by who? We'll get to that in a second) to help the people of
world stand against evil.
Not wildly successfully, either.
Sauroman, the leader of the ﬁve, with a mind of metal and wheels
gets corrupted, Radgast gets distracted by all the pretty nature, the Blue Wizards
just kind of fade into the east, possibly starting cults of magic,
and it's only Gandalf that stays true to the quest.
Now, where there's angels, there's a god, and in this universe,
that's Eru Ilúvatar.
In the beginning, there was not but Eru, and the infinite timeless nothing,
which is rather boring, so he created lots of angels to keep him company.
Ilúvatar's angels are called The Ainur and are divided into two groups:
The Valar, guardians of the world, of which there are fourteen.
(or ﬁfteen, depending on who you want to count)
And their servants, The Mayar.
So, the wizards are the Istari, a subset of the Mayar, which serve the
Valar, all created by Ilúvatar.
Ilúvatar, and all his angels sang together to make the world.
The harmony started out great, but there was one Valar, named Melkor,
and just from the name, Melkor, you know what's going to happen
even before learning he's also the smartest, and the most powerful
of the angels.
And also a bit of a loner.
Melkor didn't want just to be part of the chorus, like his dimmer Valar
co-workers,
he wanted his own song in creations.
And so, his voice became discordant from the others...
and created all the suffering and evil in the world.
But, Melkor's song also attracted some Maylar to his side,
including the balrogs, which means the balrog is a low-level angel,
making him on the same level of the power org chart as Gandalf.
Which explains why an old man can hold his ground against a giant lava
monster.
Through his discordant singing, Melkor also created some of the evil
creatures in the world, such as the dragons and trolls, which
ﬁnally gets us to things that aren't angels.
Other valar also made their own non-angelic creations, though in a more
cooperative spirit with Ilúvatar.
Manwë makes the Great Eagles, Aulë made the dwarves,
and his wife, Yavanna made all of the animals and the plants in the world,
before capping off that minor task with The Ents, her own
race of sentient creatures.
While Ilúvatar seemed happy to leave it to his Vala
to make *most* of the stuff, he did personally create
men and elves,
which makes them special, and kind of above all the other living
creatures.
Sorry, Dwarves.
And, of these two, the men are Ilúvatar's favorite children.
And, he shows this by giving men shorter lives than everybody else,
and also the gift of death?
Thanks a lot, Dad.
But, their short live set them apart from the other creatures, and they
aren't tied to the music of creation and the world, like everyone else.
And so, are able to forge their own futures.
These qualities make them the "Get Stuff Done" species of Middle Earth.
Elves, on the other hand, are so connected to the world that practically
made of nature. Same with the dwarves in their own way
and the Ents, of course.
These species all but follow the flow of nature, and it's partly why the
humans have such a hard time getting them to do anything.
Even when faced with armies of Orcs, which brings us to Orcs.
Melkor was powerful, but couldn't make his creatures as great as the elves and
men, and so cheated by corrupting some of them in the beginning and
selectively breading them over the generations into these creatures.
This business Melkor was up to of torturing elves, making monsters,
recuiting angels from the other side eventually, but unsurprisingly, led to
a war that Melkor looses and got him banished into the void.
All of the conflict in The Lord of The Rings comes long after the
epic Good vs. Evil fight of that universe.
Sauron, the Big Bad, who caused all of the trouble in these books,
was just one of the Mayar, though an unusually powerful one
who started his career as Melkor's lieutenant.
After the war, he did make a ring to focus his strength, but that's a
story for another time.
Last, but not least, we have the Hobbits.
Even though they seem related to Dwarves, what with the living underground and the
vertical challenge, Hobbits are a subspecies of men.
For such an important and pivotal race, there is little written of their origin,
other than the phrase "related to men".
Turns out, with a million pages, you still can't talk about everything,
just like in a four-minute video.
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